Chapter 6: Deviance
description
Transcript of Chapter 6: Deviance
The Real World
An Introduction to SociologyFourth Edition
Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein
Chapter 6: Deviance
• Deviance is a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group.
• Defining something as deviant requires us to examine the group norms and how the group reacts to the behavior.
Deviance: What Is It?
2
•What is deviant in one culture may not be deviant in another culture!
Deviance: What Is It? (cont’d.)
3
• Functionalism• Deviance serves a function in our
society.• According to Émile Durkheim,
deviance serves a positive social function by clarifying moral boundaries and promoting social cohesion.
Theories of Deviance
4
• Conflict theory• Deviance is a result of social
conflict.• In order for the powerful to
maintain their power, they marginalize and criminalize the people who threaten their power. Inequality is reproduced in the way deviance is defined.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
5
• Structural strain theory• Developed by Robert Merton• It states that there are goals in our
society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals. This creates stress (or strain) because people are aware of the goals but do not have the means to achieve them.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
6
• Merton’s typology of deviance (structural strain theory table)
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
13
Merton’s typology: Conformists
Conformists accept the goals of the society and the means of achieving those goals.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
8
Merton’s typology: Innovators
Innovators accept the goals of the society, but they look for new, or innovative, ways of achieving those goals.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
9
Merton’s typology: Ritualists
Ritualists aren’t interested in the goals of the society but they do accept the means of achieving those goals.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
10
Merton’s typology: Retreatists
Retreatists don’t accept the goals of the society or the means of achieving those goals.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
11
Merton’s typology: Rebels
Rebels don’t accept the goals of the society or the means of achieving those goals, so they create their own goals using new means.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
12
• Differential association• A symbolic interactionist
perspective developed by Edwin Sutherland
• States that we learn deviance from interacting with deviant peers
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
13
• Labeling theory• A symbolic interactionist
perspective developed by Howard Becker
• States that deviance is caused by external judgments (labels) that change a person’s self-concept and the way others respond to him or her
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
14
• Labeling theory• Becker suggests that “labeling” can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy—a prediction that causes itself to come true.
Theories of Deviance (cont’d.)
15
• Stigma• Term coined by Ervin Goffman • Describes any physical or
social attribute that devalues a person or group’s identity, and which may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction
Deviant Identities
16
• Passing• Sometimes stigmatized
individuals will try to pass as if they are part of the mainstream.
Deviant Identities (cont’d.)
17
• Crime• If a behavior is considered
deviant, it means that it violates the values and norms of a group, not that it is inherently wrong.
• However, research on deviance also includes crime.
Deviance and Crime
18
• Crime is the violation of a norm that has been codified into law.
Deviance and Crime (cont’d.)
19
• In the United States, serious crimes are punished by imprisonment.
• In other cultures, types of punishments can include: • Shunning• Banishment• Corporal punishment
Deviance and Crime (cont’d.)
20
• Crime and punishments can change over time!
Deviance and Crime (cont’d.)
21
• Deterrence: prevent crime by threatening harsh penalties
• Retribution: retaliate or take revenge for a crime that’s been committed
Control and Punishment
22
• Incapacitation: remove criminals from society by imprisoning them
• Rehabilitation: reform criminals so that they may reenter society
Control and Punishment (cont’d.)
23
• Positive deviance is defined as an act that is outside of the norm, but may actually be heroic rather than negative.
Can Deviance Be Positive?
24
Do you have any tattoos?a. yesb. no
Chapter 6: Participation Questions
25
Did your parents ever forbid you from seeing a particular friend because they thought he or she was a “bad influence” on you?
a. yesb. no
Chapter 6: Participation Questions
26
Have you ever been bullied (teased, harassed, threatened, or humiliated) in a face-to-face situation?
a. yesb. no
Chapter 6: Participation Questions
27
Have you ever been cyberbullied (teased, harassed, threatened or humiliated online, via text message or through email)?
a. yesb. no
Chapter 6: Participation Questions
28
Is it OK to break a law or rule if you feel like you’re doing the right thing? (For instance, you speed through a red light because you are rushing a sick friend to the hospital.)
a. yesb. no
Chapter 6: Participation Questions
29
© 2014 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
The Real World4th Edition
AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
Kerry Ferrisand
Jill Stein
This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for
Chapter 6
30