Chapter 6 – Section 1Chapter 6 – Section 1“Washington’s Presidency”“Washington’s Presidency”

WORKBOOK GUIDED READING -pg.25– Chapter 6 – Section 1

• USE your Book, Reading Notes, or ReRead

– Washington Heads the New Government• A. CHART

– GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION (1,2)– PHILOSOPHIES of GOVERNMENT (3,4,5,6)– PARTY POLITICS (7,8,9)

• B. DEFINE– Cabinet, Protective Tariff, Excise Tax, Republicans

NAMENAMEDateDatePeriodPeriod

QUIZ Chapter 6 – Section 2,3

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.X

1) Who is the called father of the Constitution?

2) What countries revolution will spark a war in Europe?

3) What treaty will open the lower Mississippi regions (AL,MS,KY)

4) What Battle in the Ohio Valley will settle native american issues that had existed since the end of the Revolutionary War.

5) What incident involved demands of a bribe of $250,000 from american delegates

6) What (2) Federalist laws allowed for people to be arrested/deported for their views

7) What 2 states passed resolutions stating they would NOT abide by those laws

8) Declaring them Unconstitutional

9) What incident involved John Adams appointing judges up until the “last minute” before his term ends as president

10) What president will purchase the Louisiana Territory from France.

X When Lewis & Clark are exploring this region, who is the young indian girl that help aid in their exploration.

1) Who is the called father of the Constitution?

2) What countries revolution will spark a war in Europe?

3) What treaty will open the lower Mississippi regions (AL,MS,KY)

4) What Battle in the Ohio Valley will settle native american issues that had existed since the end of the Revolutionary War.

5) What incident involved demands of a bribe of $250,000 from american delegates

6) What (2) Federalist laws allowed for people to be arrested/deported for their views

JAMES MADISON

FRANCE

Thomas Pinckney Treaty

Battle of Fallen Timbers

XYZ Affair

Alien & Sedition Acts

7) What 2 states passed resolutions stating they would NOT abide by those laws

8) Declaring them Unconstitutional

9) What incident involved John Adams appointing judges up until the “last minute” before his term ends as president

10) What president will purchase the Louisiana Territory from France.

X When Lewis & Clark are exploring this region, who is the young indian girl that help aid in their exploration.

Virginia

Kentucky

Midnight Judges

Thomas Jefferson

Sacajewa

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QUIZ Chapter 6 – Section 2,3

1. James Madison2. France3. Thomas Pinckney4. Battle of Fallen Timbers5. XYZ Affair6. Alien & Sedition Acts7. Virginia Resolutions8. Kentucky Resolutions9. Midnight Judges10. Thomas JeffersonX Sacajewa

OUTLINEOUTLINE Federalist - Anti (Leg) (Ex) (Jud) How Gov’t Works Federalist Era Washington’s Gov’t

– Cabinet– New Capital– Precedent set

Jefferson-Hamilton French Revolution

(U.S. attitudes)

Tariff / Whiskey Tax (Whiskey Rebellion) (John Jay’s Treaty)

John Adam’s Pres. French Revolution

XYZ Affair / Alien Sedition Acts Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Jefferson Pres Marbury v. Madison Louisiana Purchase Thomas Pinckney Treaty Embargo/ Impressment

1. Set up the federal court system; determined the number of judges on the Supreme Court; established federal circuit (3) and district courts (13); allowed state court decisions involving the federal Constitution to be “appealed” to a federal court.

2. The Departments of: State – Thomas Jefferson; War – Henry Knox; Treasury – Alexander Hamilton; Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

3. Distrusted centralized power; trusted the common people

4. Favored centralized power; distrusted the common people (unwashed masses)

5. believed it was unconstitutional

6. believed it would help to organize and stabilize the nation’s finances; believed it would tie wealthy investors and business people to the nation’s success

7. Republican

8. Federalist

9. he saw political parties as a danger to national unity and national safety

CABINET PROTECTIVE TARIFF

EXCISE TAX REPUBLICANS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

**

Jefferson

Hamilton

Know

Judicial Act of 1789

National Bank of US

Washington, DC

Whiskey Rebellion

French Revolution

XYZ Affair

Alien & Sedition Acts

NULLIFICATION

QUIZ NAME

10/1/08

6th period

““FEDERALIST ERA”FEDERALIST ERA”““A New A New Nation” Nation”

-Washington -Washington -Adams -Adams

From the RESEARCH TOPICS from FRIDAY Who was Washington’s Sec. of Treasury? What new tax was introduced to affect the frontier

farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains? What rebellion will be the 1st TEST of the new

Constitutional Government? What city will be built as a Compromise between

the northern and southern states? Which politician will express Loose views of

interpreting the Constitution? Which politician will express Strict views of

interpreting the Constitution? What did Washington ask us NOT to do in his

Farewell Address?

NAME 10/5/09 Period __

Answer These Questions ( 5 Minutes)Answer These Questions ( 5 Minutes)

Who was Washington’s Sec. of Treasury?

What new tax was introduced to affect the frontier farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains?

What rebellion will be the 1st TEST of the new Constitutional Government?

What city will be built as a Compromise between the northern and southern states?

Which politician will express Loose views of interpreting the Constitution?

Which politician will express Strict views of interpreting the Constitution?

What did Washington ask us NOT to do in his Farewell Address?

Hamilton

Excise Tax on Whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion

Washington, DC

Hamilton (Liberal)

Jefferson (Conservative

NO– Foreign Alliances– Political Parties

NAME 10/5/09 Period __

Answer These Questions ( 5 Minutes)Answer These Questions ( 5 Minutes)

RESEARCH TOPICS - Ch. 6 Sections 1 & 2 Washington’s Cabinet appointments (who) Federal Judiciary built and completed Judicial Review Hamilton’s financial system (National Bank) Development of American Party system

– Hamilton v. Jefferson VIEWS CHART Whiskey Rebellion Neutrality Proclamation Washington’s Farewell Address John Adams Presidency Thomas Pickney Treaty Sectionalism “XYZ” Affair Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Nullification and the States Rights Argument

““FEDERALIST ERA”FEDERALIST ERA”Ch.6 Ch.6 “A New “A New Nation” Nation”

The New GovernmentThe New Government George Washington –CREATES the MODEL Sets early “Precedents – Traditions”

– Oct. 3, 1789 Thanksgiving Proclamation – Thursday Nov. 26

• National Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving – Formal Ceremonies of President (WHY?)

Judiciary Act of 1789 – Section 25 /Fed. Appeal of State decision

Cabinet (Advise the Pres.) Thomas Jefferson - Sec. of State Alexander Hamilton - Sec. of Treasury Economic Issues (Hamilton)

– National Bank Debate

Huge War Debt – (federal gov’t will take over the states

war debts – South NOT pleased) New Capital Compromise (D.C. – South)

– Pierre L’Enfant / Benjamin Banneker Protective Tariff of 1789

– Tax on Imports / Protects US Jobs Whiskey Tax of 1791 (NW frontier) Whiskey Rebellion 1794 (1st test)

Will the Ex. Branch enforce the law? Washington “enforces” the law

(1st Test of the Constitution)

How do the 1st Political How do the 1st Political Parties Develop?Parties Develop?

Alexander Hamilton -Federalist

Rich,Educated -High voting stand.

Strong Central Gov -some restrictions -bigger gov’t

Trade, Manuf., etc.. Government Direct

-Gov’t aid -National Bank -Internal Taxes

Thomas Jefferson -Republican

Common people -low voting stand.

Weak Cent. Gov’t -individual rights -smaller gov’t

Agricultural Individuals Create

-NO gov’t aid -NO national bank -NO internal taxes

Loose Interpretation of Constitution (Liberal)

Bankers, merchants, professional people, wealthy farmers

New England & North Eastern States

Oppose French Revolution

should support England (War)

Strict Interpretation of Constitution (Conservative)

Artisans, craftsman, shopkeepers, small farmers, NW frontier settlers

South, New Frontier Territories (NW)

Support French Revolution

Should support France (War)

French Revolution (divided opinions) Federalist (oppose) Republican (support) Neutrality position (War – Fr./Eng.)

– Both England/France “Bullying us” Edmond Genet mission (France) John Jay’s Treaty – England

(Americans Object - angry) A. Hamilton - treason

Thomas Pinckney Treaty 1795– Spain opens Miss. River, lands: east of Mississippi

and Northern Florida (Alabama, Miss, Tenn. Ky)

Government takes new courseGovernment takes new course Washingtons’s Farewell Address

NO - Permanent Foreign Alliances - Political Parties

John Adams (2nd Pres) Federalist Sectionalism Grows (of the country)

– New England– North East– Northwest Frontier– South

Original 13 Colonies -New England -Middle -Southern

NATIONALISM Feelings & Sectionalism Growing -North East (NE, NY, NJ, Penn) -North West Frontier -South (New Territory)

Government takes new courseGovernment takes new course XYZ Affair (France)

– “any amount of money for war, but not one penny for tribute”

Federalist Policies QUESTIONED Alien & Sedition Acts (Anti-Republican) Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

– Thomas Jefferson / James Madison

NULLIFICATION THEORY – STATES can declares laws

UNCONSTITUTIONAL (IGNORE Federal Law)– hereby declare, that the acts aforesaid, are unconstitutional;

and that the necessary and proper measures will be taken by each, for co-operating with this state, in maintaining the Authorities, Rights, and Liberties, referred to the States respectively, or to the people.

Who Decides Who Decides Constitutional or Unconstitutional?Constitutional or Unconstitutional?

FEDERALIST Judicial Review SUPREME COURT

– Marbury v. Madison

Jeff. Republicans Nullification Theory STATES

– Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

John Marshall (Federalist)– Chief Justice of

Supreme Court– EXPANDS the power

of Federal Gov’t Jefferson (R)- Adams (F) Election (1800)

-Power is transferred w/o Fight (22ndnd Test Test)

Judiciary Act of 1801 - case of the “Midnight Judges” 1803 - Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review– Supreme Court Decided UNCONSTITUIONAL

Definition: First decision by the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional (1803).

At the very end of his term, President John Adams had made many federal appointments, including William Marbury as justice of the peace in D. C. Thomas Jefferson, the new president, refused to recognize the appointment of Marbury. The normal practice of making such appointments was to deliver a "commission," or notice, of appointment. This was normally done by the Secretary of State. Jefferson's Secretary of State at the time was James Madison. At the direction of Jefferson, Madison refused to deliver Marbury's commission. Marbury sued Madison, and the Supreme Court took the case. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote that the Judiciary Act of 1789, which spelled out the practice of delivering such commissions for judges and justices of the peace, was unconstitutional because it the gave the Supreme Court authority that was denied it by Article III of the Constitution. Thus, the Supreme Court said, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was illegal and not to be followed. This was the first time the Supreme Court struck down a law because it was unconstitutional. It was the beginning of the practice of "judicial review."

Remember where we were Remember where we were

“The NEW United States”“The NEW United States” (will we last as a country?) (will we last as a country?)Articles of Confederation

–PROBLEMS• Foreign Affairs

• Economic

• Political Unity

Articles of CONSTITUTION–Still have to fix these problems

Foreign– British refuse to leave

Great Lakes• We don’t

pay our debts– 1784 Spain closes

Mississippi River Economic

– HUGE DEBT ($160 million)

• Continental Congress borrowed from foreign nations

• Congress & States sell BONDS to pay for war

• States & Congress Printed money (worthless)

• No taxes, or tariffs to PAY Debts

– Debtors v. Lenders• High Taxes in states to

pay back Debts • Paper Currency

(print or not print more $)

Political– NO National Unity– States Interests 1st

over national interests/needs

– Small states v. Large states powers/fears

– NEW Northwest Lands (Who Gets What-How Much)

Federalist Era ( 1789 - 1801 )Federalist Era ( 1789 - 1801 )

FEDERAL ACHIEVEMENTSFEDERAL ACHIEVEMENTS Established Credit / National Economy Created Court system Showed government can enforce laws 3 “new” states admitted into the Union Kept nation out of war / foreign policy

“ “ THE BILL OF RIGHTS”THE BILL OF RIGHTS” 1st - Religious and Political Freedom1st - Religious and Political Freedom

– Worship (free exercise)– Speech– Press– Assemble / Petition

Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or of the right of the people peacably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

2nd - Right to Bear Arms2nd - Right to Bear Arms A well regulated militia being necessary to the

security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

“ “ THE BILL OF RIGHTS”THE BILL OF RIGHTS” 33rdrd Quartering Troops Quartering Troops No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any

house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be presented by law

44thth Search and Seizure Search and Seizure– Probable CauseProbable Cause

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

55thth - Rights of Accused Persons - Rights of Accused Persons– Testify against yourself – Double Jeopardy– Just Compensation (eminent domain)

DUE PROCESS of LAWDUE PROCESS of LAW No person shall be held to answer for a capital or

otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life and limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation

6th -Right to a Speedy, Public Trial6th -Right to a Speedy, Public Trial– Confront witnesses– Assistant of Counsel (lawyer)

All criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

77thth - Trial by Jury in Civil Cases - Trial by Jury in Civil Cases In suits at common law, where the value in

controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

88thth - Limits of Fines & Punishment - Limits of Fines & Punishment CRUEL & UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTCRUEL & UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT

– Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.

99thth - Rights of People - Rights of People – “source of power”

This enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

1010thth - Powers of States & People - Powers of States & People – -RESERVED POWERS

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people

ELASTIC CLAUSEELASTIC CLAUSE (Implied FEDERAL (Implied FEDERAL Powers)Powers)– To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for

carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by the Constitution in the government of the United States or in any department thereof.

Unit TestUnit TestWednesdayWednesday

Articles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention

Constitution and How the Government Works

The Federalist Era

SHORT ESSAY CHOICES for Unit 3 Explain the Checks & Balance System Explain How a Bill Becomes a Law Compare and Contrast the Political Views

of Alexander Hamilton – Thomas Jefferson Explain the Nullification Theory and the

Issue of States Rights v. Federal Power

REASONS FOR DOWNFALLREASONS FOR DOWNFALL Realization, they distrusted common

people Spread of Democratic Ideals opposition to economic ideas opposition to Pro-British foreign

policy bitter interparty rivalry between

John Adams & Alexander Hamilton opposition to Alien & Sedition Acts

Louisiana Purchase (Napoleon) Lewis & Clark (Sacajawea)

- North West Passage (rivers / trails) U.S.S. Chesapeake (British) incident

-EMBARGO / IMPRESSMENT 1808 - James Madison (Pres.)

NW Territories settlers expand Conflicts with Tribes “encouraged by the English”

Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison

WAR of 1812– Washington burned– Star Spangled Banner– BATTLE of NEW ORLEANS

(Andrew Jackson - War Hero) Treaty of Ghent

Draw a chart showing how each Draw a chart showing how each branch of government can branch of government can “Check” on the other branches.“Check” on the other branches.

ESSAY: ESSAY: Explain and discuss the Explain and discuss the differences between Hamilton differences between Hamilton and Jefferson’s political and Jefferson’s political views. What did these views. What did these differences lead to ?differences lead to ?

UNIT 4 ClassworkUNIT 4 Classwork Ch. 7 “Life in the New Nation” section 1 “Crossing the Appalachians”“Crossing the Appalachians”

READ pgs. 200 thru 205 ANSWER Objective Questions DEFINE Bold Terms “As You Read”

section 2 “Inventions & Innovations”“Inventions & Innovations” READ pgs. 207 thru 213 DEFINE Bold Terms “As You Read” COPY Chart on page 213

The Jefferson EraThe Jefferson Era 1800 - 18161800 - 1816

The Republicans Take Power

The Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Jefferson -Republican

Common people -low voting stand.

Weak Cent. Gov’t -individual rights -smaller gov’t

Agricultural -NO gov’t aid -NO national bank -NO internal taxes

Alexander Hamilton -Federalist

Rich,Educated -High voting stand.

Strong Central Gov -some restrictions -bigger gov’t

Trade, Manuf., etc.. -Gov’t aid -National Bank -Internal Taxes

Strict Construction (Conservative)

should support France

Artisans, shopkeepers,small farmers, frontier settlers

South, Frontier Territories

Loose Construction (Liberal)

should support England

Bankers, merchants, professional people, wealthy farmers

New England & North Eastern States