Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late...

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Chapter 7 section 3 The Gilded Age

Transcript of Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late...

Page 1: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Chapter 7 section 3

The Gilded Age

Page 2: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century:

• Increases in immigration• Widespread industrialization• Improvements in agricultural technologyWhat was one result of these developments

during this time period?A. the growth of large citiesB. the decline of labor unionsC. the spread of plantation agricultureD. the construction of interstate highways

OGT Question #40

Page 3: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Period of Greed and self-indulgence coined by Mark Twain

Era marred by rise of political machines and corruption

Represented the growing gap between the few rich people and the many poor people

Why was it called the Gilded Age?

Page 4: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

A political machine is a power structure in rapidly growing cities that had limited or insufficient government.

Offered services and favors to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support.

Political Boss- controlled access to municipal jobs, business licenses, and influenced the courts.

Immigrants would help political bosses get re-elected in exchange for assistance attaining citizenship.

Political Machines

Page 5: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

City Boss-controlled all the political

activity in the cityWard Boss-Secured

vote for city boss by doing favors or

providing services for the poor.Local Precinct workers

(Captains)- Gained support on a city block or in a

neighborhood

Organization of Political Machines

Page 6: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Once a political machine got into office it would take advantage of the opportunities for GRAFT…The illegal use of political influence for personal gain

Examples:Getting a city job for a “friend”KickbacksFavors to allow illegal activity…on the take.Until 1890 police forces were hired and fired by

the political bosses making it easy to get away with shady dealings.

Graft and Scandal

Page 7: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

William Tweed…head of Tammany HallTammany Hall –New York City’s most

powerful and corrupt political machine.Ex. New York County Courthouse scandalThomas Nast- political cartoonist that

created public awareness about the corruption in Tammany Hall

Boss Tweed

Page 8: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Patronage(spoils system)-giving govt. jobs to people who assisted with getting a candidate elected.

After Garfield’s assassination the Pendleton Service Act was passes under Chester Arthur that made appointments to federal jobs through a merit system of performance and examination.

Made public admin jobs more efficient and honest.

Civil Service and Patronage

Page 9: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Rutherford B. Hayes• President whose election ended Reconstruction

and led to the start of civil service reform.

James Garfield• Ohioan who supported reform of Patronage, was

elected president, and was assassinated.

Chester A. Arthur• Vice-President who took over after the above

president was killed. He became a reformer. Passed Pendleton C.S.A.

Era Presidents and Reforms

Page 10: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Grover Cleveland• Only president to serve nonconsecutive

terms. He wanted to reduce tariffs.

Benjamin Harrison• Won Presidential election with promise

to raise tariffs• Received financial support from big

businesses

Big Businesses support high Tariffs

Page 11: Chapter 7 section 3. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century: Increases in immigration Widespread industrialization.

Why did political machine politics become common in cities in the late 19th century?

What government problems arose as a result of patronage?

What were the views of Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison on tariffs?

Reflection Questions


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