Chapter 6. Social Issues and Environment

8/6/2019 Chapter 6. Social Issues and Environment

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Ch.6 Social Issues and

Environment

--JyotiJyoti JadhavJadhav


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From Sustainable to Unsustainable

development

The development without thinking about theill-affects on the biotic and abiotic factorsleads to unsustainability

E.g. Overuse of coal and oil may lead tototal loss of fossil fuels

Unless we find alternatives for the same,the future generation will have to survivewithout energy resources


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Sustainable Development

The sustainable development is a processThe sustainable development is a processof betterment of life, in all sectors ofof betterment of life, in all sectors of

society i.e. social, economic, educational,society i.e. social, economic, educational,health, national security, food andhealth, national security, food andeducationeducation


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Need for Sustainable Development

Almost all environmental problems are the results ofAlmost all environmental problems are the results ofunsustainable developmentunsustainable development

Overuse of natural resources leads toOveruse of natural resources leads to pollution,,

cutting of trees has createdcutting of trees has created global warming

Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest haveLaws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest havefailed to control environmental lossesfailed to control environmental losses

Only way is toOnly way is to accept the concept of sustainabledevelopment by making people aware about theby making people aware about theneeds and methods to control their demands andneeds and methods to control their demands andcontrol over the overuse of resourcescontrol over the overuse of resources


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Urban problems

related to Energy

Conservation of energy resources:Conservation of energy resources:

Causes of shortage of energy in IndiaCauses of shortage of energy in India Effects of shortage of energy in IndiaEffects of shortage of energy in India

Methods of conservation of energyMethods of conservation of energy


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Water Resources

Classification of water resources::

1.1. Surface waterSurface water

2.2. Water in the solid formWater in the solid form3.3. Water in the atmosphereWater in the atmosphere

4.4. Underground waterUnderground water


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Water utility

Consumptive use of water mainly forConsumptive use of water mainly forirrigationirrigation

NonNon--consumptive use of water for powerconsumptive use of water for powergeneration i.e. Hydel powergeneration i.e. Hydel power

Partially consumptive use for the publicPartially consumptive use for the publicuse and for industrial and thermal plantsuse and for industrial and thermal plants


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Uses of waterUses of water

1.1. Domestic useDomestic use

2.2. Manufacturing process and powerManufacturing process and power

generationgeneration3.3. Other usesOther uses


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Quality of waterQuality of water A. Physical parametersA. Physical parameters

1.1. ColorColor

2.2. Taste and odorTaste and odor

3.3. TemperatureTemperature

4.4. TurbidityTurbidity

B. Chemical parametersB. Chemical parameters

1.1. Total Dissolved solids (TDS)Total Dissolved solids (TDS)

2.2. pHpH

3.3. HardnessHardness

C. Biological parametersC. Biological parameters


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Means to rehabilitate the affectedMeans to rehabilitate the affected

peoplepeople Alternate land should be givenAlternate land should be given

Enough compensation must be givenEnough compensation must be given

Job for at least one person in the familyJob for at least one person in the family

Infrastructure must be developedInfrastructure must be developed

Arrangements before the launching of theArrangements before the launching of the

actual projectactual project It should be realized that theIt should be realized that the

psychological and cultural loss is neverpsychological and cultural loss is nevercompensatedcompensated


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Ethics and moral valuesEthics and moral values

Ethics is the set of beliefs about right andEthics is the set of beliefs about right andwrong behavior e.g. cheatingwrong behavior e.g. cheating

Environmental EthicsEnvironmental Ethics: It deals with: It deals withissues related to the rights of theissues related to the rights of theindividuals which are fundamental to lifeindividuals which are fundamental to lifeand its well beingand its well being


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Basic human values

Equality

Co-operation

Tolerance Truth

Justice

Excellence


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Acid rainsAcid rains

Main effects are due toMain effects are due to Nitric AcidNitric Acid andandSulfuric acidSulfuric acid

Effects:Effects:

1.1. Damages the vegetationDamages the vegetation2.2. Surface and ground water gets affectedSurface and ground water gets affected

3.3. Soil pH reduces to 3, affects fertilitySoil pH reduces to 3, affects fertility

4.4. Skin irritationSkin irritation5.5. Land and water ecosystem get affectedLand and water ecosystem get affected


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Measures to control Acid RainMeasures to control Acid Rain

Reduce emissions at the source itselfReduce emissions at the source itself

Use low sulphur coalUse low sulphur coal

Replace coal by natural gasReplace coal by natural gas


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Depletion of Ozone layerDepletion of Ozone layer

Main cause isMain cause is ChlorineChlorine

Effects:Effects:

1.1. Damages the plantsDamages the plants2.2. Causes cancerCauses cancer

3.3. Causes destruction oflifeCauses destruction oflife

4.4. Affects the naturalenvironmentAffects the naturalenvironment


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Measures to control depletion ofMeasures to control depletion of

OO33 Minimize the use of Fe and halogensMinimize the use of Fe and halogens

Use CFC free chemicalsUse CFC free chemicals

Reduced use ofAC s and refrigeratorsReduced use ofAC s and refrigerators


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Measures to control globalMeasures to control global

warmingwarming Check the overuse of carbon dioxideCheck the overuse of carbon dioxide

Use alternative sources of energyUse alternative sources of energy

Cut down the transmission losses ofCut down the transmission losses ofelectricityelectricity

Use public transportUse public transport

Clean Development Mechanisms inClean Development Mechanisms inindustriesindustries

Greenbelt around industriesGreenbelt around industries


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EPA 1986EPA 1986

Objectives:Objectives:

1.1. Protection and improvement of theProtection and improvement of the

environment i.e. air, water, soilenvironment i.e. air, water, soil2.2. Prevention of hazards to all living beingsPrevention of hazards to all living beings

i.e. plants, animals and human beingsi.e. plants, animals and human beings

3.3. Maintenance of the relationship betweenMaintenance of the relationship betweenthe human beings and the naturalthe human beings and the naturalenvironmentenvironment


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Penalties for Violation ofActPenalties for Violation ofAct

19861986 Imprisonment for a term which mayImprisonment for a term which may

extend up to five yearsextend up to five years

OrOr Fine which may extend up to Rs. 1 lakhFine which may extend up to Rs. 1 lakh

OrOr

Both of the aboveBoth of the above


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Air: Prevention and Control ofAir: Prevention and Control of

PollutionA

ct 1981PollutionA

ct 1981 Aims andAims and

objectives:objectives:

1.1. Prevention, controlPrevention, control

of air pollutionof air pollution2.2. Maintaining theMaintaining the

quality of airquality of air

3.3. Establishing of theEstablishing of the

Boards to preventBoards to preventand to control theand to control theair pollutionair pollution


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Water: Prevention and control ofWater: Prevention and control of

pollution act: 1974pollution act: 1974 Aims and objectives:Aims and objectives:

1.1. Prevention and control ofPrevention and control ofwater pollutionwater pollution

2.2. Maintaining and restoringMaintaining and restoringthe wholesomeness ofthe wholesomeness ofwaterwater

3.3. Establishment of Boards ofEstablishment of Boards ofprevention and control ofprevention and control ofwater pollutionwater pollution


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Penalties for violation of the act:Penalties for violation of the act:

Penalty is imprisonment for a period ofPenalty is imprisonment for a period ofthree months or a fine up to Rs. 10,000 orthree months or a fine up to Rs. 10,000 orbothboth


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Wildlife Protection Act 1972Wildlife Protection Act 1972

Aims and objectives:Aims and objectives:

1.1. Maintenance of theMaintenance of theessential ecologicalessential ecological

processes and lifeprocesses and life--supporting systemssupporting systems

2.2. Preservation of thePreservation of thebiodiversitybiodiversity

3.3. Protection andProtection andconservation of wildconservation of wild--lifelife


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Penalties for violationPenalties for violation

Imprisonment for three years or fine uptoImprisonment for three years or fine uptoRs. 23,000 or bothRs. 23,000 or both

License may get cancelledLicense may get cancelled


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Forest Conservation Act,1980Forest Conservation Act,1980

Aims and objectives:Aims and objectives:

To protect and conserve theTo protect and conserve theforestforest


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Penalties for violationPenalties for violation

Imprisonment for six months or more or aImprisonment for six months or more or afine ofRs. 500 or bothfine ofRs. 500 or both

For killing elephants imprisonment uptoFor killing elephants imprisonment uptosix months or fine upto Rs. 5000 or bothsix months or fine upto Rs. 5000 or both


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Causes of lack of environmental

awareness

Illiteracy and attitude

Lack of participation

Lack of information Partial information

secrecy


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Thank you!Thank you!

Chapter 6. Social Issues and Environment

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