Chapter 6-GSM Frequency Planning.doc

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GSM Radio Network Planning and OptimizationChapter 6 GSM Frequency Planning

For internal ue only

Table of Contents

6!" O#er#iew!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!$ Frequency %i#iion and C&' Requirement!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!$!" Frequency %i#iion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!$!$ C&'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!( Frequency Planning Principle!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!) Normal Frequency Reue *echnology!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!)!" C&' under ) + ( Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!)!$ ",M-z .andwidth ) + ( Frequency Reue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!)!( "/M-z .andwidth ) + ( Frequency Reue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!)!) 6M-z .andwidth ) + ( Frequency Reue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!)!0 ) + ( Frequency Reue Concluion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0 1ggrei#e Frequency Reue *echnology!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0!" ( + ( Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0!$ $ + 6 Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0!( $ + ( Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0!) " + ( Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0!0 " + " Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!0!6 1 2 . Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!6 Concentric Cell *echnology!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!6!" Concept!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!6!$ General 3nderlay O#erlay!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!6!( 'ntelligent 3nderlay O#erlay!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!6!) Characteritic o4 Concentric Cell *echnology!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!5 Multiple Reue Pattern *echnology!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!5!" .aic Principle!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!5!$ MRP Sequence Grouping!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!5!( MRP Space Grouping!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!5!) Characteritic o4 MRP *echnology!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!5!0 Comparion etween MRP and " 7 ( Frequency Reue Pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6!8 Network Capacity Comparion!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

List of Figures

Figure 6-1'ntra94requency reue o4 the omni9directional ae tation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

Figure 6-2'ntra94requency inter4erence 4or the omni9directional ae tation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6

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Figure 6-3Normal ) + ( 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!",

Figure 6-4( + ( 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")

Figure 6-5$ + 6 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"6

Figure 6-6$ + ( 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"8

Figure 6-7" + ( 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$,

Figure 6-81 2 . 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$)

Figure 6-9Schematic diagram o4 concentric cell!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$0

Figure 6-10Structure o4 general underlay o#erlay!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$5

Figure 6-11Structure o4 intelligent underlay o#erlay!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$5

Figure 6-12:ayering aggrei#e 4requency reue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$/

Figure 6-13Frequency planning under MRP ;5!$M-z andwidth

Table 6-3Frequency planning under ) + ( 4requency reue pattern ;c

Table 6-5Frequency planning under $ + 6 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"5

Table 6-6Frequency planning under $ + ( 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"/

Table 6-7" 7 ( 4requency reue pace grouping ;a

Table 6-10" + ( 4requency equence grouping ;

Table 6-11Frequency planning under " + " 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$(

Table 6-12Frequency planning under 1 2 . 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$0

Table 6-13Channel numer grouping 4or 6M-z andwidth concentric cell ;a

Table 6-14Channel numer grouping 4or 6M-z andwidth concentric cell ;

Table 6-151 comparion etween G3O and '3O!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$/

Table 6-16Channel numer allocation 4or each layer!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(,

Table 6-17MRP equence grouping!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!((

Table 6-18Comparion o4 the network capacity under #ariou 4requency reue pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!!(6

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Chapter 6 !" Fre#uen$% &lanning

6'1 ()er)ie*

Frequency reource i carce 4or the moile communication= o how to ma+imize

the pectrum utilization ratio i a great concern 4or many carrier= equipment

pro#ider= and cholar! 1nd their reearch into thi prolem ha accelerated the

de#elopment o4 the communication technologie! .y now= the moile

communication ha e+perienced three phae> analog *1CS&1MPS=GSM&C%M1 'S/0= and ?C%M1&C%M1$,,,!

*he purpoe to enhance the pectrum utilization ratio i to e+pand the network

capacity aed on the limited pectrum reource while enuring the network

quality! '4 not conidering adding 4requencie to the network= you can e+pand the

capacity o4 a GSM network uing the two method! One i to increae the

numer o4 ae tation in the network@ the other i to ue the 4requency reue

technologie! *hi chapter mainly decrie the GSM 4requency reue

technologie= namely= 4requency planning technologie!

*o e+pand the network capacity= you mut reue the limited 4requency reource!*hough 4requency reue i ene4icial 4or network e+panion= it ring into

another prolem! *hat i= it deteriorate the con#eration quality! *he more

aggrei#e the 4requencie are reued= the greater the inter4erence will arie in

the network! *here4ore= how to eek a alance etween network capacity and

con#eration quality i a demanding tak in 4requency planning!

Currently= the ) + (= ( + (= $ + 6= " + (= " + "= MRP= and concentric circle are the

GSM 4requency technologie in common ue! For the ) + ( 4requency reue

pattern= the 4requency utilization ratio i relati#ely low= ut the higher carrier9to9

inter4erence ratio ;C&'< can e otained= o you can enAoy etter con#eration

quality! Compared with the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= the " + ( 4requency

reue pattern enure a relati#ely high 4requency utilization ratio= ut the reue

ditance i horter= o inter4erence i greater and the con#eration quality i

poorer! 'n thi cae= you hould take ome meaure= uch a the 4requency

hopping and %*7= againt the inter4erence!

*he 4requency planning i a key technology 4or GSM network= o the quality o4

the 4requency planning will determine the network quality!

*hi chapter introduce the rule o4 4requency reue aed on the 4requency

reue pattern and the network requirement! Meanwhile= it alo pro#ide

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e+ample to detail the 4requency di#iion= C&'= 4requency reue degree under

each reue pattern!

6'2 Fre#uen$% +i)ision an, C. /e#uireent

6'2'1 Fre#uen$% +i)ision

*he GSM cellular ytem can e di#ided into GSM /,,M-z ytem and %CS

"8,,M-z ytem in term o4 the and to e ued! *he carrier pacing i $,,

B-z!

.' !" 900"

't ha "$) channel numer! *he aolute radio 4requency channel numer

;1RFCN< i ""$)= and a protection and with $,, B-z in width i reer#ed atthe two end! 1ccording to the document precried y the relati#e go#ernment

department o4 China= China Moile ue the 8/,/,/&/(6/0)M-z and= and

the correponding 1RFCN i "/0 ;generally= the channel numer /0 i 4or

reer#ation only

4rom other countrie= they can e calculated y the 4ollowing 4ormula>

.ae tation reception> 4" ;n< D E8/,!$ 2 ;n "< + ,!$ M-z

.ae tation tranmit> 4$ ;n< D E4" ;n< 2 )0 M-z

..' +!C 1800"

't ha (5) channel numer! *he 1RFCN i 0"$880! *he relationhip etween

the 4requency and the channel numer ;n< are lited in the 4ollowing>

.ae tation reception> 4" ;n< D E"5",!$ 2 ;n 0"$< + ,!$ M-z

.ae tation tranmit> 4$ ;n< D E4";n< 2 /0 M-z

China Moile ue the "5","5$, M-z and= and the correponding 1RFCN i

0"$06"! China 3nicom ue the "5)0"500 M-z= and the correponding

1RFCN i 6855(6!

6'2'2 C.

C&' tand 4or carrier9to9inter4erence ratio! 'n the GSM ytem= 4requency reue

will caue intra94requency inter4erence! *he intra94requency i related to oth the

reue ditance and the cell radiu! -ereunder i an e+ample!

Figure "!"how the intra94requency reue o4 the omni9directional ae tation!

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Figure 1'1 'ntra94requency reue o4 the omni9directional ae tation

Suppoe that the co#erage radiu o4 all ae tation i the ame= the

relationhip o4 the intra94requency reue ditance ;%


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-ere= kI i the Bth inter4ering ignal! *hi equation can alo e e+preed a>

=

= k

i

r

kqIC

1

)(1

-ere=

kq i the intra94requency inter4erence attenuation 4actor o4 the B th intra9

4requency inter4erence cell!

r i the path lo lop according to actual geographical en#ironment! 'nmo#ing en#ironment= it range 4rom ( to 0! Generally= it i )!

1 hown in Figure "!$= 4or the omni9directional ae tation with regular

4requency reue= there are 6 intra94requency inter4erence ource at the 4irt

layer= namely= the 6 intra94requency reue cell in orange! *here are "$ intra9

4requency inter4erence ource at the econd layer= namely= the "$ intra9

4requency reue cell in yellow! -owe#er= the "$ intra94requency inter4erence

ource ha only a little e44ect on the 6 inter4erence ource at the 4irt layer= o it

can e neglected!

Figure 1'2 'ntra94requency inter4erence 4or the omni9directional ae tation

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'4 the radio propagation en#ironment etween the 6 intra94requency reue cell

and the er#ice cell i the keep tale= the 4ollowing three equation are

preent>

rqI

C

=

6

1

r

I

Cq

1

)6( =

6

rq

I

C=

.aed on the three equation= the relationhip etween the C&' and the numero4 the ae tation in the 4requency reue cluter can e e+preed y the

4ollowing equation>

6

)3( rN

I

C=

?hen the MS locate at the edge o4 the er#ice cell= it will recei#e the pooret

ignal 4orm the er#ice cell ut the tronget inter4ering ignal! 'n thi cae= the

needed C&' can e e+preed y the 4ollowing equation>

6

)1( rq

I

C

=

'4 the cellular layout i improperly deigned= the inter4ering ource will increae

and the C&' will decreae! 1ccording to the pre#iou equation= the more the cell

in each cluter= the greater the C&' and the etter the network quality are= ut the

4requency utilization ratio will e lower! 'n addition= the GSM inter4erence i

related to the tra44ic load! *he intra94requency inter4erence reache the greatet

when the tra44ic load reache the peak!

Generally= the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern i ued in GSM 4requency planning!

For the area where the tra44ic i great= you can ue other 4requency reue

pattern= uch a ( + ( and " + (! No matter which 4requency reue pattern you

take= you mut meet the requirement on inter4erence9to9protection ratio!

1part 4rom the intra94requency inter4erence caued y normal 4requency reue=

there are other anormal inter4erence! *hey are lited in the 4ollowing>

Multipath ignal inter4erence ;'t occur when ue4ul ignal 4all outide the

delay equalizer o4 the ytem!

TRX

ARFCNreuse

N

Nf =

-ere N1RFCN i the total numer o4 the a#ailale channel numer= and N*R7 i the

numer o4 *R7 con4igured 4or the cell!

For the n + m 4requency reue pattern= nH indicate the numer o4 the aetation in the reue cluter= and mH indicate the numer o4 the cell under

each ae tation! 'n thi cae= the 4requency reue degree can e e+preed y

the 4ollowing equation>

reusef D n + m

'n actual planning= howe#er= the allocated numer o4 channel numer will e

greater than n + m= o the actual reusef i uually greater than n + m! *here4ore=

the maller the reusef = the more aggrei#e the 4requency i reued and the

higher the 4requency utilization ratio i! 1 the aggrei#ene o4 the 4requency

reue grow= howe#er= it will ring greater inter4erence to the network! 'n thi

cae= you mut enale the technologie= including %*7 and power control= to

ol#e thi prolem! *he more aggrei#e the 4requency i reued= the lower the

pectrum utilization ratio i= ut the con#eration quality i etter at thi time!

*he purpoe the 4requency planning i to reach a alance etween the

4requency utilization ratio and the network capacity! .aed on the aurance o4

the network quality= you mut take meaure to ma+imize the network capacity!

'n the GSM ytem= the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern i in aic ue! -ere )H

indicate ) ae tation ;each ae tation conit o4 ( cell


10/37



the ( cell under the control o4 each ae tation! *here4ore= there are "$ ector

are a#ailale! 1nd the "$ ector make up o4 a 4requency reue cluter= ut the

4requency in the ame cluter cannot e reued!

For the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= the intra94requency pacing i great= o it

can meet GSM ytemI requirement on the intra94requency inter4erence

protection ratio and adAacent 4requency inter4erence protection ratio! 1 a reult=

thi 4requency reue pattern i good 4or the network quality and ecurity! 3nder

the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= the 4requency reue aggrei#ene i "$!

For the aggrei#e reue introduced hereunder= ecaue the .CC- play an

important role in the network and you cannot ue the apply the anti9inter4erence

meaure= uch a downlink power control and %*7= to the .CC-= you mut

apply the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern or looer reue pattern to the .CC-

carrier!

Figure "!"how the normal ) + ( 4requency reue pattern!

Figure 1'1 Normal ) + ( 4requency reue pattern

3nder thi 4requency reue pattern= N i )= o the 4ollowing equation i preent>

46.3433 == Nq

3nder thi 4requency reue pattern= each cell i a "$,J9directional cell! 1t thi

time= the numer o4 the inter4erence ource i reduced y $= ot the C&' in the

pooret condition can e e+preed y the 4ollowing equation>

dBqq

IC 20)7.0(

1/

44 =

++=

'n actual condition= ecaue the ae tation are irregularly ditriuted= the

antenna height i di44erent= and the e44ect 4rom the radio en#ironment= the C&'

cannot reach a o high #alue!

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6'4'2 10" an,*i,th 4 3 Fre#uen$% /euse

-ereunder are e#eral aumption>

*he a#ailale andwidth i ",M-z! *he channel numer i )0/)!

'4 the channel numer ranging 4rom 8"/) ;") channel numer in total

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Split a cell into maller cell! 1t preent= howe#er= the a#erage co#erage

radiu o4 the macro cell ae tation in uran area i already horter than

0,,m= o 4urther cell plitting will meet di44iculty in cot and technology!

3tilize new 4requency reource! For e+ample= you can employ the"8,,M-z and to etalih a %SC "8,,M-z network!

3nder the current /,,M-z network= ue more aggrei#e 4requency reue

technology to e+pand the network capacity!

1t preent= the aggrei#e 4requency reue technology work a the mot

economical and con#enient way to e+pand the network capacity= o it i alo the

mot popular with carrier!

*he typical 4requency reue technology include ( + (= $ + 6= $ + (= " + (= and " +

"!

6'5 ggressi)e Fre#uen$% /euse Te$hnolog%

6'5'1 3 3 Fre#uen$% /euse &attern

*he ( + ( 4requency reue pattern can e ued in the area with high tra44ic! *hat

i= three ae tation 4orm a group= and each ae tation ha three cell= o

there are / cell= which 4orm a 4requency reue cluter! -owe#er= the / cell ue

di44erent 4requencie! Compared with the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= the intra9

4requency reue ditance under the ( + ( 4requency reue pattern i mall= o

on9line inter4erence i greater!

Figure "!"how the ( + ( 4requency reue pattern!

Figure 1'1 ( + ( 4requency reue pattern

'4 the a#ailale andwidth i ",M-z and the channel numer are 4rom )0 to /)=

you can ue normal ) + ( 4requency reue pattern on .CC-! 'n thi cae= the

4requency range 4rom 8" to /)= o ") channel numer are a#ailale! For *C-=

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you can ue ( + ( 4requency reue pattern! 'n thi cae= the 4requency range

4rom )0 to 8,= o (6 channel numer are a#ailale!

For the 4requency planning under ( + ( 4requency reue pattern= ee *ale "!"!

Table 1'1 Frequency planning under ( + ( 4requency reue pattern

Frequency

group

numer

1 1 C1 2 2 C2 3 3 C3

Channel

numer o4

each

4requency

group

80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72

71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63

62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54

53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45

'4 ( + ( reuing the ",M-z and= you can con4igure the ma+imum ae tation

type a S0&0&0= and the 4requency reue degree i ",!

1ccording to pre#iou equation= ecaue the numer o4 ae tation i ( ;N D

(

radiu o4 the cell i )= the theoretical carrier9to9inter4erence ratio ;C&'< can e

e+preed y the 4ollowing equation>

dBq

IC 07.162

1/

4 =

=

'n actual condition= ecaue ae tation are irregularly ditriuted= the

antenna height #arie= and the e44ect 4rom the radio en#ironment= the #alue o4 C&'

can not e a high a "6!,5 d.!

?hen the andwidth i ",M-z= the ae tation type can e con4igured a

S0&0&0 under ( + ( 4requency reue pattern! For ) + ( 4requency reue pattern=

the ma+imum ae tation con4iguration type can only e con4igured a S)&)&)&!*here4ore= network capacity under ( + ( 4requency reue pattern i greater than

that under ) + ( 4requency reue pattern when the andwidth i the ame!

?hen the numer o4 ucrier in a network i not great= you can ue the ( + (

4requency reue pattern to eae the preure o4 network capacity! 'n actual

condition= howe#er= ecaue ae tation are irregularly ditriuted= the

antenna height i di44erent= and the co#erage area o4 each ae tation #arie=

the inter4erence in the network will increae! 'n thi cae= i4 you intend to otain

etter #oice quality= you mut take ome anti9inter4erence meaure= uch a

uing 4requency hopping and %*7!

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*he characteritic o4 the ( + ( 4requency reue pattern are a 4ollow>

*he adAutment 4or network tructure i unneceary!

*he 4requencie can e eaily grouped and the ytem capacity i great!

Compared with ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= ( + ( 4requency reue pattern

ring greater inter4erence= ut the o#erall inter4erence can e controlled to

a lower le#el!

'4 4requency hopping i ued= adequate andwidth i needed!

6'5'2 2 6 /euse &attern

*he $ + 6 4requency reue pattern i de#eloped 4rom the ) + ( 4requency reue

pattern! 3nder the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= you can add anther $ cell to

each ae tation= o $ ae tation ;each ae tation ha 6 6,9ectorized

cell< ha "$ cell= which 4orm a 4requency reue cluter! 'n thi cae= a

4requency reue cluter contain "$ 6,9ectorized cell= and thi i de4ined a $

+ 6 4requency reue pattern!

Figure "!"how the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern!

Figure 1'1 $ + 6 4requency reue pattern

3nder the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern= 45.2233 == Nq !

.ecaue each cell i 6,9directional cell under $ + 6 4requency reue pattern= the

inter4erence ource o4 each cell i reduced to " at the 4irt layer! 'n thi cae= the

theoretical C&' can e e+preed y the 4ollowing equation>

dBq

IC 6.151

/4 ==



17/37



'n actual condition= ecaue ae tation are irregularly ditriuted= the

antenna height i di44erent= and the e44ect 4rom radio en#ironment= the #alue o4

C&' cannot e a high a "0!6 d.!

'4 the a#ailale andwidth i ",M-z= the channel numer range 4rom )0 to /)=

you can alo ue $ + 6 4requency reued pattern! Conidering the characteritic

o4 the $ + 6 cellular tructure= you can alo ue the $ + 6 4requency reue 4or

.CC-! *he 4requencie are 4rom 8" to /)= ") channel numer in total= and the

other are *C- numer!

For the 4requency planning under $ + 6 4requency reue pattern= ee *ale "!"!

Table 1'1 Frequency planning under $ + 6 4requency reue pattern

Frequency

group

numer

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

Channel

numer o4

each

4requency

group

94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83

80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69

68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57

56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45

1 lited in thi tale= when allocating 4requency to the ae tation= you can

elect the 4requency according to the regularity o4 K1"= 1$= 1(= 1)= 1)= 16L and

K."= .$= .(= .)= .0= .6L! Note that intra94requency and neighor 4requency

cannot e preent within the ame cell and adAacent cell!

3nder the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern= you can enhance the ytem capacity

y adding new cell to the ae tation! Compared with ) + ( 4requency reue

pattern= the ma+imum ae tation type can e con4igured a S)&)&)&)&)&) under

$ + 6 4requency reue pattern= o the capacity o4 a ingle ae tation i twice

that o4 the ae tation under the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern!

3nder thi 4requency reue pattern= howe#er= the intra94requency reue ditance

i 4urther hortened= which increae network inter4erence greatly! 'n addition= a

the numer o4 cell increae= the requirement on the hal49power angle and

other antenna inde+e are higher! Moreo#er= you mut add antenna 4eeder to

the ytem i4 uing the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern= which ring great di44iculty

to proAect implementation! *here4ore= the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern i eldom

ued!

For the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern= the 4requency reue degree i "$!0! 1nd

it characteritic are lited in the 4ollowing>



18/37



*hrough add more cell to each ae tation= you can enhance the capacity

o4 the ae tation greatly!

*he antenna with maller hal49power angle and good per4ormance are

needed and the requirement on antenna and ae tation addre i trict! *he ignal radiated y antenna are more concentrated= which i good 4or

indoor co#erage!

*he .SS ytem mut upport 6 ector!

More antenna are needed under the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern than

that under ) + ( 4requency reue pattern= o you mut adAut and optimize

the planning 4or antenna ytem and 4requencie!

*he time o4 hando#er under the $ + 6 4requency reue pattern are more

than that under the ) + ( 4requency reue pattern!

*he intra94requency reue ditance i mall= o the inter4erence within the

network i great! *here4ore= you mut take anti94requency meaure= uch

a uing %*7 and 4requency hopping!


3nder $ + ( 4requency reue pattern= there are $ ae tation! ach one ha (

cell= o 6 cell 4orm a 4requency reue cluter! *he cell in the ame cluter ue

the di44erent 4requencie= and the cell in di44erent cluter ue the ame

4requency group! *hi i de4ined a the $ + ( 4requency reue pattern!

Figure "!"how the $ + ( 4requency reue pattern!

Figure 1'1 $ + ( 4requency reue pattern

3nder $ + ( 4requency reue pattern= each intra94requency cell i inter4ered y (

cell! .ecaue the numer o4 ae tation in each 4requency cluter i $ ;N D



19/37



$

45.22*33 === Nq

For regularly9arranged cell= the theoretical carrier9to9inter4erence ratio ;C&'< can

e e+preed y the 4ollowing equation>

dBq

IC 8.103

1/

4 =

=

#en i4 the cell are regularly arranged= howe#er= the #alue o4 C&' cannot meet

the requirement o4 the network! *here4ore= you mut take anti94requency

meaure= uch a 4requency hopping= power control= and %*7!

For ",M-z andwidth= the a#ailale channel numer are 4rom )0 to /)! '4 the

") channel numer ;8"9/)< are .CC- numer= and the other are *C-numer= the 4requencie are planned according to *ale "!" under $ + (

4requency reue pattern!

Table 1'1 Frequency planning under $ + ( 4requency reue pattern

Frequency group

numer

1 1 2 2 3 3

Channel numer

o4 each 4requency

group

80 79 78 77 76 75

74 73 72 71 70 69

68 67 66 65 64 63

62 61 60 59 58 57

56 55 54 53 52 51

50 49 48 47 46 45

ou can ue looer ) + ( 4requency reue pattern and allocate ") channel

numer 4or .CC-! '4 the andwidth i ",M-z= you can con4igure the ma+imumae tation type a S5&5&5 under the $ + ( 4requency reue pattern! 'n thi cae=

the 4requency reue degree i 5!")!

*he network capacity i great under the $ + ( 4requency reue pattern= ut mall

intra94requency reue ditance will caue great inter4erence! 'n addition= the cell

tra44ic cannot ",, reach the deignated #alue! 'n actual condition= there4ore=

you can ue the looer ) + ( 4requency reue pattern 4or .CC- and the $ + (

4requency reue pattern 4or *C-!

*he characteritic o4 the $ + ( 4requency reue pattern are lited elow>

6&$8&$,"6 1ll right reer#ed Page"/ o4 (5


20/37



*he network capacity i relati#ely great!

*he adAutment 4or the network tructure i unneceary!

*he network capacity can e e+panded without wide 4requency and!

Small intra94requency reue ditance will caue great inter4erence= o youmut take anti9inter4erence meaure to enure network quality!

Radio 4requency ;RF< hopping technology mut e ued to upport the

equipment!

*he antenna mut e directed to the ame direction a much a poile!


" + ( 4requency reue pattern i alo called 4ractional reue! For " + ( or " + "

4requency reue pattern= the reue ditance i quite mall= o the inter4erence in

the network i quite great! *here4ore= to a#oid 4requency colliion= you mut ueRF hopping technology and et the parameter= including M1 ;moile allocation

73.13 == Nq = and dB

q

IC 8.4

3

1/

4 =

=

!

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21/37



.ecaue the #alue o4 C&' here i 4ar lower than the protection #alue required y

the ytem= you mut take anti9inter4erence meaure= uch a 4requency

hopping= power control= and %*7= to enhance the #alue o4 C&'!

'4 the a#ailale andwidth i ",M-z= the a#ailale channel numer are 4rom )0

to /)! .ecaue RF hopping mut e ued under " + ( 4requency reue pattern=

conidering the importance o4 .CC-= you can ue ) + ( 4requency reue pattern

4or .CC- and " + ( 4requency reue pattern 4or *C-!

For .CC-= ") channel numer ;8"9/)< are a#ailale@ 4or *C-= (6 channel

numer ;)098,< are a#ailale!

*he channel numer ued 4or *C- are di#ided according to two way! *hey are

pace grouping and equence grouping! For the " + ( 4requency reue pacing

grouping= ee *ale "!"!

Table 1'1 " 7 ( 4requency reue pace grouping ;a ) ( 2 $ ( / )&)&( 0(!0 $"), "!8

5!$M-z ) ( "$ (&(&( ()!0 "(8, "

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37/37



( ( / )&)&) 6$ $)8, "!8

) ( 2 " ( 5!0 0&0&0 8"!/ ($56 $!(5

MRP;"$= /= 8= 5< / )&)&) 6$ $)8, "!8

$ 6 "$ (&(&(&$&$&$ 6,!" $),) "!5)

'3O> ) ( 2 $ ( / 0&0&0 8"!/ ($56 $!(5

/!6M-z ) ( "$ )&)&) 6$ $)8, "

( ( / 0&0&0 8"!/ ($56 "!($

) ( 2 " ( 5!0 5&5&5 "$(!6 )/)) "!//

MRP;"$=/=8=5=6=6< 8 6&6&6 ",)!" )"6) "!5,

$ 6 "$ )&)&)&)&)&) "$6 0,), $!,(

'3O> ) ( 2 $ ( / 5&5&5 "$(!6 )/)) "!//

Note:

#o$ % &.&2' a % &.&2( )rl.

Chapter 6-GSM Frequency Planning.doc

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Transcript of Chapter 6-GSM Frequency Planning.doc