Chapter 6Chapter 6

Industrialization

1865 - 1901

Essential Question

• What impact did scientific discoveries and manufacturing processes have on the nature of work, the American Labor movement, and American businesses?

Standards• 11.1.5 Interpret the impact of change from workshop

to factory on workers’ lives, including the New Industrial Age from 1870-1900.

 • 11.1.0 Explain the transition of the United States from

an agrarian society to an industrial nation prior to World War I

• CCRS R 1.

• chapter 14 graphic and lecture notes.doc

Agenda• Bellringer: Vocabulary: Key Terms p 242

• Before: Time Line Discussion pages 240 & 241

• During: Column Notes: Inventions Promote Change p 242-245– Charting Graphic Organizer 245– Making Inferences, Hypothesizing and Analyzing

Effects p 245

• After: 3-2-1

Outcome

• Students will be able to explain how the abundance of natural resources, new recovery and refining methods, and new uses for them led to intensive industrialization.

• What is Industrialization?

• the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area

• Industrialization occurs when industry is introduced on a large scale to a region or country — for example, when an economy goes from being based on agriculture to being based on manufacturing and other industries.

Organizing Strategy – Causes of Industrialization

Abundance of raw materials

United Statesbecomes an

Industrial Nation

Production of oil

Population Increase

Free Enterprise System

New Inventions

Large Free Trade Area

Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization

• 1840, Abraham Gesner realized that kerosene could be used to light lamps and discovered how to distill it from oil or cold

• 1859, a retired railroad conductor Edwin L. Drake successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil

(Black Gold) near Titusville, Pennsylvania– As a result, drilling for oil below the earth’s surface became

practical. It was called Black Gold• Result was an oil boom in Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and

Indiana• Petroleum-refining industries grew up in Cleveland and

Pittsburgh

The Bessemer Steel Process• Another Natural Resource was abundant deposits of cal and

iron which could be turn into steel• The Bessemer process, developed independently by British

manufacturer Henry Bessemer developed a technique whereby air was injected into molten iron, which removed the carbon and transformed iron into steel

• In 1886, the Bessemer process was replaced by the open-hearth process that produced quality steel from scrap metal as well as raw materials

New Uses For Steel during the age of Industrialization

• Railroads became the biggest customers for steel

-Steel made innovative construction possible, such as major bridges and skyscrapers

– The first skyscraper with a steel frame was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago designed by William Le Baron Jenney

The Impact of Railroads On Industrialization

• Introduction: After the Civil War, the rapid construction of rail roads accelerated the nation’s industrialization and linked the country together. As railroads grew, their influence extended to every facet of American life. Identify the influence of railroads:

– The town of Pullman, IL – affected the personal lives of its citizens

– They determined the time standard of the country

– The unchecked power of railroads led to widespread abuses

– The abuses would spur citizens to demand and win federal regulation of the industry

Think Through History• How did the availability of raw material influence

industrialization?– Inexpensive, readily available raw materials

gave inventors and entrepreneurs the means they needed to develop and implement new products and methods

Inventions Promote Change

• Inventors changed the way people lived and worked– 1876, Thomas Alva Edison, Menlo Park, New Jersey,

perfected the incandescent light bulb– Edison also invented an entire system for producing and

distributing electrical power– George Westinghouse added innovations that made

electricity safer and less expensive

The impact of electricity on industrialization

• Changed the nature of business America– By 1880, electric power ran numerous machines from fans

to printing presses

– Increased the development of home appliances

– Electric steel cars made travel cheap and efficient, and promoted the outgrowth of cities

– Most importantly, electricity allowed manufacturers to locate their factories/plants where they wanted

The impact of electricity continued

• Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867• Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson

invented the telephone in 1876. This laid the groundwork for a worldwide communication network

• How did electricity change American life?– It changed the nature of business, made inventions of new

appliances possible, and helped cities and industries grow

Conclusion• What caused the explosion of inventions in the

late 19th century?– Development of natural resources and a growing

receptive market• How did new inventions affect the nation’s

workers?– new jobs and made factory work easier, but

contributed to a loss of workers’ self-esteem

Conclusion• Oil drill – initiated the oil boom• Bessemer steel process made steel production

cheaper and more efficient• Barbed wire and farm machines increased farmer’s

output• Light bulb made artificial light widely available• Telephone revolutionized communications

Review • Reasons for Industrialization

• A wealth of natural resources• An explosion of inventions• A growing urban population that provided markets for new

products • Oil drill – initiated the oil boom• Bessemer steel process made steel production cheaper and

more efficient• Barbed wire and farm machines increased farmer’s output• Light bulb made artificial light widely available• Telephone revolutionized communications

Transitional Page

Graphic Organizer and Lecture Notes

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