Chapter 7 Governing and Administering Public Education.
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Governing and Administering Public Education.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 7 | 2
Educational Roles at Different Levels of Government
Federal State Local
• Sets broad goals & priorities
• Funding and support to states & local districts
• Legal decisions
• Establishes local districts
• Raises & distributes tax money to local districts
• Sets curriculum guides & teacher standards
• Implements local, state and national policies
• Major responsibility for day-to-day operations of schools, including staffing, funding, and instructional concerns
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A Typical School Board Member
• Male (60%)• White (86%)• Over 40 (82%)• College-educated (67%)• High-income (64% over $50,000/year)• Parent of a child in district (57%)• Conservative (55%)
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Responsibilities ofLocal School Boards
• Policy• Staffing• Employee Relations• Fiscal Matters• Student Concerns• Curriculum and Assessment• Community Relations• Intergovernmental Requirements
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Superintendents’ Roles
• Management of personnel• Curricular and instructional leadership• Administrative management• Overseeing district’s day-to-day operations
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Principals’ Roles
• Managing day-to-day school operations• Instructional leadership• Differences by level of school
– Secondary: seen as general managers– Elementary: seen as leaders in curriculum and
instruction
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Types of Community Involvement in Schools
Community Participation
• Advisory committees (Site-based Decision Making) to neighborhood school or local school board
Community Education
• Schools partner with community agencies to offer social & educational programs to a wide variety of people.
Community Control
• Elected council shares power with school board
• Charter schools
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State Level Players and TheirRoles in Education Decisions
Governor• Education budget recommendations• Appoint state education officials
State Legislature• Nature and level of state taxes for schools• Taxing powers of local districts• What may be taught, length of compulsory school
attendance
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State Level Players and TheirRoles in Education Decisions (cont’d.)
State Board of Education• Vary widely by state
State Department of Education• Collects and disseminates school statistics• Monitors districts’ implementation of state educational
policies
Chief State School Officer• Heads the State Department of Education• Chief Executive of State Board of Education
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National Perspectives
US Department of Education (ED)• Began in 1867 as Office of Education • Cabinet-level status in 1979• Secretary of Education
– Manages ED– Advocates for specific agendas
National School Organizations• National School Boards Association• Council of Chief State School Officers• Education Commission of the States
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No Child Left Behind
• 2002 Reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)
• Goals– Improve low-performing schools– Hold states and districts accountable through annual
testing in reading & math
• More federal influence than ever before• Concern about un-funded mandates