Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism

I) Laws of EnergyII)Basic Energy use by LifeIII)Enzymes

Many Types of Energy

Energy can be potential or kinetic

Two Laws of ThermodynamicsThermodynamics: study of energy

First Law: Conservation of Energy1. Cannot be created or deleted2. Can be changed from one form to another (transformed)

Second Law: Energy moves towards chaos (entropy).

1. If energy is not put into a system, the system disintegrates (becomes more chaotic).

2. Scientific name for chaos is entropy: how much energy in the system has lost its usefulness

Energy Flow For Life1. Energy is needed to keep complex life processes from

decaying.2. Life depends on the sun to add energy to life.3. Living organisms lose (waste) energy when they give off heat.

Activation Energy

ATP Cycle

Transition States

CofactorsIon Examples of enzymes containing this ion

Cupric Cytochrome oxidase

Ferrous or Ferric

CatalaseCytochrome(via Heme)NitrogenaseHydrogenase

MagnesiumGlucose 6-phosphatase

Hexokinase

Manganese Arginase

Molybdenum Nitrate reductase

Nickel Urease

Selenium Glutathione peroxidase

ZincAlcohol dehydrogenase

Carbonic anhydraseDNA polymerase

Feedback Inhibition