Chapter 7The Internet and theWorld Wide Web

The Internet:A Global Network

Besides communications, the Internet can also be used for research, distance learning, entertainment, and e-commerce. Search engines can be used to conduct research.

Computers can be used for entertainment purposes, including playing games, listening to music, and even viewing movies and videos

Electronic Commerce(E-commerce)

Refers to the Internet exchange of business information, products,

services, and payments.

Categories of E-commerce

E-commerce is commonly divided into two categories defined by target audience

Business-to-consumer (B2C)

Business-to-business (B2B).

Internet Service Provider ( ISP)

ISP OfficeISP Office

An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet access.

Value AddedNetworks (VANs)

Large ISP companies that provide a connection to the Internet as well as additional content.

Connecting to the Internet

LAN connection

High-speed options include cable, digital subscriber line (DSL), wireless, and satellite connections

There are two main ways for users to connect to the Internet: through dial-up access

Navigating the Internet

To access and move

about the Web,

users need to know

how to navigate

using a browser.

FavoritesYahooMSNNetscapeCNNGoogle

Meta Browsers

Allow users to put all their favorite sites onto one page.

Internet Protocol(IP) Addresses

Web browsers locate material on the Internet using

Internet protocol (IP) addresses.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

(URL) is a pathname describing where the information can be found.

Every IP also has a corresponding Web address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

Packets

The Internet breaks files into many pieces of data, called packets.

P1P1 P2P2P3P3

Packet-Switching

The Internet sends packets out over separate routes, a process called packet-switching.

56k56k

28.8k28.8k

DSLDSL

ROUTERROUTERP1

P1 P2 P3

P3

P2

A Web Page

A single document viewable on the World Wide Web.

A Web Site

Includes all of the Web pages comprising the site.

Links to other pages of site.

Home Page

The first page displayed after a Web site is accessed is usually the site’s home page.

Hyperlink

Click Here to see next slide.Click Here to see next slide.

A Web link, or link is any element on the screen that is coded to transport viewers to another page or site.

(HTML)

Web pages are usually created

using hypertext markup

language (HTML).

Extensible MarkupLanguage (XML)

A new and improved Web language that allows computersto communicate with each other directly.

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JAVA

Web site designers frequently program using Java and Java applets.

A plug-in

A miniprogram that extends the capabilities of Web browsers in a variety of ways.

Ways Companies Advertiseon the Internet

WebRings

Linked sites devoted to a

similar theme or topic.

Searching for Informationon the Internet

Searches are conducted using

keywords (search terms).

Advanced searching requires the use of logic

statements known as search operators to

refine searches and improve results.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)File Sharing

Allows people to download

material from other users’

hard drives.

Internet Telephone Services

Provide free long-distance service.

Streaming Techniques

An alternative to downloading a video file is to access it using streaming techniques (also known as Webcasting).

Webcams

Tiny video cameras called webcams allow

conversations over the Web through live

video transmission.

Free E-mail

E-mail services work by using a

Web browser as an e-mail interface.

Audio Mail

Allows people to transmit not only text and pictures but also a recording of their voice.

Internet Community Issues

Flaming is one of the most frequently

encountered examples of rude

Internet behavior.

Guidelines for good behavior, called netiquette,

encourage people to interact productively

Moderated environments are another solution to inappropriate behavior.

Internet Policy

Developers have not reached an agreement on a common communications standard.

Incompatible standards mean that businesses and consumers are inconvenienced, and the full potential

of the application is not realized.

Internet PolicyDevelopment Issues

Limited bandwidth in many areas slows down transmissions speeds, especially with the huge multimedia files that are increasingly common.

More Internet PolicyDevelopment Issues

Privacy and security are major concerns in e-mail communications and e-commerce transactions.

Encryption systems can protect

customers’ financial information.

Viruses

Computer viruses represent a significant threat to all computer systems.

To eliminate the threat, virus scanning software is widely available.

The Digital MillenniumCopyright Act of 1998

The DMC Act of 1998Generally prohibits people from defeating software encryption programs and other safeguards that copyright holders have established to control access to their works.

Copyright law violations are frequent occurrences on the Internet.

Copyright law violations are frequent occurrences on the Internet.

On the Horizon

Satellite Internet Connections

Remote ISPs connect to the satellite network using antennae attached to their servers. Data is relayed to and from ISP servers to satellites, which are, in turn, connected to an Internet backbone access point.

Another Internet?A remedy for the traffic clogging the information highway is Internet2, a revolutionary new type of Internet currently under development.

Another Internet?A remedy for the traffic clogging the information highway is Internet2, a revolutionary new type of Internet currently under development.

XML-Based Web ServicesWeb services are integrated Web-based applications using the new XML Web language. XML is used to structure data interchange for better information sharing.

XML-Based Web ServicesWeb services are integrated Web-based applications using the new XML Web language. XML is used to structure data interchange for better information sharing.

Bring Your Own Access: Internet Services for a FeeIndustry observers, including the research firm Forrester, predict that large portals will soon determine effective structures and marketing strategies to get consumers to pay for Internet services.

Bring Your Own Access: Internet Services for a FeeIndustry observers, including the research firm Forrester, predict that large portals will soon determine effective structures and marketing strategies to get consumers to pay for Internet services.