Chapter 7 Review!
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Review!
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Chapter 7 Review!
Cellular Structure and Function
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Directions • Work in a group of 3-4 students • We will go group by group to answer a question.• If a group cannot answer a question correctly,
the first group to raise their hand and is called on may answer the question.
• There is no penalty for guessing. • Team with the most points at the end wins! • I may deduct points for disruptive behavior …
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Here we go …
Good luck!
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An electron microscope can magnify an object about how
many times?
500,000
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A light microscope can magnify an object how many times?
1,000
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List the 3 principles of the cell theory
1. All living organisms are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life3. Cells come from pre-existing cells
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Define: organelle
Specialized structure which carries out a specialized function.
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If a cell has a cell wall, is it a plant cell or an animal cell? How
do you know? Plant cell b/c animal cells do not
have cell walls.
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What is the function of the lysosome?
Digests & breaks down worn-down organelles and food
particles.
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Which organelle converts sugars into energy? (In an animal cell)
The mitochondria
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Where are proteins made?
In the ribosomes
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Control center; holds DNA (genetic information)
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Cells fall into two broad categories. What are they?
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
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The major structural difference between prokaryotes and the
eukaryotes is … The nucleus … prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus & eukaryotes do
have a nucleus.
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Describe a eukaryotic cell.
*contain a nucleus*has organelles*larger & more complex than prokaryotes
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What are examples of eukaryotic cells?
Plants and animals
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Describe a prokaryotic cell.
*no nucleus or membrane bound organelles*smaller, simpler than eukaryotic cells
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What’s an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria
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Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have a …
Plasma membrane
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
It regulates what enters and leaves the cell through selective
permeability.
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Why is the plasma membrane called a fluid mosaic model?
It has a lot of different components and has fluidity
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Describe the structure of the phospholipid bilayer.
It has two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail
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The heads of a phospholipid are (polar/non-polar) and the tails are
(polar/non-polar)Heads: polar
Tails: non-polar
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Why are the non-polar tails pointing inward?
Because they are hydrophobic and are being shielded from the
watery interior and exterior
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Besides phospholipids, list three other components of the plasma
membrane. Transport proteins, cholesterol,
carbohydrate chains.
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What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma
membrane? It helps maintain fluidity – keeps the tails from sticking together
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What is the function of the carbohydrates attached to the
proteins? Define a cell’s characteristics and
helps the cell identify chemical signals
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Identify A, B, C, D, & E in the diagram.
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What do you think would happen to the plasma membrane if the
cholesterol was removed? The membrane would become
more rigid because the cholesterol helps with fluidity.
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Define: homeostasis
Maintaining an internal balance
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What characteristic of the plasma membrane maintains a cell’s
homeostasis? Selective permeability
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True or false: Passive transport requires energy.
FALSE!
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List three examples of passive transport.
1. Diffusion2. Facilitated diffusion3. Osmosis
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In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration.
High, low
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How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion?
Instead of molecules passing directly through the plasma membrane, molecules pass through transport proteins.
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Active transport requires …
ENERGY!
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Na/K pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis are examples of …
Active transport … molecules are moving against its concentration
gradient & requires energy
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This is a picture of what type of transport?
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Our goal …
Is for EVERYONE to earn an 80% (a B or better!) on exam!