Chapter 6 Section 1 Pg.16 Industrialization Spreads
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Section 1 Pg.16 Industrialization Spreads
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Chapter 6 Section 1Pg.16
Industrialization Spreads
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Key factors for Industrialization
• Location/Geography• Natural resources• Large supply workers• Investors• Financial systems (banks, loans)• Political stability
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New Industrial Powers Emerge• European countries and the United States race to
industrialize.• They had more natural resources– Coal– Iron
• Germany and the U.S. become industrial powers
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Industrial Development in U.S.
• U.S. - same resources as Britain but more• Northeast industrializes first• Entrepreneurs eager to invest• Corporations - owned by
stockholders; goal is profit
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Continental Europe
• Germany – pockets of industrialization (spread out)• Railroads become key factor for
industrialization• Imported British equipment &
engineers (1830’s)• Children sent to British schools
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Technology and Industrial Growth
• Companies begin to hire chemists and engineers to create new products
• Steel production increases – American inventor Henry Bessemer
• Electric Power
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New Methods of production• Interchangable parts – Identical components that can be used in place
of one another– Simplified both the assembly and repair of
products
• Assembly line– Workers add parts to a product that moves
along a belt from one station to the next.– Faster, cheaper and more efficient production
of goods
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Transportation and Communication• Automobile – aka “Horseless Carriages”– Ford takes the lead in 1900’s – makes U.S. leader in
automobile industry• Airplanes – 1903– Orville and Wilbur Wright design first plane
• Telephone – 1901– Alexander Graham Bell (American) patented first
phone
The Wright 1903 Flyer
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Improvements in Hospitals• 1840’s – anesthetic is used to
relieve pain during surgery• Florence Nightingale improves
sanitation and hygiene.• Joseph Lister – discovered how
antiseptics prevented infection• Medicine Contributes to
population growth• improved nutrition, public
sanitation and medical advances
“The very first requirement in a hospital is that it
should do the sick no harm”
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City Life Changes• Skyscrapers are built for
businesses (American invention)
• Streets become cleaner• Urban renewal – rebuilding
of poor areas of a city.– Paved streets– Gas lamps, then electric lights
were used to illuminate streets
– Sewage systems were made• Slums remained– poorest families still forced to
live in over-crowded and poorly kept tenements
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A New Social Order
Upper middle class – wealthy business owners and old aristocrats
Middle Class – mid-level business people, doctors, and scientists – begins growing rapidly
Lower class – unskilled workers and peasants.
Strict rules of etiquette governed… How people dressed How to give dinner parties How to pay a social call When to write letters How long to morn relatives
cult of domesticity – Idealized women and the home Women seen as tender, self-
sacrificing caregiver Provides a good home
Three Social ClassesMiddle Class Tastes and Values
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Women’s Rights
Women want:Fairness in marriagedivorce,Property lawsTemperance lawsVoting rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. AnthonyAdvocated the end of slaveryEventually turned their
attention to women's rights.
Early Voices
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Social Darwinism & RacismSocial Darwinism
• Social thinkers applied Darwin's ideas to society
• “Survival of the Fittest”
• Only the strong are meant to lead
• The most industrialized and powerful countries are meant to control the world
Might = Right
Racism
• Unscientific belief that one racial group is superior to another
• People claimed that the success of western civilization was due to the supremacy of the white race.
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Freidrich: Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1810)
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Romanticism Defined
• Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment/Industrial Rev.• A movement in art and ideas• A turn from reason to emotion• Deep interest in feelings, nature,
gothic horror, folk traditions
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Freidrich: Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1810)
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Freidrich: Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon (1830-1835)
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Goya: The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters
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Goya
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Romantic Literature• Myths, legends, & Fairy Tales –Often dark; castles; nationalism–Grimm Brothers’ Fairy Tales
• Gothic Horror–supernatural, violent, emotional–Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
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Realism: a reaction to Romanticism
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Corot:
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Millet: The Gleaners
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Realism Defined• Represented in art and literature• Showed life as it is (Charles Dickens)• Interest in science and scientific
method–objective observation; reporting the
facts • Photography – captured the “real
world”
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Sixth-plate daguerreotype by Richard Lowe of Cheltenham1850’shttp://www.daguerre.org/gallery/hannavy/1han.html
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