Chapter 5 The Integumentary System HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry.
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Transcript of Chapter 5 The Integumentary System HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry.
![Page 1: Chapter 5 The Integumentary System HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfc21a28abf838ca51c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5 The Integumentary System
HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry
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Functions of Skin
• Protects from injuries
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Functions of Skin
• Protects from injuries• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves
body.
![Page 4: Chapter 5 The Integumentary System HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfc21a28abf838ca51c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Functions of Skin
• Protects from injuries• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves
body.• Regulates body temperature.
![Page 5: Chapter 5 The Integumentary System HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfc21a28abf838ca51c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Functions of Skin
• Protects from injuries• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves
body.• Regulates body temperature.• Synthesizes and stores vitamins.
![Page 6: Chapter 5 The Integumentary System HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/5697bfc21a28abf838ca51c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Functions of Skin
• Protects from injuries• Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves
body.• Regulates body temperature.• Synthesizes and stores vitamins.• Sensory functions
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Chapter 6 The Skeletal System
HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry
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Bone Formation and GrowthBone Formation and Growth
• The process of bone formation Most of the skeleton of the fetus begins
cartilage. Gradually the cartilage is replaced by
calcified bone matrix (endochondral ossification)
A few flat bones form by intramembranous ossification
A newborn’s skeleton has many bones that have not completely ossified.
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Longitudinal Section of a
Long Bone
Structure of Long Bones Structure of Long Bones Structure of Long Bones Structure of Long Bones
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Bone Formation and GrowthBone Formation and Growth
• The process of bone growth In long bones
Starts in the diaphysis (shaft) Then, the center of the (epiphysises) bone ends
• Epiphyseal plate• Epiphyseal line
• The process of “remodeling” Osteoblasts form new bone Osteoclasts resorb bone
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Microscopic Structure of BoneMicroscopic Structure of BoneMicroscopic Structure of BoneMicroscopic Structure of Bone
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Chapter 7 The Muscular System
HS 260 - Anatomy, Physiology and Chemistry
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Effects of Exercise
• Regular, properly practiced exercise improves muscle tone and posture
• Results in more efficient heart and lung functioning
• Reduces fatigue• Helps muscle tissue develop
• Helps maintain a healthy weight
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Effects of Exercise
• Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles Prolonged inactivity causes disuse, or
atrophy Regular exercise increases muscle size,
called hypertrophy
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Effects of Exercise
• Strength training: Exercise involving contractions of muscles against heavy resistance Increases number of myofilaments in
each muscle fiber Total mass of the muscle increases Does not increase the number of muscle
fibers•
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Effects of Exercise
• Endurance training: Exercise that increases a muscle’s ability to sustain moderate exercise over long periods Sometimes called aerobic training Allows more efficient delivery of oxygen
and nutrients to a muscle via increased blood flow
Increases the number of blood vessels in a muscle
Does not usually result in muscle hypertrophy
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Question
• Why do breathing and heart rate remain elevated after exercise stops?
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Answer
• Stored ATP is quickly depleted, and if oxygen supplies are not sufficient, muscle cells switch to energy conversion that does not require oxygen. However, this energy conversion produces lactic acid.
• The “oxygen debt” is paid when labored breathing and an increased heart rate are required to remove lactic acid and replace depleted energy reserves, even after exercise has ended.
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Question
• Why would a “physically fit” person return to normal breathing and heart rate levels more quickly than an unfit person?
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Answer
• Increased efficiency of the respiratory and circulatory systems
• An increase in the number of blood vessels in muscles
• More efficient delivery of oxygen and glucose to muscle fibers
• More oxygen is available = the less “oxygen debt” there will be in the muscles.