Chapter 6Chapter 6

Muscular Muscular

SystemSystem

Types of MuscleTypes of Muscle

SkeletalSkeletal

SmoothSmooth

CardiacCardiac

QuestionsQuestions

Answer questions #1 and 2 on page Answer questions #1 and 2 on page 158 and #19 on page 158.158 and #19 on page 158.

FunctionsFunctions

MovementMovement

Posture (muscle tone)Posture (muscle tone)

Heat productionHeat production

MovementMovement

A. InvoluntaryA. Involuntary

(Smooth muscles and cardiac muscle) (Smooth muscles and cardiac muscle)

1.1. Found in digestive tract, blood Found in digestive tract, blood vessels, ureters, heartvessels, ureters, heart

2.2. No striations (stripes); appears No striations (stripes); appears smoothsmooth

3.3. Peristalsis (digestive tract)Peristalsis (digestive tract)

4.4. Intercalcated discs (heart)Intercalcated discs (heart)

MovementMovement

B. VoluntaryB. Voluntary

1.1. Found in skeletal systemFound in skeletal system

2.2. Skeletal muscle is stimulated by the Skeletal muscle is stimulated by the nervous system, moving two bones nervous system, moving two bones closer togethercloser together

3.3. The movement occurs at the jointThe movement occurs at the joint

Movement (cont)Movement (cont)

Muscles attach in groups to move Muscles attach in groups to move bones at the jointbones at the joint

Origin bone and insertion boneOrigin bone and insertion bone

Muscles move the insertion bone Muscles move the insertion bone toward the origin bonetoward the origin bone

I to OI to O

Insertion/origin exampleInsertion/origin exampleRemember; I to ORemember; I to OA muscle originates at a relatively stable part of A muscle originates at a relatively stable part of the skeleton (origin) and inserts at a skeletal part the skeleton (origin) and inserts at a skeletal part that is moved when the muscle contracts that is moved when the muscle contracts (insertion)(insertion)Biceps muscle;Biceps muscle;

Origin (stable) Head of humerusOrigin (stable) Head of humerus Insertion (mover) RadiusInsertion (mover) Radius

When biceps contracts (shortens)When biceps contracts (shortens) the radius moves toward the humerusthe radius moves toward the humerus TRY IT!!! TRY IT!!!

Muscular MovementMuscular MovementGenerally smooth and not jerkyGenerally smooth and not jerky

(muscles generally work in groups)(muscles generally work in groups)

Also controlled in the amount of Also controlled in the amount of movement (4 types of contraction)movement (4 types of contraction)Twitch,tetanic, isotonic, isometricTwitch,tetanic, isotonic, isometric

Controlled by the nervous systemControlled by the nervous system

Muscle GroupsMuscle GroupsPrime moverPrime mover

(main contracting muscle (main contracting muscle responsible for the movement)responsible for the movement)

SynergistSynergist

(other muscles that help produce the (other muscles that help produce the movement)movement)

AntagonistAntagonist

(relax during contraction)(relax during contraction)

ExampleExample

Group; biceps brachii, brachialis, and Group; biceps brachii, brachialis, and triceps brachiitriceps brachii

Function: bending and straightening the Function: bending and straightening the the forearm at the elbowthe forearm at the elbow

BENDING; prime: biceps brachiiBENDING; prime: biceps brachii

synergist: brachialissynergist: brachialis

antagonist: triceps antagonist: triceps

relaxes relaxes

Straightening of the ForearmStraightening of the Forearm

Same 3 muscles Same 3 muscles

Prime: tricepsPrime: triceps

Synergist: noneSynergist: none

Antagonist: biceps and brachialisAntagonist: biceps and brachialis

QuestionsQuestions

Answer questions #11-14 on page Answer questions #11-14 on page 158.158.

PosturePostureCounteracting the pull of gravityCounteracting the pull of gravity

Gravity tends to pull the trunk and head Gravity tends to pull the trunk and head down and forwarddown and forward

Tonic contractionsTonic contractions of back and neck of back and neck muscles hold the head and trunk erectmuscles hold the head and trunk erect

Good posture hold body parts in corect Good posture hold body parts in corect position/alignment which prevents stress position/alignment which prevents stress and injury to other parts/organsand injury to other parts/organs

Tonic ContractionsTonic Contractions

In the large muscle, a few fibers In the large muscle, a few fibers shorten at one timeshorten at one time

The muscle as a whole does not The muscle as a whole does not shortenshorten

No movement occursNo movement occurs

A pull against gravity (posture) does A pull against gravity (posture) does occuroccur

Heat ProductionHeat Production

Constant body temperatureConstant body temperature

Contraction of muscle fibers produces Contraction of muscle fibers produces most of our body heatmost of our body heat

QuestionsQuestions

What is a fever? Hypothermia?What is a fever? Hypothermia?

When are these useful? When can When are these useful? When can they be harmful?they be harmful?

Types of Skeketal Muscle Types of Skeketal Muscle ContractionContraction

TwitchTwitch

TetanicTetanic

IsotonicIsotonic

IsometricIsometric

DefinitionsDefinitions

Research each type of contraction on Research each type of contraction on page on page 164 in your textpage on page 164 in your text

Name two types of exercise that Name two types of exercise that would be isotonic and two isometricwould be isotonic and two isometric

What type of workout would best What type of workout would best benefit you and whybenefit you and why

Effects of ExerciseEffects of Exercise

Define the following:Define the following:

1.1. AtrophyAtrophy

2.2. HypertrophyHypertrophy

3.3. Strength trainingStrength training

4.4. Endurance trainingEndurance training

5.5. Aerobic trainingAerobic training

Write an Exercise PrescriptionWrite an Exercise PrescriptionWrite an exercise prescription for:Write an exercise prescription for:

1.1. A person who had a heart attackA person who had a heart attack2.2. A dancerA dancer3.3. A runnerA runner4.4. An elderly personAn elderly person (PICK ONE)(PICK ONE)Include type, duration and frequency Include type, duration and frequency

and benefitsand benefits

QuestionQuestionWhat other body system(s) assist in What other body system(s) assist in coordination of the muscular system?coordination of the muscular system?

Go on the internet and research one of the Go on the internet and research one of the following:following:

1.) myastenia gravis1.) myastenia gravis

2.) quadraplegia2.) quadraplegia

3.) muscle strain3.) muscle strain

4.) low back pain4.) low back pain

5.) muscular dystrophy 5.) muscular dystrophy

AssignmentAssignment

Define what occurs with this diseaseDefine what occurs with this disease

What are the symptomsWhat are the symptoms

What are the causesWhat are the causes

What is the treatmentWhat is the treatment

Is it preventableIs it preventable

Make this a typed word document to Make this a typed word document to hand in at the end of classhand in at the end of class