Chapter 7 Section 3. France under Louis XIV The reign of Louis XIV has been regarded as the best...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Section 3. France under Louis XIV The reign of Louis XIV has been regarded as the best...
France under Louis XIV The reign of Louis XIV has been
regarded as the best example of the
practice of absolutism (a system in
which a ruler holds total power) in the
seventeenth century; his court was
often imitated throughout Europe.
Both Louis XIII and Louis XIV came to
the throne at a very young age –
therefore the monarchy was preserved
by the authority of their royal
ministers, Richelieu and Mazarin.
Richelieu and MazarinCardinal Richelieu
Louis XIII’s minister
Strengthened the power of the
monarch
Took Huguenots’ political and
military rights because they were
seen as a threat
Had spies uncover plots by nobles
and then executed them
Mazarin
• Louis XIV’s minister
• Crushed a revolt led by the
nobility
• Result: the people realized
French stability lay in a strong
monarch.
Louis XIV comes to power…
Mazarin diesLouis XIV takes over the supreme powerBecomes known as the Sun King – “the light
of his people.”
Government and religion under Louis XIV
Louis XIV had a palace built at Versailles. The palace at Versailles served
three purposes:
1. Personal household to the king;
2. Chief offices of the state are located within; and
3. Subjects came to find favors for themselves.
Louis removed his biggest threat – the nobles and royal princes – by keeping them
out of politics and keeping them busy with court life. Louis did not share his
authority with anyone.
Louis was anti-Protestant. He revoked the Edict of Nantes, ordered all Huguenot
churches to be destroyed and their schools to be closed. What was the result?
200,000 Huguenots flee to England, the United Provinces, and the German states.
Economy and WarJean-Baptiste Colbert – Finance minister of
Louis XIV. He followed the ideas of mercantilism; granted subsidies to new industries; built roads and canals; raised tariffs on foreign goods. All of this made it possible for Louis to have the palace built, for maintenance of his court, and to wage wars.
War: Louis had a standing army of 400,000 men. Other European nations had to form coalitions to prevent him from dominating.
Louis’ legacy: He left France in debt and surrounded by enemies
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe After the Thirty Years War, Prussia and Austria
emerged as great European powers
Prussia: Fredrick William the Great Elector laid the
foundation for Prussia.
Prussia was a small territory – it had no natural
barriers for defense – therefore he built the
fourth largest standing army in Europe.
To maintain the army and his own power,
Fredrick William set up the General War
Commissariat which levied taxes for the growth
of the army and state
Eventually Fredrick William and his son are given
the title of King
The New Austrian Empire
Austria: The Hapsburgs had lost the Holy Roman Empire at the
end of the Thirty Years War, therefore they began building
their Austrian Empire in east and southeastern Europe.
The Austrian monarch never became centralized or absolute
because the state was composed of many national groups; each
area had its own lands and political life – nothing tied the
regions together except their idea of service to the Hapsburgs.
Russia under Peter the Great
In the 16th century – Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) was the first
Russian ruler to take the title of czar (the Russian word for
caesar). He expanded the territories and crushed the borders.
When Ivan died, a period of anarchy known as the Time of Troubles
followed. It ended when the national assembly chose Michael
Romanov as the new czar; the Romanovs rule Russia over 300
years.
Peter the Great: absolute monarch who claimed divine right. He
was responsible for modernizing Russia – visited Europe and
brought technology back to Russia.
Russia under Peter the Great
Military Changes –
Peter reorganizes the army and drafts peasants
for 25 years of enlistment
Built a standing army of 210,000 men
Credited with forming the first Russian navy
Russia under Peter the Great
Cultural changes:
Peter prepared the first book of Russian etiquette;
made nobles shave their beards unless they paid a tax to
keep it;
forced Russians to start dressing like Westerners;
held gatherings and forced men and women to dance and
talk.
Russia under Peter the Great
St. Petersburg:
Peter needed a port with accesses to Europe
He fights Sweden for territory on the Baltic Sea and wins
Began construction of St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea in
Western style – hired European architects to design it. It
remains the Russian capital until 1918.