Chapter 7 Acid & Bases part 1
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Acid & Bases part 1
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7.1 ACIDS AND BASES
NURUL ASHIKIN BT ABD RAHMAN
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LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this lesson, students are able to: • State the meaning of acid, base and alkali.• State uses of acids, bases and alkalis in daily
life.• Explain the role of water in the formation of
hydrogen ions to show the properties of acids.• Explain the role of water in the formation of
hydroxide ions to show the properties of alkalis.• Describe chemical properties of acids and
alkalis.
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Meaning Of Acids, Base And Alkalis
ACID
Chemical compound that
ionises to produce H+ or H3O+ in water.
Ex: HCl H+ + Cl-
Chemical compound that
can neutralise an acid to form salt
and water.
Base + acidsalt + water
Ex: MgO, ZnO, NaOH, KOH
Bases that can dissolve in water to
produces hydroxide ion, OH-
Ex: NaOH (s) Na+ + OH-
BASE ALKALI
H2O H2O
Arrhenius’ definition:
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Role of water to shows properties of Acids
The properties of acid is due to the presenceOf hydrogen ions, H+ (aq)
Acid H+
Without water, acid will not behave as anacid.
H2O
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Role of water to shows properties of Alkali
The properties of alkali is due to the presenceOf hydroxide ions, OH- .
Alkali OH-
Without water, alkali will not behave as analkali.
H2O
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Properties Of Acids And Alkalis
• Sour taste• pH < 7• Turn blue litmus
paper to red• React with bases to
form salt & water
ACID ALKALI
• Bitter taste• pH > 7• Turn red litmus
paper to blue• React with bases to
form salt & water
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Chemical Properties Of Acids
ACIDWith metal
With base
With metal carbonates
Salt & Hydrogen gas
Ex: H2SO4 + Zn ZnSO4 +
H2
Salt & water
Ex: HCl + NaOH NaCl +
H2O
Salt, carbon dioxide gas & water
Ex: 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
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Chemical Properties Of Alkalis
ALKALIWith metal
ion
With acid
Heat with ammonium
salt
Metal hydroxide
Ex: Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
(precipitate)
Salt & water
Ex: HCl + NaOH NaCl +
H2O
Ammonia gas, water and salt
Ex: NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
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Uses Of Acid
H2SO4
Benzoic acid, ethanoic acid
Carbonic Acid
Nitric Acid, HCl
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Use Of Acids In Daily Life
HCl
H2SO4
HCOOH
To clean metals before electroplating.
To make paints, detergents, fertilizers, electrolyte.
To coagulate latex.
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Use Of Acids In Daily Life
Benzoic Acid
Ethanoicacid
Carbonic Acid
To preserve food
A component of vinegar
To make carbonated acid
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Uses Of Alkali
MgOH: neutralisesacids
NaOH
Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 : alkali neutralise excess acid in
our stomach
NH3 solution
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Use Of Bases In Daily Life
NH3
NaOH To make soap, detergents.
MgOH
To make Fertilizers, to keep latex in liquid form, as a sink cleaning agent.
To make toothpaste, gastric pills (antacids).
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7.1 : ASIDS AND BASESThe following is some information on magnesium hydroxide:
a) What is base?b) How is alkali different from a base?c) State three physical properties of an alkali.d) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the
reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium hydroxide is one of the ingredients found in toothpaste and potassium hydroxide is used as the
electroyte in alkaline batteries. Magnesium hydroxide is a base and potassium hydroxide is an alkaline.
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Answer:
What is base? A base is a substance that react with an acid to form salt
and water only. How is alkali different from a base? An alkali is a soluble base that forms a solution when
dissolved in water and ionises to produce hydroxide ions. State three physical properties of an alkali. Alkali is bitter. Slippery. Turn red litmus paper blue. Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction
between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide. Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
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THE END...