1789-1816

Chapter 6: Federalists and Republicans

Section One:

The New Government

The Bill of Rights was added in 179110 Amendments were added because of a

promise to anti-federalists to protect basic rights

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Fair Trials, etcThe 10th Amendment= whatever is not stated

in Constitution is power given to the states

First President

George WashingtonThe only President to

win by unanimous vote

Institutions of Power

President Washington established a Cabinet, an advisory team Secretary/Department of State Secretary/Department of Treasury Attorney General Secretary/Department of War

The judicial branch was organized, establishing the Supreme Court

Department of State

Thomas JeffersonDeals with matters of

foreign affairs

Department of the Treasury

Alexander HamiltonDeals with financial

and monetary matters of the country

Financing the Government was Top Priority

Needed REVENUE= Needed MONEYCreated the Tariff of 1789Supported by A. Hamilton

A Tariff is a tax on imported and/or exported goods Hurt the South the most

The Right to Borrow Money

Hamilton believed we needed to be able to borrow money to pay off the debt

Had Congress take on all debt from the war

Federal government created BONDS- paper notes promising to repay the debt in exchange for money

Opposition to Bonds

They were not worth their valueOpposition led by Madison Felt South was being hurt- they were losing

more money than the North through bondsFeared North would dominate the South

Another Compromise

Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton agreed on a plan

1. Madison and the South supported the plan2. The Capital was to be moved South from

New York (modern day Washington DC)

By moving Capital South, the South felt this would offset the economic and political advantages of the North

The Bank of the United States

Or B.U.S.Proposed by Hamilton- created by CongressB.U.S. would: 1. create a common currency2. promote trade3. encourage investment4. stimulate economic growth

Not Everyone Liked the B.U.S.

Again, South thought the North would benefit the most

James Madison thought it violated the Constitution- nowhere did it say the federal government could create a bank

Get on the B.U.S.

Washington signs the bill- lasts next 20 years Thought it did NOT violate the Constitution

Article I, Sec 8 federal government had power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper”

The Necessary and Proper Clause created IMPLIED POWERS-They are powers that you have because

it is necessary to do the job, but not stated in Constitution

The Whiskey Rebellion

Hamilton also believed in taxing the peopleHe taxed whiskeyEnraged Western farmersIn 1794, rebellion eruptedClaimed “taxation without representation”

Outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion

Washington ordered 15,000 troops to stop rebellion

They were, in fact representedThe use of force by government on its own

people worried some

Federalists Democratic-Republicans

Washington, Adams, Hamilton

Wanted to work on industrialization

Madison and JeffersonUsed to be anti-

federalists (Madison changes)

Also called RepublicansWill in the 1800s

become the Democratic party

Wanted to focus on agriculture (agrarianism)

A Change in Name

Section 2:

President Washington

First President of the United States

Set the precedence for only serving 2 terms

Remember to reference your Presidential Chart!!!

Major treaties Expansionism

Jay’s Treaty Regulated trade with

the British, appeared to be Pro-British

Pinckney’s Treaty Treaty with Spain Allowed US to use

Mississippi River

US was rapidly moving West towards Mississippi River

Needed to figure out plan with native populations….

During His Time and President

Washington’s Farewell Address

His warning was……

John Adams

Second President of the United States

The Election of 1800

Between Adams, Jefferson, Burr, Pinckney, and Jay

Came down to Adams and Jefferson, but no one had majority of electoral votes

It then goes to the House to vote- but they kept tying

Finally, Jefferson won- Adams was ashamed

The Revolution of 1800

Term coined by Thomas Jefferson

Replaced Federalist with Anti-Federalist ideas

Thought Washington and Adams were too much like royalty

Created a less formal presidency

Jefferson’s Presidency

Wanted: 1. smaller central government2. weaker central government3. to eliminate standing army4. to eliminate the whiskey tax5. Cut government spending

Role of Supreme Court Increases

First important court case: Marbury v. Madison

(1803)Established concept of

JUDICIAL REVIEW The power of the

judicial branch to review laws created/enforced by other branches

More Westward Expansion

Need more agricultural land to fulfill Jefferson’s agrarian society

Only could go west

The Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon wants to sell it to US- he needs the money

Jefferson wants to- but can he???

By doing so, he would violate his thoughts on government

At $15 million- he could not pass it up, so he executed the purchase

US doubled in size!

Exploring the West

Louis and ClarkWith the help of

Sacagawea, they make it all the way to Pacific Ocean

International Tensions

Problems with Britain Impressment- the British were kidnapping US sailors

at sea and forced them into military service Instead of going to war, Jefferson passes the Embargo

Act 1807 embargo-= ban on trade Did not work- war is looking possible

War of 1812

See additional papers for notes on this topic