Chapter 5. SPI 0807.5.5 Compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age....

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1. Uniformitarianism: geologic change happen through slow gradual processes.  Most geologic change 2. Catastrophism: geologic change occurs suddenly by catastrophes.  Asteroid, comets, earthquakes, volcanoes I can explain how fossils are used to interpret the past.

Transcript of Chapter 5. SPI 0807.5.5 Compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age....

Chapter 5 SPI Compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age. I can: Compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age. Identify types of fossils. Explain how fossils are used to interpret the past. Explain the geologic time scale. 1. Uniformitarianism: geologic change happen through slow gradual processes. Most geologic change 2. Catastrophism: geologic change occurs suddenly by catastrophes. Asteroid, comets, earthquakes, volcanoes I can explain how fossils are used to interpret the past. Examines the position within rock layers to estimate the age of an object. Look for key words such as before, after, older, younger Examples: Before the dinosaurs existed Older than my brother After the extinction of the dinosaurs Bottom layers: oldest Top layers: youngest I can compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age. Precisely measures the age of fossils or rocks in years. Examples: 5780 years ago Born in 1900 At the beginning of the Triassic period I can compare fossils found in sedimentary rock to determine their relative age. Fossil (#36): Remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geologic processes. 1. Fossils in rock: formed when organism dies and quickly covered by sediment. Hard parts of the organism are preserved Soft parts decay I can identify types of fossils. 2. Fossils in amber: entire organisms preserved inside hardened tree sap. Insect gets caught in sticky sap, and then hardens. Some of the best fossils. I can identify types of fossils. 3. Petrification: minerals replace the organisms tissues. I can identify types of fossils. 4. Fossils in asphalt Thick, sticky pools trap and preserve organisms. The La Brea asphalt deposits in Los Angeles, California have preserved organisms for at least 38,000 years. I can identify types of fossils. 5. Frozen Fossils In 1999, scientists removed a 20,000-year- old woolly mammoth that was frozen in the Siberian tundra. These mammoths became extinct about 10,000 years ago. Because cold temperatures slow down decay, the mammoth was almost perfectly preserved. I can identify types of fossils. Trace fossils: naturally preserved evidence of animal activity. Tracks Reveal size and speed of an animal. Burrows Preserved shelters. Coprolite Preserved animal dung. I can identify types of fossils. Molds: a cavity in rock where an organism was buried Sunk in/hole Cast: created when sediment fills a mold and becomes rock. Raised up I can identify types of fossils. Index fossils (#44): fossils of organisms that lived for a relatively short, well-defined geologic time span. Ammonites Marine mollusks similar to modern squid. Lived b/t 230 million and 208 million years ago I can identify types of fossils. Trilobites Closest living relative is the horseshoe crab Lived about 400 million years ago When scientists find fossils of trilobites anywhere on Earth, they assume the rock layers are also approximately 400 million years old I can identify types of fossils. Gives a rough sketch of the history of life on Earth. Organisms with hard body parts have left more fossils. Organisms that lived in areas that favored fossilization have left more fossils. I can explain how fossils are used to interpret the past. Show a history of environmental change. Marine fossils found on mountaintops in Canada means that these mountains formed at the bottom of the ocean. Detect the presence of ancient seas Reconstruct ancient coastlines Reconstruct past climates Determine relationships and similarities between fossils I can explain how fossils are used to interpret the past. Earth is about 4.6 billion years old. The Grand Canyon Colorado River has cut/eroded away nearly 2 km deep in some places. Represent almost half, nearly 2 billion years, of Earths history. I can explain the geologic time scale. Geologists divided Earths history into a scale with distinct sections of time. 1. Eons: largest division of geologic time Four eons: Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic 2. Eras: 2 nd largest division of geologic time 3. Periods: 3 rd largest division of geologic time 4. Epochs: 4 th largest division of geologic time I can explain the geologic time scale. 1. Paleozoic Era (Old Life) Marine life flourished, few land animals Land plants appeared By the end of the era, amphibians and reptiles lived on the land. Ended with the largest mass extinction(#33) in history 90% of all species became extinct I can explain the geologic time scale. 2. Mesozoic Era (Age of Reptiles) Dinosaurs dominated the land Small mammals Birds Ended with a mass extinction 15-20% of all species became extinct Possibly caused by global climate change I can explain the geologic time scale. 3. Cenozoic era (Age of Mammals) Mammals flourished Adaptations may have helped them survive the extinction of the dinosaurs caused by environmental changes. Regulate internal body temperature Develop young inside the mother I can explain the geologic time scale.