Chapter 6 Gene Technology
description
Transcript of Chapter 6 Gene Technology
![Page 1: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter review…Chapter review…Gene technologyGene technology
DNA DNA recombinant recombinant technologytechnology
Genetic Genetic engineerinengineerin
gg
Gene Gene cloningcloning
toolstools
Target Target genegene
Cloning Cloning vectorvector
RestrictioRestriction enzymen enzyme
Modifying Modifying enzymeenzyme
Host cellHost cell Polymerase Polymerase chain chain
reactionreaction
methodsmethods
Gene Gene librarylibrary
Genomic Genomic librarylibrary
cDNA cDNA librarlibrar
yy
Application Application
TransgenTransgenic ic
organismorganismGenetically Genetically modified modified organismorganism
DNA DNA finger finger
printingprinting
EthicsEthics
![Page 3: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Explain Recombinant DNA Technology (genetic engineering)
Explain gene cloning and its application.
List the tools used in recombinant DNA technology.
Explain restriction enzyme
![Page 4: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Presents in a Presents in a chromosome cell chromosome cell and contains and contains genetic genetic information for all information for all living organisms.living organisms.
![Page 5: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The ability to The ability to take a specific take a specific genegene from one cell and place from one cell and place it into another cell where it it into another cell where it
is expressed @ is expressed @ the direct the direct manipulation of genes for manipulation of genes for
practical purposes.practical purposes.
![Page 7: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
New DNA New DNA made by made by
combining combining different DNA different DNA
piecespieces is is known as known as
recombinant recombinant DNA.DNA.
![Page 8: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The manipulation of living organisms of their components to produce
useful products.
![Page 9: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Used Used various techniquesvarious techniques to changed living to changed living organisms at the molecular organisms at the molecular level to produce/ provide level to produce/ provide good product and services. good product and services.
Often referred to as Often referred to as genetic engineering.genetic engineering.
![Page 10: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Special techniques produced Special techniques produced from genetic engineering from genetic engineering process.process.
Technology that produced any Technology that produced any DNA molecule made ‘in vitro’ DNA molecule made ‘in vitro’ with segments from different with segments from different sources/by combining genes sources/by combining genes from different organisms.from different organisms.
![Page 12: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A new field of biology - started A new field of biology - started in the mid 1970’s in the mid 1970’s
Permits the formation of new Permits the formation of new combinations of genescombinations of genes
By isolating genes from the By isolating genes from the organismsorganisms
And introducing them into And introducing them into either a similar or unrelated either a similar or unrelated organism.organism.
![Page 13: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
By this methodBy this methoda.a.foreign DNA may be insertedforeign DNA may be inserted not only in the simple single not only in the simple single cells of bacteria but also into cells of bacteria but also into cells from the bodies of cells from the bodies of complex organismscomplex organisms
b.b.once inside the cells, this once inside the cells, this foreign DNA foreign DNA may be may be expressed.expressed.
![Page 14: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
DNA cloning is DNA cloning is using the using the DNA manipulation DNA manipulation proceduresprocedures to produce to produce multiple multiple copiescopies of a single of a single genegene or segment of DNA. or segment of DNA.
![Page 16: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stages in gene cloningStages in gene cloning
Gene Gene preparationpreparation Vector Vector
insertioninsertion
Host cell Host cell transformationtransformation
Detection Detection of cloned of cloned
genegene
![Page 17: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Stages in gene Stages in gene cloningcloning
Gene Gene preparationpreparation
![Page 18: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Stages in gene Stages in gene cloningcloning
Vector Vector insertioninsertion
![Page 19: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stages in gene Stages in gene cloningcloning
Host cell Host cell transformationtransformation
![Page 20: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DNA DNA (gene) (gene) sourcesource
DNA DNA cloning cloning vectorvector
Restriction Restriction enzymeenzyme
DNA DNA ligaseligase
Host Host cellcell
![Page 22: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tools of DNA Tools of DNA Recombinant Recombinant TechnologyTechnology
Target Target genegene
Cloning Cloning vectorvector
RestrictioRestriction enzymen enzyme
Modifying Modifying enzymeenzyme
Host cellHost cell
Polymerase Polymerase chain chain reactionreaction
Chapter review…Chapter review…Gene technologyGene technology
TypesTypes
plasmiplasmidd
cosmidcosmidbacteriophagbacteriophagee
YACYAC
characteristiccharacteristicss
Types Types Palindromic Palindromic sequence sequence conceptconcept
DNA DNA ligaseligase
Taq Taq PolymeraPolymerasese
Types Types
EcoEcoRIRISmaSmaII
E. E. colicoli
characteristcharacteristicic
![Page 23: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Enzymes Enzymes for for cutting cutting DNA…DNA…
![Page 24: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Class of enzyme that recognizes specific base sequences of DNA and cut / cleaves the DNA molecular at that side.
Today, more than 800 different types known.
![Page 25: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
In natural, these enzymes protect In natural, these enzymes protect the bacteria against intruding the bacteria against intruding (interfering) DNA/RNA from (interfering) DNA/RNA from another organism like viruses.another organism like viruses.
The bacterial DNA was modified, The bacterial DNA was modified, so that it was immuned to its own so that it was immuned to its own restriction enzymerestriction enzyme
![Page 26: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Have ability to splice through DNA at specific sequence - different restriction enzyme cut a particular base sequences, called restriction sites.
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
![Page 27: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
This enzymes This enzymes recognizerecognize palindromic base sequences.base sequences.
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
![Page 29: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The base sequences of one strand reads the same as its
compliment strands
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
palindromepalindrome
![Page 30: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
palindromepalindromeSPELL THIS!SPELL THIS!
MM AA DD AA MM
![Page 31: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Example :Example :
Characteristics Characteristics
G A A T T CG A A T T C
C T T A A GC T T A A G5’5’
5’5’ 3’3’
3’3’
![Page 32: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RE hydrolyze the phophodiester backbone of each strand
Characteristics Characteristics
![Page 33: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
RE can produce two types of cutting pattern : sticky end (EcoRI) blunt end (SmaI)
Characteristics Characteristics
![Page 34: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Characteristics Characteristics
EcoEcoRI RI cutting cutting patternpattern
![Page 35: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Characteristics Characteristics
SmaSmaI I cutting cutting patternpattern
![Page 36: Chapter 6 Gene Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815d9e550346895dcbc58c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Types of RE