Chapter 6: Equilibrium Review BINGO. Excise Tax A tax that is placed on items the government...
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Transcript of Chapter 6: Equilibrium Review BINGO. Excise Tax A tax that is placed on items the government...
Chapter 6: Equilibrium Review
BINGO
Excise Tax
A tax that is placed on items the government believes is “harmful” to people”
Example: Cigarettes & alcohol
Decrease in Demand
Regulation
• Government intervention in the MARKET
Subsidy
• Example: The government helps students pay for their school lunches.
Operating Costs
• Cost of operating a facility
Output
• QUANTITY PRODUCED
per (over)
TIME
Demand
• The amount a person is willing and able to BUY
Supply
• The amount a firm is willing and able to SELL
Supply schedule
Price Quantity
$1 1
$2 2
$3 3
$4 4
$5 5
Taxes
• One of the “T”s in Spent
• $.06 on a dollar
or
1/3 of your gross income.
Complement
• “You look good”
OR
+
Increase in Quantity Demanded
Inverse Relationship
• Variable move in Opposite direction
• (explains law of demand)
Price Floor
Price Ceiling
PYNTE
• Price of related goods
• Y income
• Number of demanders
• Taste
• Expectations
Minimum Wage
• An example of a price floor.
• The smallest amount a person can get paid
Input
• Example: wood
to make chairs
• Example: sauce
for pizza
Supply Curve
Profit
• Total Revenue
- Total costs
Necessity
• Something that you always need- no matter how much it costs
Supplier Input Costs
• Spent variable
of
“S”
Normal Good
• As your income increases, you demand more of this kind of product
• Example: Lobster, BMW
Ceteris Paribus
• A Latin phrase meaning- “all other things held constant”- except for PRICE
Variable Cost
• A cost that changes
Total Cost
• Fixed Cost + Variable Cost
Number of Demanders
•Pynte variable
of
“N”
Luxury
Market Demand Schedule
Price Quantity
$1 5000
$2 4000
$3 3000
$4 2000
$5 1000
Decrease in Supply
Spent
• Supplier Input Costs
• Price of related goods
• Expectations
• Number of suppliers
• T- 4 T’s (Tech, tampering, taxes, temp.)
Increase in Demand
Decrease in Quantity Demanded
Taste
“BIG hair” “Flat hair”
Out of style In style
Demand Curve
Decrease in Quantity Supplied
Substitute
OR
hamburger Hot dog
Increase in Quantity Supplied
Direct Relationship
• 2 variables move in the same direction
Price of Related Goods
OR OR
Another shirt Shirt pants
substitute complement
Market Supply Schedule
Price Quantity
$1 1000
$2 2000
$3 3000
$4 4000
$5 5000
Technology
• An improvement to a piece of machinery
• Example: A computer
Increase in Supply
Rent Control
• In New York, this is a common practice to eliminate rent prices getting to high for the “average” person to afford
Excess Demand
• Another name for a shortage
Equilibrium Price
$2
Equilibrium Quantity
20
Disequilibrium
Anything other then equilibrium
Excess Supply
• Another name for a surplus
Law of Demand
• As price increases, demand decreases.
• As price decreases, demand increases.
Number of Suppliers
• “N” in SPENT variables
• Amount of firms
Expectations
• SPENT & PYNTE variable “E”
• What will happen?
Law of Supply
• As price/output increases, supply increases
or
• As price/output decreases, supply decreases
Inferior Good
• As income increases, people demand LESS of a product
• Example: SPAM
Tampering
• A “T” in the SPENT variables
• Means government regulations
Temperature
• A “T” in the SPENT variables
• weather
Demand Schedule
Price Quantity
$1 5
$2 4
$3 3
$4 2
$5 1
Elastic
• Describes demand that is very sensitive to a change in price
Increasing Marginal Returns
• A level of production in which the marginal product of labor increases as the number of workers increases
Total Revenue
• Total amount a company brings in
COST
+ PROFIT
Decreasing Marginal Returns
• A level of production in which the marginal product of labor decrease as the number of workers increases
Income
• PYNTE variable
• “I” or “Y”
• The amount a person or household makes
Fixed Cost
• A cost that does not change
Marginal Cost
• The cost of producing 1 more unit of a product
Inelastic
• Describes demand that is NOT sensitive to a change in price