Chapter 6
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Transcript of Chapter 6
Chapter 6
E-Business Infrastructure Plan
Revised Date: 2/6/2012
Learning outcomes•Define the hardware and software technologies used
to build an e-business infrastructure within an organisation and with its partners
•Define the hardware and software requirements necessary to enable employee access to the Internet and hosting of e-commerce services.
What is e-Business infrastructure?•A system architecture that consists of:
▫ hardware,▫software, ▫content and ▫data used
•The purpose is to deliver e-business services to employees, customers and partners and other related stakeholders.
What is e-Business infrastructure?
• Typical problems▫ Web site communications too slow.▫ Web site not available.▫ Bugs on site through pages being unavailable or
information typed in forms not being executed.▫ Ordered products not delivered on time.▫ E-mails not replied to.▫ Customers’ privacy or trust is broken through security
problems such as credit cards being stolen or addresses sold to other companies.
What is e-Business infrastructure?
Figure 3.1 A five-layer model of e-business infrastructure
Management Issues
Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure
Management Issues
Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure (Continued)
What is the Internet?
“The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer”
-whatis.com
“A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions.
-webopedia.com
“is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons”
-FNC
What is the Internet?
Figure 3.2 Physical and network infrastructure components of the Internet(Levels IV and III in Figure 3.1)
What is the Internet?
• London Internet Exchange
•Located in Docklands area in East London
•Second large IX in Europe
What is the Internet?
• Malaysia and the Internet▫ Internet Usage Statistics:
13,528,200 Internet users as of Sept/2006, 47.8% of the population, according to M.C.M.C.
▫ Malaysia Internet Exchange (MyIX) Established in November, 2003 Launched on 15th December 2006 3 nodes connected in AIMS, NCC and TPM Jaring
What is the Internet?
•World Wide Web – standard method for exchanging information on the Internet
•Web browsers – a method of accessing and viewing information stored as web documents
•Web servers – store and present the web pages
Technology Evolution
Table 3.2 Six stages of advances in the dissemination of information
Technology Evolution
Clay tablets Guternberg Press
How big is the Internet?
•Over 1 billion Internet users worldwide•How big the infrastructure they accessing?
▫Measured by number of servers▫Number of pages indexed by search engines▫2006: 9 billion pages▫Dec 2010:????
Figure 3.4 The Netcraft index of number of serversSource: Netcraft Web Server Survey. http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web server survey.html. Netcraft, http://netcraft.com
Intranet and extranet
• Intranet:▫A private network within a single company using
Internet standards to enable employees to share information
•Extranet:▫Formed by extending an intranet beyond a company
to customers, suppliers and collaborators
Intranet and extranet
Figure 3.5 The relationship between intranets, extranets and the Internet
Intranet applications
•Used extensively for supporting sell-side e-commerce
•Also used for internal marketing communications, ex. Directories, staff bulletin, SOP, courses, etc.
•Marketing Intranet has a few advantages:▫Reduced product life cycle▫Reduce cost▫Better customer service▫Distribution of information
Intranet applications- example
Extranet applications- example•Used to provide
online services which are restricted to business customers
Extranet applications- example
Premier Dell.com
Extranet applications- Business benefits
• Information sharing•Cost reduction•Order processing and distribution•Customer service
Extranet applications-issues
•Questions on the extranet?
▫Are the levels of usage sufficient?▫Is it effective and efficient?▫Who has ownership of the extranet?▫What are the levels of service quality?▫Is the quality of information adequate?
Extranet application on global basis
Extranet applications on global basis
Extranet application-Firewalls
•A specialized software mounted on a separate server at the point where the company is connected to the Internet
•Use to protect information on the company
Extranet application-Firewalls
Figure 3.6 Firewall positions within the e-business infrastructure of theB2B company
World Wide Web
•A standard method for exchanging and publishing information on the Internet.
•Based on standard document formats such as HTML▫Offers hyperlink▫Supports a wide range of formatting▫Can integrate graphics and animations▫Make interactions possible
•Benefits:▫Easy to use▫Provide a graphical environment▫Standardization of tools and usages
WWW-How it works
Figure 3.7 Information exchange between a web browser and web server
Internet tools
• E-mail• Instant messaging (IM) and Internet Relay Chat (IRC)• Usenet newsgroups• FTP file transfer• Telnet• Blogs• RSS (Really Simple Syndication)• World Wide Web• IPTV• BitTorrent
Internet tools-RSS
• An Internet standard for publishing and exchanging content using XML
• Content can be published on a site that originates from another site
• New method of distributing messages to subscribers
Internet tools-Voice over IP (VOIP)
•Voice data is transferred across the Internet – it enables phone calls to be made over the Internet.▫Peer-to-peer▫Hosted service▫Complete replacement of all telephone systems▫Upgrading telephone systems▫Ex. Skype
URLs and Domain names
•URL- Uniform resource locaters.▫A web address used to locate a web page on a web
server.•Domain names
▫The name of the web server▫Usually indicate the company name and the extension
shows its type.▫Ex. www.uniten.edu.my What does it
mean?
URLS and domain names•Web addresses are structured in a standard way as
follows:▫http://www.domain-name.extension/filename.html▫What do the following extensions or global top level
domains stand for? Find out.... .com .co.uk, .uk.com .org or .org.uk .gov .edu, .ac.uk .int .net .biz .info .html
Web Presentation-HTML and XML•HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
▫A standard format used to define the text and layout of web pages. HTML files usually have the extension .HTML or .HTM.
•XML or eXtensible Markup Language ▫A standard for transferring structured data, unlike
HTML which is purely presentational. ▫Use to develop B2B integration system ex. Microsoft
BizTalk, Rosetta.net
Figure 3.9 Home page index.html for The B2B Company in a web browser showing HTML source in text editor
Web Presentation-HTML
Media standards• GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A graphics format and
compression algorithm best used for simple graphics• JPEG (Joint Photographics Experts Group) A graphics format
and compression algorithm best used for photographs • Streaming media. Sound and video that can be experienced
within a web browser before the whole clip is downloaded e.g. Real Networks .rm format
• Video standards include MPEG and .AVI• Sound standards include MP3 and WMA
Who controls the Internet?
• ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
•The Internet Society (www.isoc.org)•The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)•The World Wide Web Consortium (www.w3.org)•Telecommunications Information Networking
Architecture Consortium TINA-C
Managing e-business infrastructure• Layer II – Systems software
▫Standardization throughout organization▫Reduce number of contacts for support and
maintenance▫Reduce purchase price through multi-licenses
• Layer III – Transport or network▫Based on internal and external company network▫Issue: performed by the company or outsource
• Laver IV – Storage▫Based on company needs▫Who is in-charged
Figure 3.10 (a) Fragmented applications infrastructure, (b) integrated applications infrastructureSource: Adapted from Hasselbring (2000)
Managing e-business infrastructure
Figure 3.11 Differing use of applications at levels of management within companies
Managing e-business infrastructure
Figure 3.12 Elements of e-business infrastructure that require management
Managing e-business infrastructure
Internet service providers (ISP)
• ISP connection method•Speed of access•Availability•Service-level agreements•Security
New access devices
•Mobile access devices•Wi-Fi mobile access•Bluetooth•Next-generation mobile services• Interactive digital television•What else…. Your inputs…
Not considered as new any more…
Figure 3.13 Mobile access technologies
Access providers
Summary
•The e-Business infrastructure need to be well defined and understand to ensure the company aware of its importance and limitations.
•There are five generic layers of e-Business infrastructure that emphasize on different functions.
•The Internet technology also evolves and allowed various web based applications to be developed to support various business processes and needs.
Tutorial 6
1. Distinguish between Intranet, Extranet and Internet.
2. You are a consultant to a small enterprise that interested in setting up a transactional e-commerce site.
a. Create a summary guide for the company about the stages/levels that are necessary in the creation of a web site.
b. Discuss the management issues that may involved.
References
•Google Image, http://www.google.com accessed on 13 April 2011.
•Chaffey, D., (2007, 2009), E-Business and e-Commerce Management, 3rd and 4th Edition, Prentice Hall.
•Rosetta.Net, http://www.rosettanet.org.my/rnstd.asp assessed on 18.4.2011.
Mini case 1