Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures
description
Transcript of Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures
![Page 1: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures
![Page 2: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Place
![Page 3: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Purpose
Review English CategoriesLook at Other Place and Manner Possibilities - Examples in Other Languages
Look at Common Disordered Categories
![Page 4: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Place
Need to Specify Passive articulator Active articulator
![Page 5: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Most Non-English Sounds
Similar PlacesDifferent Manner
1. Bilabial
2. Labiodental
3. Dental
4. Alveolar
5. Retroflex
6. Palato-Alveolar
7. Palatal
8. Velar
9. Uvular
10. Pharyngeal
11. Epiglottal
![Page 6: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bilabials
English: Oral & Nasal Stops, Glides
Other languages Fricatives
Spanish: saber (to know) = /saβeɾ/
Linguo-labials - tongue + lip
LABIAL
![Page 7: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Labiodental
English: FricativesMany languages have fricatives, affricates German: Pfund (pound) = /pfunt/
No phonemic Stops or Nasals Acoustic similarity to bilabials
Many allophonic nasals E.g., “symphony” /sɪɱfəni/
“emphasis” /ɛɱfəsɪs/
LABIAL
![Page 8: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Interdental/Dental
English: FricativesOther Languages: Stops Nasals
CORONAL
![Page 9: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Alveolar
English: Stops, Nasals, Fricatives, Approximants
Other Languages: Affricates
E.g., German, Zeit (time) /tsaɪt/ Nonphonemic in English
E.g., eats /its/
CORONAL
![Page 10: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Retroflex
English: Liquids
Other Languages: Stops, Nasals, Laterals, Fricatives
E.g., Quichua, ari (yes) /aɻi/
Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation with underside of tongue (not manner because place is both where and what with tongue)
CORONAL
![Page 11: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Part of Tongue Used
Apical - Tongue TipLaminal - Tongue BladeDorsal - Back of Tongue
CORONAL
![Page 12: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Alveolar and Palatal
English: Fricatives
Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue tip
near alveolar/post-alveolar region (not underside)Alveolo-palatals (like palatal + palato-
alveolar) - further back than palato-alveolar, but still tongue tip under alveolar ridge (Chinese and Polish)
CORONAL
![Page 13: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Palatal
English: Fricatives, Liquids, Glides
Other Languages Stops, Fricatives, Nasal
Laminal vs. DorsalPhonemic vs. Allophonic Uses
CORONAL
![Page 14: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Velar
English Stops, Nasals
Fricatives Spanish German
DORSAL
![Page 15: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Uvular
Back of tongue to uvulaNot in American EnglishFricatives French
Trill German /R/
Nasals Iniktitut /N/
Stop Iniktitut /q, G/
DORSAL
![Page 16: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Epiglottis
Epiglottis to back wall of pharynxRareFricativesPhonemic contrast between pharyngeal & epiglottal place extremely rare. Acoustic similarity
DORSAL
See Agul
![Page 17: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pharyngeal
Root of tongue to back wall of pharynxFricatives
DORSAL
![Page 18: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Manner
![Page 19: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stops
Summary Table 7.5, p. 168.
Know how each is produced
![Page 20: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nasals
In many languagesPrimarily Voiced, some voiceless.
![Page 22: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fricatives
Largest varietyClassification Tongue grooved or flat
not bilabial Sibilants and Non-sibilants
Auditory distinction Sibilants have greater acoustic energy Different means of obstruction
![Page 23: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nasals, stops and fricatives (Nasals are all voiced despite the uvular nasal being on the left)
![Page 24: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Trill
Tip of tongue set in motion by airUvular, Alveolar, Bilabial
![Page 25: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tap/FlapTap Tongue tuip hitting roof of mouth Spanish single “r” – pero (but) /peɾo/
Flap One articulator being thrown against another.
Technically flaps retroflex and post-alveolarOften grouped, terminology used interchangeably.E.g., “betty” (tap) vs. “hardup” (flap)
![Page 26: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Affricates
Phonemic – DurationTypes Alveopalatal Alveolar Labial Ejectives Possible
![Page 27: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Lateral vs. Central / Approximants (liquids & glides)
Lateral Air passes out sides
Central Air passes out center Alveolar vs. Velar
![Page 28: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Place & Manner Differences in Disordered Speech
![Page 29: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Lateralization
Primarily Stops Fricatives
![Page 30: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Speech with a Cleft Palate
Cleft in hard/soft palate Tissue, Bony Structure, Muscle
Inadequate closure/obstruction of airStructurally unable to produce certain soundsAttempt to keep same manner with different place May result in Nasal Fricatives Glottal Stops Pharyngeal Fricatives
![Page 31: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What you know about consonants:
1. Airstream Mechanism2. Airstream Direction3. Glottis State4. Part of Tongue Involved (NA on some)5. Primary Place of Articulation6. Manner of Articulation7. Centrality8. Nasality
![Page 32: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Airstream Mechanism
1. Pulmonic2. Glottalic3. Velaric
![Page 33: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Airstream Direction
1. Egressive2. Ingressive
![Page 34: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Glottis State
1. Voiced2. Voiceless3. Murmured4. Laryngealized5. Closed
![Page 35: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Part of Tongue Involved
1. Apical2. Laminal3. Neither
![Page 36: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Primary Place of Articulation
1. Bilabial2. Labiodental3. Dental4. Alveolar5. Retroflex6. Alveopalatal7. Palato-alveolar8. Palatal9. Velar10. Uvular11. Pharyngeal12. (Labial-Velar)
![Page 37: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Manner of Articulation
1. Stop2. Fricative3. Approximant4. Trill5. Flap6. Tap7. Affricate
![Page 38: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Centrality
1. Central2. Lateral
![Page 39: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nasality
1. Oral2. Nasal
![Page 40: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Practice – match the transcription with the sound
1
2
3
4
5
a
b
c
d
e
![Page 43: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Practice – match the transcription with the sound
1
2
3
4
5
a
b
c
d
e
![Page 44: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Difficult Fricative
Practice1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
![Page 45: Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/568150a5550346895dbeade1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Difficult Fricative
Practice1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j