Chapter 7

Charmaine EscolanoMarinel Santiago

Zyraville Cañelas

Gladys Joy Garcia

Anne Rhea Barrera

Anna Marie Magalang

Lorilie Pineda

Genie Vitor

Dhulce Torcuator

Jonalyn Santos

Diana Vergaño

Jessica Soriano

Charmaine Escolano Cultural

Changes and Identity (1600-

1800)

Culture and the many changes in the are played a crucial role in maintaining Spanish rule in the Philippines. Spanish influence made its impact on the indigenous culture. Change in Filipino names, Intermarriage, The plaza complex, Fiestas and other religious rituals, Forms of amusement, Attire, Ornaments, House styles, Paintings, Education Spanish cultural influence kept the Indio's generally submissive. Spanish Influence The Spanish way of life was introduced: their cooking, clothing, eating habits, forms of amusement, Spanish words, Christianity The new culture which was Spanish and Filipino in origin, has now become recognizable Filipino.

Cultural Changes and Identity(1600-1800)

Marinel Santiago

Changes in Filipino Name

Before the coming of Spaniards, Filipinos had no surnames.

The Spaniards, at first, made little changes in the names of the Filipinos.

To put an end to this confusion, GOVERNOR-GENERAL NARCISO CLAVERIA issued a decree in 1849 allowing the Filipinos to change their name.

A few Filipinos, however, continued to use their Filipino names although they adopted Christian names.

Changes in Filipino Name

GOVERNOR-GENERAL NARCISO CLAVERIA

Zyraville Cañelas

Intermarriage & Social Life

• Intermarriage

• There were very few record marriages between a Filipino male and a Spanish female. The child of the marriage of a Filipino and a Spaniard was called Spanish Mestizo.

• Toward the end of the Spanish period, the word “Mestizo” was also used to refer to children of a male Chinese and a native woman, as in Mestiza de Sangley.’

• During the end of the nineteenth century, the term “Mestizo” referred to Spanish Mestizo or Mestiza.

• Those who belonged to the pure indigenous stock were called “Indios” or “Indias”

Intermarriage and Social Life

Social Life

During the Spanish times, the social community revolved around the Church.

Beside the church was the Municipal building called tribunal where the Gobernadorcillo or captain held office.

The Pista or Fiesta gave the Filipinos a day or so of relaxation from their toils in the farm.

Committees created by the captain with the consent of the friar-curate , were charged with preparing the program of activities: the staging of plays called Moro-Moro or Comedia and Zarzuela.

Spanish Mestizo

Mestiza de Sangley

Indios and Indias

Tribunal

Moro-Moro & Zarzuela

Gladys Joy Garcia

Amusement

Cockfighting -was the principal form of entertainment of the

Filipino menFeodor Jagor - is a German Scientist - the Filipino used cockfighting as amusement

and as form of gamblingPigafetta -the chronicler of the Magellan expedition

Amusement

Cockfighting

Feodor Jagor

Pigafetta

Soltada sentiyador llamado

• Kareo pusta • Ruweda dihado

These games included• panggingge• Monte • Tres siete

Terms used Cockfighting

LotteryHorse raceBullfighting

Bullfights-were held in what is now Claro M. Recto near the Cinerama Theater , then in Paco and finally in Pasay

Juego de Prenda -held with mourners playing cards

Duplo -ninth day after the death of a person

Spanish Origin

Lottery

Horse Race

Bull Fighting

Bellaco - called between two men or between a man

• Bellaca - called a woman

Kinds of Debate

Anne Rhea Barrera

Changes in Clothing

Changes in Clothing Barong

∞ or popularly called barong Tagalog.∞ began to be worn at this time by the ordinary menfolk. ∞ unlike the European and Spanish shirt that was tucked in, the barong was loosely worn to distinguish the natives from the foreigners.

Putong ∞ is the indigenous counterpart for male headgear or hat, consisting of a cloth wrapped on one’s head or a round or rectangular shaped hat. ∞ the Filipino male learned to wear putong or hats.

The Capitan or Gobernadorcillo wear a salakot with a silvertop. ∞ he also wore a coat over a long shirt, and carried a gold-hilted cane. ∞ this was a symbol of authority as Capitan.

Filipinos wore slipper or shoes, but the poor people went about barefooted.

Women wore skirt or saya, tapis, and the patadyong. ∞ they learned to wear a camisa in a spanish way. ∞ Camisa was made of fine material such as husi or pinya. ∞ they also learned to wear shoes and slippers.

Barong

Putong

Salakot

Anna Marie Magalang

The Mestiza Dress

The Mestiza Dress-was worn by Filipino women married to

Europeans and was definitely influenced by Spanish dress

-consist of upper transparent part called camisa.

Camisa - made of silk , hemp, husi , or pineapple filaments

Saya or skirt – is a lower part of Mestiza dress Baksa -part of supported by shoulders w/c

made of same materials of camisa.

Camisa

Skirt or Saya

Baksa

Lorilie Pineda

The Antillean Houses

The Antillean HousesSimilarly, house-types provided distinctions between the

rich and the poor.∞ example, Spaniard introduced the type of house called Antillean.

Antillean ∞ was either rectangular or square house made of strong materials such as first-class wood like narra, ipil, and molave. ∞ the was either nipa or tile, in many cases, the roof was made of red tiles. ∞ at the back or at the side of the house was the azotea.

Azotea ∞ was a roofless terrace at the side or at the back of the house introduced by the Spaniards.

Antillean House

The ordinary Filipino house during the Spanish period had a banggera (probably from the Spanish banquera or frame), on which clean plates, cups, and other things were placed.∞ then the ladder was improved and the stairs were, in some cases, made of wood. ∞ of course, bamboo ladder continued to be in use. ∞ another improvement was the addition of the balcon, which was a sort of gallery where members of the family could sit and look at the people passing by.

Genie Vitor

The position of

women

The Position of WomenThe Position of Women Men and women were

treated equally, before the Spanish conquest. But during Spanish times the women existed as dependents of men. They could not sell the property they inherited from their parents before their marriage without the consent of their husbands. The friar-curates taught the Filipino women to be very obedient to their husbands, even if their husbands were cruel and immortal. Taught how to be independent, how to help the husbands in earning more for the family. During the Spanish period, the women lived to raise children

Dhulce Torcuator A common

religion and Geographica

l identity

A common religion and Geographical identity

Jonalyn SantosThe influence

of the Spaniards

Language & Printing and Engraving

The influence of the Spaniards Language & Printing and Engraving

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE

• Spanish words∞ Silla ∞ mesa ∞ cama

Languages incorporated into the Philippines∞ Hilagaynon∞ Bicolano∞ Ilocano∞ Sugbuhanon∞ Tagalog

Tagalog∞ was especially influenced by the Spanish.

- in the center of the social, political, cultural, and economic setup of the country.

Tagalog Sibuyas Bintana Kusina Kabayo Balkon

Spanish Cebolla Ventana Cocina Caballo Balcon

PRINTING AND ENGRAVING

Dominican missionaries introduced printing by woodblocks.

Doctrina Christiana – one in a Tagalog and one in Chinese.

Printing by typography – was introduced Filipinos and Christianized Chinese aided the Spanish friars and their printing work.

Tomas Pinpin – was a prince of Filipino printers .Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay – other Filipino

printer, he was not only a printer but a good engraver.

Domingo Loag – was also a printer and an engraver. He printed many religious book and dictionaries.

Other famous engravers Cipriano Bagay Felipe Sevilla Lauriano Atlas

Doctrina Christiana

Tomas Pinpin

Diana Vergaño

Education

Education ● During the early period of Spanish rule, education was not available to the majority of Filipinos. ∞ But on the second half op the 19th century, primary and secondary schools were opened to Filipinos. ∞ Despite of this, many children are afraid to go to school because the teachers were often times brutal.∞ With the rise of middle class, many Filipinos were able to go colleges like San Juan De Letran, San Jose , and Ateneo Municipal.∞ Later these Filipinos were admitted to University of Sto. Tomas where they finished courses in law medicine, pharmacy and surveying.

Jessica Soriano

Impact of Cultural Changes

Impact of Cultural Changes The overall impact or effects of the cultural

changes brought by Spain in Philippines may be described as both positive and enriching, as well as negative and divisive.

Mr. Andres “Andy” Patricio Bonifacio