Cell structure and function for microbiologists Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Chapter 7 Cells - White Plains Public Schools / · Web view Cheek Cell- Animal Onion...
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Chapter 7 Cells Section 7-1 Cells: the basic unit of life Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells can only come from other living cells. Leeuwenhoek : developed the microscope and saw living microorganisms in pond water Hooke : looked at plant cells and cork with a microscope. Called it a “CELL” Basic Cell Structures Cell Membrane : thin membrane that surrounds the cell Cell Wall : strong layer around the membrane Protects the cell NOT in Animal cells Nucleus : genetic material; control center of the cell Cytoplasm : jelly-like substance that contains other organelles. http://cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Cheek Cell- Animal
Transcript of Chapter 7 Cells - White Plains Public Schools / · Web view Cheek Cell- Animal Onion...
Chapter 7 CellsSection 7-1
Cells: the basic unit of lifeCell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells.2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in
living things.3. New cells can only come from other living cells.
Leeuwenhoek: developed the microscope and saw living microorganisms in pond waterHooke: looked at plant cells and cork with a microscope. Called it a “CELL”Basic Cell StructuresCell Membrane: thin membrane that surrounds the cellCell Wall: strong layer around the membrane
Protects the cell NOT in Animal cells
Nucleus: genetic material; control center of the cellCytoplasm: jelly-like substance that contains other organelles.http://cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htmCheek Cell- Animal
Onion Cell-Plant
Prokaryotes: Simple cell No Nucleus Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes: Complex Cell
Has a nucleus Example: Human Cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Section 7-2Cell Structures
1. Cell Wall : Found in PLANTS, ALGAE, FUNGI, and PROKARYOTES (No Nucleus) NOT in animal cells Made from protein and carbohydrates protects and supports the cell
2. Nucleus : Controls the cell and contains hereditary information (DNA) Only in Eukaryotic cells
a. Chromosomes : Made of chromatin and contains genetic information
b. Nucleolus : Assembly of ribosomes3. Nuclear Envelope : Surrounds the nucleus4. Cytoskeleton : supports the cell, helps it to keep its
shape, involved in cell movement microtubules : Hollow tubes of protein Microfilaments : long thin fibers that aid in cellular
movement5. Ribosomes : one of the most important jobs in the cell is
to make protein Proteins are assembled here
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum : makes part of the cell membrane and some proteins (“ER”) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum : Has Ribosomes on it Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum : No Ribosomes on it
7. Golgi Apparatus : Contains Enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
8. Lysosomes : small organelles filled with digestive enzymes breaks down carbs, lipids, proteins so it can be used
by the rest of the cell removes and breaks down old, worn out organelles
9. Vacuole : stores water, salt, protein and carbs10. Chloroplast: Contains Chlorophyll
Green pigment in plants ONLY in Plant cells
11. Mitochondria: uses energy from food to make energy compounds
Powerhouse of the cell found in ALL Eukaryotic cells Contains DNA from MOM.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- NO Ribosomes
Section 7-3
regulates what enters and leaves protects and supports Lipid Bilayer : double layered sheet that helps to create
a strong, flexible structure Protein Channel : helps to move material across the cell
membrane Carbohydrate Chains : act as ID cards
DiffusionCauses materials to move across the cell membrane from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration (“Passive Transport)
NO ENERGY NEEDEDStops when equilibrium is reached.
Osmosis: Diffusion of waterFacilitated Diffusion: molecules (Glucose) that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer pass through protein channels
NO ENERGY REQUIRED
Active Transport: Low concentration to High Concentration
ENERGY REQUIRED
Exocytosis: removal of material
High Concentration
High Concentration
Cell Membrane
Low Concentration
Low Concentration
Phagocytosis: Taking in material
Chapter 7-4Unicellular organism: A single celled organism
They grow, respond to their environment and reproduce Can be either Prokaryotic (No Nucleus) or Eukaryotic
(has a nucleus) Colonial Organism : live in groups (“Colony”)
o Example: bacteriaMulticellular organisms: Organisms with more than 1 cell
Example: Humans Specialized cells: Perform particular functions within the
organismo Example: red blood cells, nerve cells, skin cells,
etc.Levels of organization
Individual cells Tissue Organ Organ
System
