Chapter 7 Section 2 The Spanish-American War. War with Spain In the late 1890s, newspapers published...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Section 2 The Spanish-American War. War with Spain In the late 1890s, newspapers published...
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Chapter 7 Section 2The Spanish-American War
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War with Spain• In the late 1890s,
newspapers published stories from Cuba.
• Cuban rebels were fighting for independence from Spain.
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War with Spain• To attract readers, the newspapers printed
sensational, often exaggerated stories.
• This technique is called yellow journalism.
• These vivid stories about Spanish brutality convinced Americans that the U.S. military should support the rebels.
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War with Spain• President William
McKinley was a supporter of Cuban independence.
• A few events led to war……
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War with Spain• The first event –
• Spanish minster wrote a letter to the U.S. president calling the U.S. weak.
• Americans were outraged!
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War with Spain• After the letter, the
president sent a battleship, the Maine, to Cuba.
• One day it exploded and sank, killing 266 men.
• The reasons for the explosion were unknown, but the American press immediately blamed Spain.
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War with Spain• “Remember the Maine” became a rallying
cry for angry Americans.
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War with Spain• President McKinley asked Congress to
approve going to war & they did.
• Cuba was not an American territory, but the U.S. issued a resolution stating Cuba was now an independent nation.
• The U.S. also demanded Spain leave Cuba within 3 days.
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War with Spain• Attached to the resolution
was the Teller Amendment.
• This stated that the U.S. had no interest in taking control of Cuba.
• In response to this, Spain declared war on the U.S.
• The next day, we declared war on Spain.
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War in the Philippines• While attention was on Cuba, the U.S.
quickly won a victory on the other side of the world.
• The Philippines was a Spanish colony.
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War in the Philippines• Filipinos, like the
Cubans, were rebelling against Spanish rule.
• As soon as the Spanish-American War began, American commodore, George Dewey, raced to the Philippines with 4 large warships and 2 small gunboats.
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War in the Philippines• He sailed into Manila
Bay & destroyed the Spanish fleet that was stationed there.
• Dewey’s forces sank or captured 10 ships.
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War in the Philippines• U.S. troops
arrived & with the help of Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino rebel, took control of the Philippine capital, Manila.
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War in the Caribbean• The navy was
prepared for war, but the army was not.
• New volunteers brought the number of soldiers from 28,000 to 280,000.
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War in the Caribbean• The Army did not
have enough rifles or bullets for these soldiers.
• Many soldiers had to wear wool uniforms in Cuba’s tropical heat.
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War in the Caribbean• The soldiers faced harsh conditions in Cuba.
• Many soldiers caught yellow fever.
• More than 2,000 Americans died from disease while only 400 were killed in battle.
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War in the Caribbean• The most colorful
group of soldiers was the Rough Riders.
• Second in command of the group was Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt.
• Roosevelt had organized the Rough Riders to fight in Cuba.
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War in the Caribbean• The Rough Riders
were a group of volunteers that included Native Americans, college athletes, cowboys, miners & ranchers.
• Newspaper stories of their heroism earned the Rough Riders America’s admiration.
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War in the Caribbean• After many battles,
Spain & the U.S. began peace negotiations.
• A few days later, the U.S. invaded Spanish-held Puerto Rico.
• Spain signed a cease-fire agreement on August 12, 1898.
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U.S. Gains Territories• The peace treaty with Spain, placed Cuba,
Guam, Puerto Rico & the Philippines under U.S. control.
• Some Americans opposed imperialism and created the Anti-Imperialist League.
• They argued that the treaty threatened democracy because it denied self-government to the people living in the newly acquired territories.
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Cuba• The Teller Amendment had declared that the
U.S. would not annex Cuba.
• McKinley wanted to create stability & increase U.S. economic activity there.
• He appointed Leonard Wood as governor there and he quickly began building schools & sanitation system.
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Cuba• Even with the new
sanitation system, disease remained a problem.
• Dr. Walter Reed was head of the army’s Yellow Fever Commission.
• He was sent to Cuba to help fight the disease.
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Cuba• He & his volunteers
conducted experiments.
• They soon proved that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes.
• Getting rid of the standing water where mosquitoes lived helped health officials to control the disease.
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Cuba• Governor Wood also
oversaw the writing of a Cuban constitution.
• The document included the Platt Amendment.
• This amendment limited Cuba’s right to make treaties and allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs.
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Cuba• It also required Cuba to sell or lease land to
the U.S.
• The Cubans reluctantly accepted the amendment & U.S. troops withdrew.
• The amendment remained in force until 1934 & the U.S. stayed active in Cuban affairs until the late 1950s.
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Puerto Rico• Like the Cubans, the Puerto Ricans hoped for
independence after the war.
• Instead, the U.S. made the island a territory.
• The Foraker Act established a civil government.
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Puerto Rico• Puerto Ricans were
considered citizens of the island, but not of the U.S.
• In 1917 the Jones Act gave Puerto Ricans citizenship.
• Today, the island has its own constitution & elected officials, but is considered a commonwealth of the United States.
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The Philippines• Spain had surrendered the Philippines
in return for $20 million.
• McKinley argued that the U.S. could benefit from the naval value & that annexing the island would keep European nations from seizing them.
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The Philippines• Filipino rebels had
expected independence after the war because they had helped U.S. forces capture Manila.
• Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, started a guerilla war against the U.S.
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The Philippines• After thousands of deaths, the U.S.
Congress passed the Philippine Government Act.
• It provided that an appointed governor would rule the Philippines.
• In 1946 the U.S. granted full independence to the Philippines.