Informational Text Synthesizing Sources: Main Ideas and Supporting Evidence
Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas
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Transcript of Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas
![Page 1: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
chapter chapter 77Supporting Your Supporting Your IdeasIdeas
![Page 2: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Supporting MaterialsSupporting Materials
• Examples
• Statistics
• Testimony
![Page 3: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
ExampleExample
Specific case to illustrate speaker’s ideas
![Page 4: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Types of ExamplesTypes of Examples
• Brief
• Extended
• Hypothetical
![Page 5: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Brief ExampleBrief Example
Specific case referred to in passing to illustrate point
![Page 6: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Extended ExampleExtended Example
Story, narrative, anecdote developed at length to illustrate point
![Page 7: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Hypothetical ExampleHypothetical Example
Example that describes fictitious situation
![Page 8: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Using Tips for Using ExamplesExamples
• Clarify ideas
• Reinforce ideas
• Personalize ideas
![Page 9: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Using Tips for Using ExamplesExamples
• Make examples vivid, richly textured
• Practice delivery to enhance extended examples
![Page 10: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Statistical MeasuresStatistical Measures
• Mean
• Median
• Mode
![Page 11: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
MeanMean
Average value of group of numbers
![Page 12: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
MedianMedian
Middle figure in group once figures are put in order from highest to lowest
![Page 13: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
ModeMode
Number that occurs most frequently in group
![Page 14: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Using Tips for Using StatisticsStatistics
• Use reliable sources
• Use to quantify ideas
• Use sparingly
• Identify sources
![Page 15: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Using Tips for Using StatisticsStatistics
• Explain thoroughly
• Round off
• Use visual aids if needed
![Page 16: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
TestimonyTestimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support point
![Page 17: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Expert TestimonyExpert Testimony
Testimony from recognized experts
![Page 18: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Peer TestimonyPeer Testimony
Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience, insight on topic
![Page 19: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Direct QuotationDirect Quotation
Testimony presented word for word
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The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Quoting Out of Quoting Out of ContextContext
Distorting statement by removing it from words, phrases around it
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The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
ParaphraseParaphrase
Restate source’s ideas in your own words
![Page 22: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Using Tips for Using TestimonyTestimony
• Quote, paraphrase accurately
• Use testimony from qualified sources
![Page 23: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Tips for Using Tips for Using TestimonyTestimony
• Use testimony from unbiased sources
• Identify people you quote, paraphrase
![Page 24: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Citing Sources OrallyCiting Sources Orally
• Name of document
• Author or sponsoring organization
• Qualifications
• Date
![Page 25: Chapter 7 - Supporting Your Ideas](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103004/55d732e1bb61eb43328b45ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The McGraw-Hill Companies © 2009 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
ExampleExample
“Kimberly Palmer, financial columnist for U.S. News & World Report, reported in the January 28, 2008, issue that graduating students now owe an average of $15,500 in student-loan debt.”