Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States
description
Transcript of Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States
![Page 1: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-
States
![Page 2: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. Historical OverviewBrainstorming: Who were the Mycenaeans
(1900-1100 BCE)
![Page 3: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1100-800 BCE
Dark AgesDorian invasions put an end to
Mycenaean dominationWriting (Linear B) disappearsIron age starts in Greece
1. Historical Overview
![Page 4: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Historical Overview
![Page 5: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Historical Overview800-479 BCE
Archaic PeriodMycenaean and Minoan
inheritance shows in Greek culture.
New values: formation of the Greek polis
479 BCE Final defeat of the Persian invaders
![Page 6: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. Geography
![Page 7: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Large rivers unifying the territoryRiver acting as an artery for communicationsFlat lands: easier to build roadsConcentration of population along the riverUnified politically
2. Geography of Egypt and Mesopotamia
![Page 8: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Geography of GreeceMountainous region/ Multitude of islands
![Page 9: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2. Geography of Greece
![Page 10: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Scattered population Isolated city-states (poleis) with different
political structuresSea as the main means for communication
and tradeSense of community and political federation
created by the Persian wars
2. Geography of Greece
![Page 11: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Political organizationThe polis:An urban and political entity.AcropolisAgoraWallsSurrounding land
![Page 12: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Political organizationArchia: Gk: rule,
governmentKratia: Gk: power,
governmentMonos: Gk: OneOligos: Gk: FewAristos: Gk: the bestDemos: Gk: people
1. Monarchy2. Oligarchy3. Tyranny4. Democracy
![Page 13: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1. Monarchy: Mycenaean (Agamemnon)2. Oligarchy: rule of the aristocracy
(landowners)3. Tyranny: reformers (Peisistratus)4. Democracy: Athens (Kleisthenes)
3-Political organization
![Page 14: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Causes of emigration:Growth of the population Scarcity of resourcesLack of political opportunity
Greek colonies: Magna Graecia (Southern Italy and Sicily), Southern France, Spain…Consequences: enrichment of middle classes
(businessmen) and push for democratization (against traditional landowners).
4. Period of colonization
![Page 15: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
4. Period of colonization
![Page 16: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
4. Period of colonization
![Page 17: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Magna GraeciaNaples (Nea-polis)SyracusePalermoMessina
4. Colonies in Southern ItalyGreek colonies
![Page 18: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pythagoras (Croton)Plato (Syracuse)Herodotus (Thurium)
4. Colonies in Southern ItalyDistinguished visitors
![Page 19: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
5. Sparta vs. AthensSpartaDorian settlementOligarchyMilitaristic societyStringent
immigration lawsWomen participated
somehow in the public sphere
AthensAeolic settlementRestricted
democracyCultural
achievementsWomen and
foreigners do not participate in civic life
![Page 20: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
6. Persian WarsCreated a sense of community between the Greeks.
Battles:490BCE Marathon480 BCE Thermopylae480 BCE Salamis
Persian Kings:Darius (522-486 BCE)Xerxes (486-465 BCE)
Persian archer (Persepolis)
![Page 21: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
6. Persian Wars: Persepolis
![Page 22: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Olympian deities:Polytheistic, anthropomorphic
Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis…
Chthonic deities: Fertility and agricultural gods.Demeter (Eleusis) and Dionysius (Dionysia)Mystery cults
7. Religion
![Page 23: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7. Religion
![Page 24: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7. Religion
![Page 25: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1. Greek population was divided by the geography of their land (islands, mountains) but united culturally and politically.
2. The Greeks colonized the south of Spain (Iberia) establishing prosperous cities there such as Syracuse, Palermo, and Messina.
3. The Phoenicians were a group of Greek colonizers who founded cities in the Southern Mediterranean (Carthage).
True/ False
![Page 26: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
5. The Persians’ cultural and technical advances as well as their political organization were very inferior to those of the Greeks.
6. All the inhabitants (legal residents) of Athens were allowed to participate in the political life of the city.
7. Herodotus was a Greek poet who wrote about the Persian wars.
True/ False
![Page 27: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Phoenician and Greek expansion
![Page 28: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Persian Empire
![Page 29: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7. Religion: Panhellenic gamesOlympia
Athletic competition In honor of Zeus Held every four years Cycle:
Olympic Games (Olympia) Pythian Games (Delphi) Nemean Games (Nemea) Isthmian Games (Corinth)
Contests: Stadion (200 yard race) Pentathlon (javelin, discus,
long jump, sprinting, wrestling)
Boxing
![Page 30: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
7. Panhellenic games: Olympia
![Page 31: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7. Panhellenic games: Olympia
![Page 32: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7. Panhellenic games: Olympia
![Page 33: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Temple of Zeus and sacred precinct
7. Panhellenic games: OlympiaStadion
![Page 34: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
8. Panhellenic sanctuaries: Delphi
Artistic and athletic competition (Pythian Games)
Origin: Apollo killed the snake (Python) that guarded the sanctuary.
Etymology: omphalos, navel of the earth (umbilical).
Oracle: Pythia
![Page 35: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
8. Panhellenic sanctuaries: Delphi
![Page 36: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Epic poetryOral tradition. Sang by a bardHomer (800 BCE)
Iliad: Trojan war (1250 BCE), the wrath of AchillesOdyssey: the return of Odysseus
9. Literature
![Page 37: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Lyric poetrySang with a lyreExpression of personal feelings
Sappho, Alcaeus: love, symposium, life and death.
Pindar: odes to victors in the athletic contests, everlasting fame.
HistoriographyFirst attempt to record events objectively:
Herodotus
9. Literature
![Page 38: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
10. Architecture
![Page 39: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
9. ArchitectureTemples in Doric styleColonnade winding all the way around an
inner cella.
Poseidonia. Temple of Hera II, 460 BCE
![Page 40: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
10. Sculpture
A B C D
![Page 41: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
10. Sculpture
2525 BCE 600 BCE 530 BCE 480 BCE
![Page 42: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Kouroi (Kouros)Nude male figuresInfluence of Egyptian art (rigid pose,
frontality)Apollos or memorial statuesEvolution toward more naturalisticStudy of the human body
10. Sculpture
![Page 43: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
10. Sculpture
![Page 44: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
10. Sculpture
![Page 45: Chapter 6: The Rise of the Greek City-States](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/56815dde550346895dcc0450/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Korai (Kore)Statues of females (dressed)PolychromicVotive statuesDressed with a peplos and later with chiton
(study of the folds)
10. Sculpture