Chapter 5 Text Assignment WWII

Key points you should have…

TermsBlitzkrieg: lightening attack

Zombies: conscripted Canadians who never served overseas

Appeasement: the policy of agreeing to the demands of another in order to avoid conflict or hostility

Referendum: (plebiscite or vote) submitting an issue to a direct vote of the people

Terms

Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule of one country over another country or territory

Baby Boomers: people born between 1945 and 1965

Corvettes: small fast warships built to accompany merchant fleets/ convoys

1. How did Canadians react to the beginning of WWII? How was this different from WWI?

Reaction to WWII

Mood was somber

No slogans heralding glories of war

Realities of WWI were known

Canada waited a week after Britain as an act of sovereignty

2. How did technology change between WWI and WWII?

Technological changes:

Air power-bombings

Weapons of mass destruction now included the atomic bomb

WWII Bombers

Avro Lancaster MK-1

Hurricane Mk. XII for the RCAF

3. Explain Canada’s roles in both the air and the Atlantic.

Canada’s roles in the war in the Atlantic:

Defend Canadian coastline

Serve as protective escort for convoys crossing Atlantic

1943- RCAF bombers joined in the protection of convoys

3. Explain Canada’s roles in both the air and the Atlantic.

Canada’s contribution to the war in the air:

a) Running the British Commonwealth Air raining Plan (BCATP) from 1939-45 at over 200 sites across Canada

b) Provided air support during the Battle of Britain

c) Served in Allied Bomber Command and participated in the bombing of German cities

Dresden

•The bombing of Dresden in February 1945• One of the more controversial aspects of WWII•Many thousands of civilians in the firestorm that was created by the Allies.

4. How did the navy change between 1939-45?

Canada’s Navy

1939- 6 destroyers, 5 minesweepers, 2 training ships, 3500personnel

1945- 4th largest navy in the world

373 warships

100 000+ personnel

Canada’s Navy

Barracuda being moved between decks

Ice formed on deck from ocean spray

Anti-aircraft guns (Oerlikons) being fired

5. Who were the Merchant Marines and why are they called the unsung heroes of WWII?

The Merchant Marines were Canadian sailors who served on merchant vessels transporting supplies to the Allied forces

They were not given the same benefits as war veterans even though they had directly entered combat zones

6. What happened at Dieppe? Why? What was Canada’s involvement?

Dieppe was an attempted raid by Allied force on the coast of France in 1940Limited invasion by seaIntended to reduce pressure on Russia by diverting German forcesWas a disaster- “surprise” attack failed3500 Canadians attacked 900 died and 1900 became POWs, others wounded.

Dieppe

7. What was Operation Overlord? When and where did it happen? How successful was it? What was Canada’s role?

Operation Overlord (D-day, Normandy, Juno Beach)

Canada landed at Juno Beach

By day’s end had gained more ground than any other Allied division

Operation Overlord Clip

8. Read pg 62- Voices. What 2 agreements were reached? Explain what each was about.

Ogdensburg: agreement created a Permanent Joint Board of Defense to protect the northern half if the northern hemisphere

1941 Hyde Park Declaration established a plan for Canada and the USA to coordinate purchase of military arms and supplies

9. When and what was VE day?

V-E day

Victory in Europe

May 7, 1945

Germany surrendered (Japan did not)

VE Day Images

10. What happened to Canadians at the battle of Hong Kong?

Battle of Hong Kong

1900 Canadians were stationed here

lost after 3 weeks of fighting

Unprepared- untested soldiers

500+ died in battle or were in Japanese POW camps after this battle

POW Camps

11. How did WWII finally end in August of 1945?

WWII ended after the USA dropped 2 nuclear bombs called “little boy” and “fat man” on Japan

Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)- killed 90,000–166,000

Nagasaki (August 9th, 1945)- killed 60,000–80,000

Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945

Hiroshima

Little Boy

Nagasaki

Fat Man

12. Do you agree with the use of the atomic bomb to bring about a quick end to the war? Explain.

13. List the changes that occurred to the Canadian forces in WWII in relation to a) women b) African Canadians c) Aboriginals d) French Canadians.

Changes in Canadian forces:

Women were actively recruited for all branches of the armed forces but were not allowed to serve in direct combat (still paid less than men in the same roles).

African Canadians were now accepted into the military and were not segregated into non-combative battalions- integrated throughout military

Aboriginal Canadians had to have the permission of the Department of Indian Affairs in order to enlist. They were also required to give up their status as Aboriginals. 3000+ chose to sacrifice their status to fight.

French Canadians enlisted in greater number. 19% of the military.

14. What 4 economic policies did the Canadian government implement in order to avoid runaway inflation

4 economic policies:a) Wage and price controlsb) Rationingc) Increased taxationd) Policies to finance war

without massive borrowing from other nations

Ration cards

15. How did women benefit from economic changes during the war?

Women benefitted from economic changes during the war:

a) Secured jobs in traditionally male dominated occupations- earned twice that of women in traditionally female jobs

b) Minority women now had opportunities to work in factories alongside Caucasian women.

Factory, logging and shipyard Workers

16. Explain in some detail how PM MacKenzie- King handles the conscription crisis in WWII.

Prime Minister Mackenzie King and Conscription

a) 1940- National Resources Mobilization Act (single men 18-45 register for home defense)

b) 1942 Referendum to release government form promise of conscription if necessary

c) Asked for voluntary enlistments

d) 1944 mobilized Zombies and sent 13,000 overseas. 2500 reached battlefields.

Mackenzie- King’s Platform

“ Conscription if necessary, not necessarily conscription.”

17. Consider the situation for Japanese Canadians during WWII:When where and why were they put into camps? What did they lose beside their freedom? What happened in 1988? Do you think the government’s response (in 1988) was appropriate? Why or why not?

Japanese Canadians:The War Measures Act was again invokedAfter Pearl Harbor the Japanese became the primary target (blatant prejudice)22,000 Japanese Canadians were displaced from their homes and moved to internment camps/ labor camps in the BC interiorLost all possessions, homes, businesses, land.Government reneged on promise to return these possessions1988- apology from government and $21, 000 for each surviving internee

Japanese Internment

18. How did Canada deal with European Jews fleeing the Nazis before and during the war?

Canada’s response (or lack thereof) to European Jews:

a) Denied the entry request for 10,000 Jews to immigrate to Canada in 1938

b) Refused the refugee ship St. Louis safe harbor in 1939

c) Only admitted 5000 between 1939-1945 (one of the worst records worldwide)

19. What happened in 1947 to improve Canada’s nation status?

In 1947 Canada's nation status improved when the country secured a seat as an independent nation at the United Nations

It became the first Commonwealth Nation to define it’s citizens as Canadians first and British second

20. After 1945 what did the government do to ensure the prosperity created during wartime?

After 1945 to ensure continued the prosperity of wartime Canadians enjoyed new social programs such as:

a) Unemployment Insurance (now called EI)

b) Pensions

c) Family Allowance Benefits

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