Chapter 7 Section Chapter 7 Section 33

A new plan of A new plan of governmentgovernment

pp. 207-213pp. 207-213

This section outlines the This section outlines the responsibilities and limits of responsibilities and limits of the national government.the national government.

Key terms:Key terms:EnlightenmentEnlightenment * ratify * ratifyFederalismFederalism * Federalist * FederalistArticleArticle * Antifederalist * AntifederalistLegislative branch * amendmentLegislative branch * amendmentJudicial branchJudicial branchChecks & balancesChecks & balances

Roots of the ConstitutionRoots of the Constitution

The delegates studied and discussed the The delegates studied and discussed the history of political development- so that history of political development- so that their new government would avoid past their new government would avoid past mistakes.mistakes.

1. What influenced the 1. What influenced the Constitution?Constitution?

Magna Carta-Magna Carta- 1215- Limited the power of 1215- Limited the power of the the kingking..

English Bill of English Bill of RightsRights- 1689- listed - 1689- listed individualindividual rights. rights.

John Locke (English philosopher)- John Locke (English philosopher)- believed all people have believed all people have natural rightsnatural rights- - life, life, libertyliberty, and, and property.property.

Baron de Montesquieu- powers of the Baron de Montesquieu- powers of the government should be government should be separated separated and and balanced.balanced.

2. What ideas did the 2. What ideas did the Enlightenment promote?Enlightenment promote?

The idea of knowledge, reason The idea of knowledge, reason and science. and science.

The Federal SystemThe Federal System

3. What is Federalism?3. What is Federalism?

Sharing of power between the federal and Sharing of power between the federal and state governments.state governments.

Federal Govt.

State Govt.

Power

Federal GovernmentFederal Government

4. Power to:4. Power to:

1)1) TaxTax

2)2) Issue MoneyIssue Money

3)3) Regulate tradeRegulate trade

4)4) Raise an armyRaise an army

5)5) Declare warDeclare war

6)6) Pass lawsPass laws

State GovernmentState Government

5. Power to:5. Power to:

1)1) Pass and enforce Pass and enforce laws.laws.

2)2) Regulate trade Regulate trade within their borders.within their borders.

3)3) Establish local Establish local governments, governments, schools,…schools,…

Shared PowersShared Powers

6. The federal and state governments 6. The federal and state governments shared the power to 1) shared the power to 1) TAX andTAX and 2) to BUILD ROADS.2) to BUILD ROADS.

The government was The government was divided into divided into 3 3 branches.branches.

LegislativeLegislative Branch Branch ExecutiveExecutive Branch Branch JudicialJudicial Branch Branch

7. Legislative Branch-7. Legislative Branch-Law Law making branch. making branch.

House of Rep.House of Rep. SenateSenate*the # of representatives is *the # of representatives is * the # of rep. is* the # of rep. is

based on the based on the populationpopulation. equal- . equal- 22 for each for each

state. state.

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress (legislative branch)(legislative branch)

Collecting taxesCollecting taxes Coining moneyCoining money Regulating tradeRegulating trade Declaring warDeclaring war Raising and supporting an armyRaising and supporting an army Makes all the lawsMakes all the laws!!!!!!

8. Executive Branch- 8. Executive Branch- headed by headed by the the PresidentPresident- carries out laws and - carries out laws and

policies.policies.

President is the President is the CommanderCommander-in--in-ChiefChief of of the armed forces.the armed forces.

Conducts relations with Conducts relations with foreign countriesforeign countries.. The president and vice-president are The president and vice-president are

elected by the elected by the Electoral CollegeElectoral College..

9. Judicial Branch9. Judicial Branch- court - court systemsystem

Made up of the Made up of the SupremeSupreme Court and all Court and all lower courts.lower courts.

Supreme Court hears cases involving the Supreme Court hears cases involving the Constitution.Constitution.

Define:Define:

Article – a partArticle – a part Electoral College – Special group that Electoral College – Special group that

elects the president and vice-presidentelects the president and vice-president Amendment – something added to a Amendment – something added to a

documentdocument

10. Checks and Balances10. Checks and Balances- - keeps any one branch from keeps any one branch from having having

too much power.too much power. BothBoth houses must pass a bill before it houses must pass a bill before it

becomes a law.becomes a law. The president can The president can vetoveto a bill. a bill. The judicial branch makes sure laws do The judicial branch makes sure laws do

not conflict with the not conflict with the constitution.constitution.

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances- - (cont.)(cont.)

Congress can override a veto with Congress can override a veto with 2/32/3 vote of both houses.vote of both houses.

The President appoints The President appoints Supreme CourtSupreme Court members. The members. The SenateSenate must approves the must approves the justices.justices.

11.11. Adopting the Adopting the ConstitutionConstitution

states needed to ratify, or states needed to ratify, or approve the planapprove the plan..

Those that supported the Constitution were Those that supported the Constitution were calledcalled Federalists Federalists. .

A series of essays were written by A series of essays were written by Madison, Madison, Hamilton and JayHamilton and Jay called the Federalist called the Federalist Papers. Papers. Federalists feared dFederalists feared disorder isorder without a strong without a strong central government.central government.

11. continued11. continued

Those opposed to the constitution Those opposed to the constitution were called were called Antifederalists. Antifederalists. They They feared feared oppression oppression more than more than disorder.disorder.

11. Continued 11. Continued

Delaware Delaware was the 1was the 1stst state to ratify. state to ratify. New HampshireNew Hampshire was the 9 was the 9thth state to state to

ratify.ratify. Virginia was hesitant to ratify the Virginia was hesitant to ratify the

Constitution because Constitution because it lacked a Bill of it lacked a Bill of Rights.Rights.

James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”

Adopting the ConstitutionAdopting the Constitution

The first ten amendments, Bill of Rights, The first ten amendments, Bill of Rights, was added to the Constitution in was added to the Constitution in 1791.1791.