Chapter 6, Section 3 Radical Days World History Woodridge High School September 20, 2013.
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Transcript of Chapter 6, Section 3 Radical Days World History Woodridge High School September 20, 2013.
Chapter 6, Section 3Radical Days
World History Woodridge High School
September 20, 2013
Radicals Abolished the Monarchy
– French losing battles to Prussians, Parisians • Stormed kings’ castle • Murdered his guards
– “September Massacres”• Citizens attacked prisons• Killed nobles & priests
Radicals Abolished the Monarchy – French Republic
• Monarchy abolished in 1792• Republic declared• Radicals took control of
National Assembly; new law making body was National Convention
• Suffrage (right to vote) given to all males; did not have to own land
• Jacobins controlled Convention– Seized control of nobles’
land– Did away w/ titles
Execution of the Monarchy
Louis XVI – January 1793 Marie Antoinette – October 1793
Committee of Public Safety
• Formed to deal with threats to France,
• 12 members & almost absolute power
• Required all citizens to contribute to war effort
• Young officers developed new & better battle methods– Over-ran Netherlands– Invaded Italy– Crushed peasant revolt
Robespierre• Robespierre battled counter-
revolutionaries within French government– Believed in general will of the people– Promoted religious toleration– Wanted to abolish slavery– As head of Comm. of Public Safety (1793-
94) & leader of Reign of Terror
• Short, quick trials– 40,000 died, 15% middle class; 70%
peasants & sans culottes– Guillotine used & became symbol of
horror– Members of Leg. Convention turned on
Comm. of Public Safety
• July 1794, Robespierre was arrested & executed– As a result, executions slowed down
Reaction to the Terror• 3rd constitution in France since 1789 – Constitution of 1795
• Five-man Directory• Two-house legislature elected by male citizens with property• Dominant force
– Middle class– Professionals of bourgeoisie
• Peace with– Prussia– Spain
• War continued w/– Britain– Austria
• Election of 1797 supporters of constitutional monarchy won most of the seats in legislature
Women & Revolution • Impact Revolution had on
Women & daily life– Working class women
• Protested & fought in street battles• Led by Jeanne Roland
– Olympe de Gouges Declaration of Rights of Women• Demanded equal rights for women• Opposed “Terror” & accused
Jacobins
– Women gained some rights (lost when Napoleon came to power)• Divorce made easier• Allowed to inherit property
Citizens, Nationalism, and Social Reforms
– “Citizen”• Now people of all classes• Clothing became more practical (no
more powdered wigs or ruffled shirts)
– Nationalism (strong feeling of pride for one’s country)• Spread throughout France• Civic festivals w/ dances & songs• “La Marseillaise” became national
anthem
– Social Reforms• State schools• Helped poor, soldiers & war widows• Abolished slavery in Caribbean
colonies• Religious toleration
• Jacques Louis David – artist who painted historical events