Chapter 6 The Cloud · PDF file · 2014-07-226-42 PaaS Services at AllRoad...

The Cloud

Chapter 6

6-2

“No, I mean 25 cents an hour . . . and probably less.”

C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 5 P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c .

• Uses a traditional, third-party hosting organization whose servers

most certainly are not elastic.

• Web hosting costs rising rapidly.

• Lucas suggests provisioning Web servers and databases in the

cloud.

• Costs: $50/mo plus 25-cents per hour for processing time used.

• Need to store new, large 3D printing design files.

• Storage requirement depends on sales volume.

6-3

Study Questions

Q1: Why is the cloud the future for most organizations?

Q2: What network technology supports the cloud?

Q3: How does the cloud work?

Q4: How do organizations use the cloud?

Q5: How can AllRoad Parts use the cloud?

Q6: How can organizations use cloud services securely?

Q7: 2024?


6-4

Q1: Why Is the Cloud the Future for Most

Organizations?

• The cloud

– Elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the

Internet.

– Elastic

Leased computing resources quickly increased or

decreased dynamically, programmatically,

organizations only pay for resources used.

– Flexibility for unpredictable demand while limiting financial

risks.


6-5

Example of a Video Banner Ad Customer


6-6

Pooled

• Cloud resources are pooled

– Many different organizations share same physical

hardware through virtualization.

• Benefit from economies of scale

– Average cost of production decreases as size of

operation increases.

– Major cloud vendors operate enormous Web farms.


6-7

• Apple Data

Center in

Maiden, NC

Billion-dollar

facility contains

more than

500,000 sq ft


6-8

Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting?


6-9

Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting?

(cont'd)


6-10

Why Now?

• Been around since 1960s

– Time-sharing vendors provided slices of computer time on a

use-fee basis.

• Cloud-based hosting advantageous

– Cheap processors, data communication, data storage nearly

free.

– Virtualization technology enables near instantaneous creation

of new virtual machine.

– Internet-based standards enable cloud-hosting vendors to

provide flexible, standardized processing capabilities.


6-11

When Does the Cloud Not Make Sense?

• When, by law or standard industry practice, required to have

physical control over its data.

• Financial institution might be legally required to maintain

physical control over its data.


6-12

Ethics Guide: Cloudy Profit?

• Data broker (or data aggregator).

• Specializes in acquiring and analyzing market, buyer, and

seller data for real estate agents.

• Alliance transitioned data storage and processing from own

Web farm to the cloud.

• Improved speed and quality of data services at fraction of

prior costs, cut in-house hardware support staff by 65%.

• Plowing money back into R&D.


6-13

Q2: What Network Technology Supports the Cloud?


6-14

Typical Small

Office/Home

Office

(SOHO) LAN


6-15

LAN Protocol

•IEEE 802.3

– Wired LAN

– 10/100/1000 Mbps

– Ethernet

•IEEE 802.11

– Wireless LAN

– 802.11n

– Up to 600 Mbps

– Bluetooth


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

6-16

Abbreviations Used for Communications and

Computer Memory Speeds Differ.

• Communications equipment, k stands for 1,000, not 1,024

as it does for memory.

• M stands for 1,000,000, not 1,024 × 1,024.

• G stands for 1,000,000,000, not1,024 × 1,024 × 1,024. Thus,

100 Mbps is 100,000,000 bits per second.

• Communications speeds are expressed in bits, memory

sizes expressed in bytes.


6-17

Connecting Your LAN to the Internet

Important ISP functions:

1.Provide a legitimate Internet address.

2.Gateway to the Internet.

3.Pay for Internet by collecting money from customers and

paying access fees and other charges to telecoms.


6-18

Summary of LAN and WAN Networks


6-19

Q3: How Does the Cloud Work?

The cloud resides

in the Internet


6-20

TCP and IP Protocols

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

– Breaks traffic up into packets and send each one along.

• IP (Internet Protocol).

• Routers.


6-21

IP Addressing

Public IP Addresses

• Identifies particular device on public Internet.

• Public IP addresses unique, worldwide.

• Assignment controlled by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

Private IP Addresses

• Identifies particular device on a private network.


6-22

IP Addressing (cont'd)

Major benefits

• Public IP

– Devices on LAN share a public IP address.

• Private IP

– Need not register computer with ICANN-approved

agencies.

– Assignment controlled within the LAN.


6-23

Public IP Addresses and Domain Names

• IPv4

– Four decimal dotted notation like 165.193.123.253

• Domain name

– Worldwide-unique name affiliated with a public IP address.

– Affiliation of domain names with IP addresses is dynamic.

•URL (Uniform Resource Locator)


6-24

Domain Registrar Company


6-25

Sample of Commerce Server Pages; Product Offer

Pages


6-26

Three-tier Architecture


6-27

Watch the Three Tiers in Action! Sample of Commerce

Server Page

• Commerce server requests shoe’s data from

DBMS.

• DBMS reads from database then returns data to

commerce server.

• Server formats Web page with data and sends

html version of page to user’s computer.

• Customer places items in shopping cart.

• Customer checks out, commerce server

program processes payment, schedules

inventory processing, arranges shipping.


6-28

Approval Request Interactions Among Three

Departments


6-29

Services for the Credit Department Using SOA

Principles

• CheckCustomerCredit

– ApproveCustomerCredit

• For the Inventory Department

– VerifyInventoryAmount

– AllocateInventory

– ReleaseAllocatedInventory

• Each department formally states data that it expects to receive with the

request and data it promises to return in response. Every interaction is

done exactly the same way.


6-30

Services for the Credit Department Using SOA

Principles (cont'd)

• Requests emailed to a generic email address in Credit or

Inventory, and those departments decide who will process

the request and how it will be processed.

• SOA terms, work of the department encapsulated in the

department.


6-31

SOA for Three-tier Architecture

Services

• ObtainPartData

• ObtainPartImages

• ObtainPartQuantityOnHand

• OrderPart

• JavaScript written to

invoke these services

correctly.


6-32

Protocols Supporting Web Services


6-33

WSDL, SOAP, XML, and JSON


6-34

Example XML Document


6-35

Example JSON Document


6-36

Q4: How Do Organizations Use the Cloud?

Three Fundamental Cloud Types


6-37

Content Delivery Networks from Cloud Vendors

• Content delivery network (CDN)

– System of hardware and software stores user data in

many different geographical locations and makes data

available on demand.

– Provides specialized type of PaaS, but usually

considered in its own category.

– Minimize latency.

– Often used to store and deliver content seldom changes.


6-38

CDN Benefits


6-39

Server Locations for Amazon’s CloudFront


6-40

Web Services Principles Applied to Inventory

Applications


6-41

Q5: How Can AllRoad Parts Use the Cloud?

• Some SaaS products AllRoad could use

– Google Mail

– Google Drive

– Office 365

– Salesforce.com

– Microsoft CRM OnLine

– And many others


6-42

PaaS Services at AllRoad

• Lease EC2 (Elastic Cloud 2) from Amazon.com

– Amazon.com pre-install Linux or Windows Server on cloud

hardware.

– AllRoad installs own software.

– Could license a DBMS, say SQL Server from Microsoft, and place

on an EC2 Windows Server instance.

• Use Windows Servers with SQL Server already installed from Microsoft

Azure cloud offerings.

• Use a CDN to distribute content worldwide and respond to leads

generated from advertising.


6-43

Amazon DBMS products with EC2


6-44

IaaS Services at AllRoad

• Provides basic hardware in the cloud.

• Some companies acquire servers this way to load operating

systems on.

• Requires considerable technical expertise and management

not available in small company.

• Data storage services elastically available.


6-45

Q4: How Can Organizations Use Cloud Services

Securely?

Remote Access Using VPN: Actual Connections


6-46

Remote Access Using VPN: Apparent Connection


6-47

Private Cloud for Inventory and Other Applications


6-48

Accessing Private Cloud over a Virtual Private

Network


6-49

Using A Virtual Private Cloud

Subset of a

Public Cloud

With Highly

Restricted,

Secure Access


6-50

Using MIS Inclass 6: What, Exactly, Does That

Standard Mean ???

• ISO 27001 - What does it mean?

• What's purpose of this standard

• Does Microsoft Azure comply with ISO 27001?

• Does Amazon’s EC2 comply with ISO 27001?

• Is Microsoft in accordance with SAS 70?

• Is Amazon in accordance with SAS 70?


6-51

Q7: 2024

• Cloud services faster, more secure, easier to use, cheaper.

• Fewer organizations set up own computing infrastructure.

• More pooling of servers across organizations.

• More economies of scale achieved by cloud vendors.

• Individuals, small businesses, large organizations readily

obtain elastic resources at a very low cost.


6-52

Q7: 2024 (cont'd)

• Large server farms employing few employees reduces

number of small companies that install and maintain in-

house email exchange and other servers, and jobs.

• Cheap and elastic cloud services enable new small startups.

• Enable organizations to develop more information systems,

cheaply and quickly, and increase demand for employees

who know how to use and manage information systems.


6-53

Q7: 2024 (cont'd)

• Foster new categories of work.

• Mobile systems will be standard.

• More remote action systems

– Telediagnosis

– Telesurgery

– Telelaw enforcement

– Drones and other military equipment.

– Live remote digital broadcasting.


6-54

Security Guide: You Said What? About Me? In Class?

• Packet sniffing on networks, especially public wireless

networks, is always a possibility and can be done by people

outside the room that you don’t even see.

• Never send sensitive data except in an https or other

encrypted connection.

• Never send anything over a public network that you wouldn’t

be proud to have published the next day.


6-55

Guide: Is It Spying or Just Good Management

• 92% of employers monitor employees’ email, telephone, and

Internet use (2003) by using:

– Key loggers

– Log files

– Packet sniffers

– Text mining

• First Amendment preserves your free speech regarding

laws.


6-56

Active Review

Q1: Why is the cloud the future for most organizations?

Q2: What network technology supports the cloud?

Q3: How does the cloud work?

Q4: How do organizations use the cloud?

Q5: How can AllRoad Parts use the cloud?

Q6: How can organizations use cloud services securely?

Q7: 2024


6-57

Case Study 6: FinQloud Forever … Well, At Least For

The Required Interval …

• 1937, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) set out

rules that required securities brokers' records to be stored on

media that cannot be altered.

• 2003, SEC interpreted rule to enable storage of records on

read-write medium, provided it included software to prohibit

data alteration.


6-58

Components of the FinQloud System


6-59

FinQloud Forever … (cont'd)

• Excludes extrinsic controls--authentication, passwords, and

manual procedures because possible for such systems to

overwrite records.

• Meets requirements of SEC’s Rule17a-3) and similar rule set

out by Commodities Futures Trading Commission, when

properly configured.


Chapter 6 The Cloud · PDF file · 2014-07-226-42 PaaS Services at AllRoad...

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Transcript of Chapter 6 The Cloud · PDF file · 2014-07-226-42 PaaS Services at AllRoad...