CHAPTER 7 Listening Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 7 Listening Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor Copyright © 2010 by Oxford...
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CHAPTER 7
Listening
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Section 1 THE NATURE OF LISTENING
Interplay
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Listening: How Important Is It?
55% college student’s time
60% of executives’ time
At work: Ability to listen
effectively: “Ideal skill” for managers
At home Listening = important
ingredient of relational satisfaction
Listening to personal narratives, fundamental to humanity and well-being.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Listening, defined…
Listening: Process of making sense of others’ spoken messages.
Hearing: Process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Mindless/Mindful Listening
Mindless listening: When we react to others’ messages automatically and routinely without much mental investment.
Why do the authors say that mindless listening can be valuable?
Mindful listening: Giving careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages we receive.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Section 2REASONS FOR LISTENING
Interplay
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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To understand…
Listening fidelity: Degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message-sender was attempting to communicate.
Invitational attitude: Desire to learn more about perspectives other than our own. Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor
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To evaluate…
Evaluating the quality of messages.
Mindful evaluation requires: Motivation Ability to analyze
comments Impartiality
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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To build and maintain relationships
and help others… Failure to listen = one of
the most frequent communication problems seen in counseling.
Listening well: First and most important habit to teach children.
Salespeople, people who use persuasion, benefit from well-developed listening skills.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Section 3CHALLENGES OF LISTENING
Interplay
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Listening is Not Easy
Information overload
Personal concerns
Rapid thought
Noise
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All listeners do not receive the same message
Physiological factor, social role, cultural background, personal interests, and needs shape and distort raw data we hear.
Research: “Even the most active,
empathic listener cannot … truly walk in another’s shoes.
Dyads only achieve 25-50% accuracy in interpreting or representing each other’ behavior.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Poor listening habits
Pseudolisteners Stage hogs Selective listeners Fill in gaps Insulated listening Defensive listening Ambushers
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Section 4COMPONENTS OF LISTENING
Interplay
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Components of Listening
Hearing: Physiological process
Attending: Psychological process. We attend most
carefully when there is a payoff for doing so.
Skillful communicators attend to speaker’s words and nonverbal cue.
Attending benefits the message sender.
Attempt to screen out distractions.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Components of Listening
Understanding Syntactic and
grammatical rules Knowledge about
the source of a message
Context of a message
Listener’s mental abilities.
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Components of Listening
Remembering Number of times the information is
heard/repeated. How much information is stored in the brain. Whether the information may be “rehearsed” or
not. Research:
People only remember about half of what they hear immediately.
Within 2 months, 50% forgotten, leaving 25% remembered.
Loss begins immediately—within about 8 hours!Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/Proctor
Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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Components of Listening
Responding Giving observable
feedback to the speaker.
Good listeners show attentiveness through: Eye contact Appropriate facial
expression Answering questions Exchanging ideas
Communication is transactional in nature!
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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END OF SECTIONCHAPTER CONTINUESIN PART TWO
Interplay
Interplay, Eleventh Edition, Adler/Rosenfeld/ProctorCopyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.