Chapter 7 How are Plants Classified

Plants Trivia

What percent of a raw apple is water?

84%

What percent of a cucumber is water?

96%

How many kernels are on an average ear of corn?

800 kernels

Brainstorming Time!With a partner, answer the following questions and WRITE

down what you come up with! You will have approximately 15 minutes to do this (and do it WELL!)

You will be sharing your thoughts!

1. List some characteristics of all plants?2. How do humans use plants?3. List as many different types of plants you

can think of!!! (hopefully your list is long)4. On the blank paper, draw a plant of your

choice and label its parts/structures!

Put the following plants in order from most primitive (1) to most advanced (5).

1

2

34

5

All Plants…

1. Are multicellular!

2. Have rigid cell walls (made of cellulose)

3. Have chloroplasts in their cells for photosynthesis!

• Photosynthesis:

Water + Carbon Dioxide glucose + oxygenCC66HH1212OO66

Kingdom Plantae is Divided into 2 Groups:

• Tracheophytes (advanced)

– Are vascular plants • have transport tubes

– Larger– Flowers, trees, shrubs, ferns

• Bryophytes (primative)

– Are non-vascular plants • no transport tubes

– small– Moss, liverworts, hogworts

Tracheophytes vs. Bryophytes

Bryophytes

• Most Primitive Pants

• Small!

• “pioneer plants”

• Examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Liverworts, Hornworts(Examples of Bryophytes)

• Liverwort– Marchantia

• Hornwort

WARM-UP (Review)

What are 3 distinguishing characteristics of ALL plants?• Multicellular, cell walls, chloroplasts

The kingdom Plantae is divided into what 2 groups?• Tracheophytes and Bryophytes

What are the two main differences between those 2 plant groups?

• Vascularity (transport tubes)

What group do mosses belong to?• Bryophyte

List the two phases of the moss life cycle?• Spore-Producing Phase• Gamete-Producing Phase

Ferns• Oldest Tracheophyte!

• Feather-like leaves

• Reproduces by spores

Fern Structure

Fern Life CycleSpore-Producing

Phase

Gamete-Producing Phase

Let’s take a closer look at this life cycle!

• Dissection microscope – sori on underside of leaves

• Regular microscope – gametophyte

Gymnosperms• Tracheophyte

– Has vascular tissue!

• Means uncovered, exposed/naked seedsSeed: reproductive structure of a plant. Contains own

food for its growth.

• Woody stems

• Examples: – Conifers (pine trees)– Gingkos– Cycads

Types of Gymnosperms

Conifers

(Produce cones)

Ex- Pine, Spruce

Ginkgos

(Fan-like leaves)*Grow-well! Even in Pollution!

Cycads

(Tropical, large leaves)

Here’s something you may not know….

• The needles on conifers are modified leaves. They still need to photosynthesis and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment.

• If you look at the underside of the needles, you can see the little holes.

• Conifers can be identified by looking at the patterns of these holes on needles!

Warm-UpWarm-Up

• List as many angiosperms (flowering plants) as you can!

Here’s a start…

AngiospermsAngiosperms• Flowering plants! • Largest plant group!

– 250,000 diff. types

• All have flowers and seeds! • Tracheophytes (most advanced!)

– Vascularity (transport tubes) HIGHLY DEVELOPED! – True roots, stems, and leaves

• Examples:– Grasses, oak tree, tulip, corn

Seeds are Protected by Fruit Seeds are Protected by Fruit (not naked like the Gymnosperms)

• Angiosperms are seed plants (produce seeds to reproduce)

• Seeds are enclosed in a fruit

• Many types of fruits!

Did You Know…Did You Know…These are all fruits too!These are all fruits too!

SEED

SEED SEED

SEED

Angiosperms can either be…Angiosperms can either be…Monocot or DicotMonocot or Dicot

• Monocot Monocot – flowering plant with one cotyledon in its seeds

• DicotDicot – flowering plant with two cotyledons in its seeds

• CotyledonCotyledon – leaf-like structure inside a seed that contains food for the developing plant.

You can see the difference in You can see the difference in cotyledon # two ways!cotyledon # two ways!

• Look at seeds

• Look at sprout structure!

Monocot vs. Dicot ChartMonocot vs. Dicot Chart