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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

The raw materials sweet potato flour, cake flour, sugar, baking powder, salt, egg,

milk and butter were subjected to the procedure stated in figure 3 and was subjected to

sensory evaluation.

As a result in color evaluation, formulation 1, 8, 10 and 13 got the highest mean. In

texture evaluation, formulation 12 got the highest mean. In taste / flavor evaluation,

formulation 1 and 8 got the highest mean. In tenderness evaluation, formulation 12 got the

highest mean. In odor / aroma evaluation, formulation 12 got the highest mean. In firmness

evaluation, formulation 8 and 9 got the highest mean.

With the use of the hedonic rating scale (HRS), it showed that formulation 12 is the

best sample that is most acceptable for the panelist.

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• It is also recommended to use other variety of sweet potato for further study on

optimization of sweet potato flour in muffin making.

• Decrease the level of Camote Flour to improve the Flavor of the product.

• Decrease the level of Cake Flour and Fat to improve the Tenderness of the product.

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CHAPTER VI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

6.1 Books

6.1.1Bender, Arnold. Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology, Butterworth

and Co. Ltd., 1995

6.1.2 Books, Grange. Inspired Baking, 1995

6.1.3 Charley, Helen. Food Science. John wiley and Sons. Inc., 1982

6.1.4 De Leon, Sonia. Basic Foods for Filipinos. Merriam and Webster Booksote,

Inc., 1999

6.1.5 Essential Cooking Series

6.1.6 Comprehensive, Step by Step Cooking

6.1.7 Guzman, Matilde. Introduction to Food Preparation. Merriam and Webster

Bookstore, Inc., 1985

6.1.8 L.S Collado, H.Corke. Philippine Journal Food Science and Tech.Vol 21, No.

2.1999.Functional Properties of SPF and Starch.

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6.2.2 Gaspar, Ma. Thelma; Galaro, Lolita C., and Mitra, Nelodina. Acceptability

Studies of Drop Cookies Prepared from composite Flour (Consisting of Soya and Sweet

Potato). 1993

6.3 Website

6.3.1 www.chinesefood.about.com

6.3.2 www.encyclopedia.com

6.3.3 www.fnri.dost.gov.ph

6.3.4 Encarta.msn.com

6.3.5 www.pccnaturalmarkets.com

6.3.6 www.wikipedia.com

http://www.chinesefood.about.com/

http://www.encyclopedia.com/

http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/

http://www.pccnaturalmarkets.com/

http://www.chinesefood.about.com/

http://www.encyclopedia.com/

http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/

http://www.pccnaturalmarkets.com/

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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX A

(Hedonic Rating Scale)

Score Sheet for ________________

Panelist Name: ____________________

Code No.: _______

Date: ___________________

Instruction: You are presented with a sample of _____________________. Please

evaluate the given sample/s according to the characteristics enumerated below. Place a

mark 9-like extremely, 8-like very much, 7-like moderately, 6-like slightly, 5-like nor

dislike, 4-dislike slightly, 3-dislike moderately, 2-dislike very much and 1-dislike

extremely which best describe the sample.

Code Color Texture Taste/Flavor

Tenderness Odor/Aroma

Firmness GeneralAcceptability

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APPENDIX B

(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)

Score Sheet for ________________

Panelist Name: ____________________

Code No.: _______

Date: ___________________

Instruction: You are presented with a sample of _____________________. Please

evaluate the given sample/s according to the characteristics enumerated below. Place a

mark line and coded sample/s number which best describe the sample.

Color

Pale Yellow Golden Yellow

Flavor

Weak Sweet Potato Strong Sweet Potato

Firmness

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APPENDIX C

Analysis of Variance on Color


a) C.F.= (1,244.7)² C.F= 10,328.5

(10)(15)

b) SSP = 156,818.6 – 10,328.5 SSP = 126.07

15

c) SSS = 103,609.4 – 10,328.5 SSS = 32.4410

d) TSS = 11,542.1 – 10,328.5 TSS = 1,213.6

e) ESS = 1,213.6– (126.07 + 32.44) ESS = 1,055.09

f) df for sample = 15-1 = 14 numerator (df1)

df for panelist = 10-1 = 9df for total = 150-1= 149

df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)

g) MS for samples = 32.44/14= 2.32MS for panelist = 126.07/9= 14.01

Ms for error = 1,055.09/126= 8.37

h) Fc or F value = 2.32/8.37= 0.28

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Analysis of Variance on Flavor


a) C.F.= (1,210.6)² C.F= 9,770.3

(10)(15)

b) SSP = 148,527.5 – 9,770.3 SSP = 131.53

15

c) SSS = 98,118.2 – 9,770.3 SSS = 41.52

10

d) TSS = 11,025.0 – 9,770.3 TSS = 1,254.7

e) ESS = 1,254.7 – (131.52 + 41.52) ESS = 1,081.65


df for panelist = 10-1 = 9

df for total = 150-1= 149df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)

g) MS for samples = 41.52/14= 2.97

MS for panelist = 131.53/9= 14.61Ms for error = 1,081.65/126= 8.58

h) Fc or F value = 2.97/8.58= 0.35

Source of variation Df SS MS Fc Ft

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Analysis of Variance on Firmness


a) C.F.= (1,289.9)² C.F= 11,092.3

(10)(15)

b) SSP = 116,800.2 – 11,092.3 SSP = 27.71

15

c) SSS = 111,748.2 – 11,092.3 SSS = 82.52

10

d) TSS = 12,560.0 – 11,092.3 TSS = 1,467.7

e) ESS = 1,467.7– (82.52 + 27.71) ESS = 1,357.47




g) MS for samples = 82.52/14 = 5.89

MS for panelist = 27.71/9 = 3.08Ms for error = 1,357.47/126 = 10.77

h) Fc or F value = 5.89/10.77 = 0.55


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Analysis of Variance on Odor / Aroma


a) C.F.= (1,212.2)² C.F= 9,796.2

(10)(15)

b) SSP = 147,658.0 – 9,796.2 SSP = 47.67

15

c) SSS = 98,160.4 – 9,796.2 SSS = 19.84

10

d) TSS = 10,865.9 – 9,796.2 TSS = 1,069.7

e) ESS =1,069.7 – (47.67 + 19.84) ESS = 1,002.19




g) MS for samples = 19.84/14 = 1.42

MS for panelist = 47.67/9 = 5.30Ms for error = 1,002.19/126 = 7.95

h) Fc or F value = 1.42/7.95= 0.18


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Analysis of Variance on Tenderness


a) C.F.= (1,209.9)² C.F= 9,759.1

(10)(15)

b) SSP = 148,105.0 – 9,759.1 SSP = 114.57

15

c) SSS = 97,799.6 – 9,759.1 SSS = 20.86

10

d) TSS = 12,070.7 – 9,759.1 TSS = 2,311.6

e) ESS = 2,311.6 – (114.57 + 20.86) ESS = 2,176.17




g) MS for samples = 20.86/14 = 1.49

MS for panelist = 114.57/9 = 12.73

Ms for error = 2,176.17/126 = 17.27

h) Fc or F value = 1.49/17.27= 0.09

S f i ti Df SS MS F Ft

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APPENDIX D


COLOR

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²1 7 6 7 6 8 7 7 8 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 10

4

6

.93

10, 816

2 6 6 6 7 7 5 6 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 97 6

.47

9, 409

3 6 7 6 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 7 98 6

.53

9, 604

4 8 6 7 6 7 7 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 5 5 97 6

.47

9, 409

5 8 8 6 7 6 7 8 8 6 7 7 7 8 8 7 10

8

7.2 11,664

6 7 7 6 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 7 10

1

6

.73

10,201

7 6 7 6 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 7 96 6.4 9,216

8 6 8 5 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 7 8 7 10

0

6

.67

10,000

9 8 6 7 7 7 7 5 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 5 97 6.47

9,409

10 8 8 6 5 5 5 7 8 8 7 8 7 7 6 5 10

1

6

.73

10,201

∑y 70 69 62 66 68 65 62 70 63 70 68 68 70 65 63 99

9

99,929

7.0 6.9 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.2 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.3

∑y² 4,90 4,76 3,84 4,35 4,62 4,22 3,84 4,90 3,96 4,90 4,62 4,62 4,90 4,22 3,96 66,665

113

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0 1 4 6 4 5 4 0 9 0 4 4 0 5 9

CF = 999 SSP = 99,929 SSS = 66,665

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 49 36 49 36 64 49 49 64 49 64 49 36 49 49 36

2 36 36 36 49 49 25 36 49 36 49 49 49 49 36 49

3 36 49 36 64 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 36 36 36 49

4 64 36 49 36 49 49 25 25 36 49 49 64 64 25 25

5 64 64 36 49 36 49 64 64 36 49 49 49 64 64 496 49 49 36 36 49 36 36 49 36 49 49 49 64 49 49

7 36 49 36 36 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 36 36 36 49

8 36 64 25 36 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 49 49 64 49

9 64 36 49 64 49 49 25 36 36 36 49 49 36 36 25

10 64 64 36 36 25 25 49 64 64 49 64 49 49 36 25

∑y 498 483 388 442 468 429 392 498 401 492 466 466 496 431 405

TSS = 6, 755

114

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TEXTURE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²

1 8 7 5 6 7 6 8 7 6 8 7 7 8 6 4 10

0

6

.67

1,000

2 7 6 6 6 7 8 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 7 5 96 6.4 9,216

3 7 5 7 7 8 9 8 8 9 9 8 8 8 6 6 113 7

.53

12,769

4 8 7 7 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 2 81 5.4 6,5615 6 6 5 6 7 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 7 6 10

1

6

.73

10,201

6 6 6 6 7 8 4 4 4 7 7 6 6 6 4 3 84 5.6 7,056

7 3 6 3 4 4 7 7 6 4 4 4 7 4 7 5 75 5 5,625

8 7 6 5 6 5 7 4 7 7 7 6 7 6 5 4 89 5

.93

7,921

9 7 6 6 7 5 5 4 7 6 5 8 8 8 5 4 91 6

.07

8,281

10 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 5 4 83 5

.53

6,889

∑y 66 61 56 60 62 59 59 64 64 66 66 68 61 58 43 91

3

75,519

6.6 6.1 5.6 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.1 5.8 4.3

∑y² 4,35

6

3,72

1

3,13

6

3,60

0

3,84

4

3,48

1

3,48

1

4,09

6

4,09

6

4,35

6

4,35

6

4,62

4

3,72

1

3,36

4

1,84

9

56,081

115

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CF = 913 SSP = 75,519 SSS = 56,081

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 64 49 25 36 49 36 64 49 36 64 49 49 64 36 16

2 49 36 36 36 49 64 36 36 36 49 49 36 36 49 25

3 49 25 49 49 64 81 81 64 81 81 64 64 64 36 36

4 64 49 49 36 36 1 36 36 36 36 36 36 4 36 4

5 36 36 25 36 49 64 64 64 64 49 49 36 36 49 366 36 36 36 49 64 16 49 16 49 49 36 36 36 16 9

7 9 36 9 16 16 49 16 36 16 16 16 49 16 49 25

8 49 36 25 36 25 49 49 49 49 49 36 49 36 25 16

9 49 36 36 49 25 25 36 49 36 25 64 64 64 25 16

10 49 36 36 25 25 16 25 25 25 36 49 49 49 25 16

∑y 454 375 326 368 402 401 377 424 428 454 448 468 405 346 199

TSS = 5,875

116

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TASTE / FLAVOR

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²

1 6 7 7 7 8 6 7 8 7 6 7 7 8 6 5 10

2

6.8 10,404

2 8 6 7 6 6 6 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 5 5 97 6

.47

9,409

3 6 7 4 8 6 5 7 8 6 6 5 7 6 6 8 95 6

.33

9,025

4 6 5 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 4 6 90 6 8,1005 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10

2

6.8 10,404

6 7 8 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10

3

6

.87

10,609

7 8 6 6 5 7 6 6 5 7 7 7 8 5 7 6 96 6.4 9,216

8 6 8 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 97 6

.47

9,409

9 7 8 5 5 7 7 6 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 94 6.27

8,836

10 7 8 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 6 6 8 6 6 10

1

6

.73

10,201

∑y 68 66 62 65 66 62 66 68 67 66 66 67 67 60 61 99

7

95,613

6.8 6.8 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.1

∑y² 4,62 4,35 3,84 4,22 4,35 3,84 4,35 4,62 4,48 4,35 4,35 4,48 4,48 3,60 3,72 63,729

117

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4 6 4 5 6 4 6 4 9 6 6 9 9 0 1

CF = 997 SSP = 95,613 SSS = 63,729

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 36 49 49 49 64 36 49 64 49 36 49 49 64 36 25

2 49 36 49 36 36 36 64 49 49 36 49 36 49 25 25

3 36 49 16 64 36 25 49 64 36 36 25 49 36 36 64

4 36 25 36 49 36 36 36 36 36 36 49 49 36 16 365 49 49 49 49 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 25

6 49 64 49 49 36 36 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49

7 64 36 36 25 49 36 36 25 49 49 49 64 25 49 36

8 36 36 36 49 49 36 36 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 49

9 49 36 25 25 49 49 36 49 49 49 36 36 36 36 36

10 49 64 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 64 36 36 64 36 36

∑y 453 444 394 431 440 388 440 470 451 440 440 453 457 368 381

TSS = 6,450

118

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TENDERNESS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²

1 5 4 4 4 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 7 6 8 5 91 6

.33

8,281

2 5 6 6 7 5 5 7 8 6 7 4 5 6 4 4 85 5

.67

7,225

3 6 7 7 5 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 5 5 91 6

.33

8,281

4 3 6 4 6 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 7 4 2 1 48 3.2 2,304

5 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 1 7 7 7 7 6 94 6

.27

8,836

6 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10

7

7

.13

11,449

7 6 7 6 6 8 8 6 5 6 8 8 7 7 8 8 10

4

6

.93

10,816

8 6 5 4 5 7 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 7 8 7 99 6.6 9,8019 6 6 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 6 99 6.6 9,801

10 7 7 6 6 6 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 7 2 10

1

6

.73

10,201

∑y 56 61 56 61 63 63 62 64 63 61 63 67 65 63 51 91

9

86,995

5.6 6.1 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.3 5.1

∑y² 3,13 3,72 3,13 3,72 3,93 3,96 3,84 4,09 3,96 3,72 3,96 4,48 4,22 3,96 2,60 56,535

119

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6 1 6 1 9 9 4 6 9 1 9 9 5 9 1

CF = 919 SSP = 86,995 SSS = 56,535

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 25 16 16 16 49 36 36 49 49 49 64 49 36 64 25

2 25 36 36 49 25 25 49 64 36 49 16 25 36 16 16

3 36 49 49 25 36 36 49 36 36 36 36 36 49 25 25

4 9 36 16 36 9 4 1 4 9 9 1 49 16 4 15 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 36 49 1 49 49 49 49 36

6 49 49 49 64 49 49 49 64 49 49 49 49 49 49 49

7 36 49 36 36 64 64 36 25 36 64 64 49 49 64 64

8 16 25 16 25 49 49 64 49 49 49 64 64 49 64 49

9 36 36 36 49 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 36 49 49 36

10 49 49 36 36 36 64 64 64 49 64 49 49 49 49 4

∑y 330 381 326 385 415 425 420 440 411 419 441 455 431 433 305

TSS = 6,017

120

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ODOR / AROMA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²

1 6 7 5 7 7 6 7 7 6 8 6 8 7 6 6 99 6.6 9,801

2 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 6 98 6

.53

9,604

3 5 5 5 5 7 7 6 7 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 83 5

.53

6,889

4 4 8 5 6 6 7 8 5 6 8 6 7 5 6 8 98 6

.53

9,604

5 7 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 7 6 7 7 5 98 6

.53

9,604

6 7 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 99 6.6 9,801

7 5 7 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 6 5 6 79 5

.27

6,241

8 7 7 7 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 7 6 90 6 8,100

9 7 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 6 7 7 8 6 5 5 109

7.27

11,881

10 7 5 5 8 6 5 5 8 7 7 7 8 8 5 6 97 6

.47

9,409

∑y 65 66 58 64 64 64 65 65 59 66 62 69 64 60 59 95

0

90,934

6.5 6.6 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 5.9 6.6 6.2 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.9

∑y² 4,22 4,35 3,36 4,09 4,09 4,09 4,22 4,22 3,48 4,35 3,84 4,76 4,09 3,60 3,48 60,302

121

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5 6 4 6 6 6 5 5 1 6 4 1 6 0 1

CF = 950 SSP = 90,934 SSS = 60,302

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 36 49 25 49 49 36 49 49 36 64 36 64 49 36 36

2 49 36 36 49 49 49 49 36 36 36 36 49 49 49 36

3 25 25 25 25 49 49 36 49 25 36 25 25 25 25 25

4 49 64 25 36 36 49 64 25 36 64 36 49 25 36 645 49 36 49 49 36 36 49 49 36 49 49 36 49 49 25

6 49 49 36 36 36 49 36 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 36

7 25 49 16 16 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 49 36 25 36

8 49 49 49 36 25 25 36 36 25 25 36 36 36 49 36

9 49 64 64 64 81 81 64 64 36 49 49 64 36 25 25

10 49 25 25 64 36 25 25 64 49 49 49 64 64 25 36

∑y 429 446 350 424 422 424 433 433 353 446 390 485 418 368 355

TSS = 6,176

122

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FIRMNESS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²

1 7 8 4 6 7 6 7 8 7 7 6 7 7 7 4 98 6

.53

9,604

2 7 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 6 7 6 99 6.6 9,801

3 4 5 5 3 7 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 7 5 7 95 6

.33

9,025

4 6 8 6 5 3 3 3 7 8 6 5 3 8 8 7 86 5

.73

7,396

5 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10

2

6.8 10,404

6 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10

2

6.8 10,404

7 4 7 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 5 3 1 1 51 3.4 2,601

8 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 93 6.2 8,649

9 8 7 6 7 7 8 8 7 6 5 7 4 5 4 5 94 6.27

8,836

10 5 4 6 4 7 6 6 6 7 7 8 7 6 8 5 90 6 8,100

∑y 61 64 54 54 61 60 61 66 66 62 64 61 63 60 53 91

0

84,820

6.1 6.4 5.4 5.4 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.6 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.3

∑y² 3,72

1

4,09

6

2,91

6

2,91

6

3,72

1

3,60

0

3,72

1

4,35

6

4,35

6

3,84

4

4,09

6

3,72

1

3,96

9

3,60

0

2,80

9

55,442

123

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CF = 910 SSP = 84,820 SSS = 55,442

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 49 64 16 36 49 36 49 64 49 49 36 49 49 49 16

2 49 49 49 36 36 49 49 49 49 36 49 36 36 49 36

3 16 25 25 9 49 49 64 49 49 49 64 64 49 25 49

4 36 64 36 25 9 9 9 49 64 36 25 9 64 64 495 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49

6 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 25

7 16 49 16 16 16 9 16 16 9 9 4 25 9 1 1

8 36 25 36 25 36 36 36 36 49 49 49 49 49 36 36

9 64 49 36 49 64 64 49 49 36 25 49 16 25 16 25

10 25 16 16 16 36 36 36 36 49 49 64 49 36 64 25

∑y 389 426 302 310 391 386 393 446 452 400 438 395 415 402 311

TSS = 5,856

124

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GENERAL ACCCEPTABILITY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²

1 7 7 6 6 7 6 8 7 7 8 7 8 7 6 3 10

0

6

.67

10,000

2 7 4 4 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 94 6

.27

8,836

3 7 6 6 6 5 4 5 7 8 7 8 6 8 7 8 98 6

.53

9,604

4 6 5 6 6 5 7 8 6 5 7 3 6 7 8 6 91 6

.07

8,281

5 7 8 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10

5

7 11,025

6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10

3

6

.87

10,609

7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 8 6 5 5 9 4 3 3 85 5

.67

7,225

8 5 7 4 6 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 6 7 8 7 93 6.2 8,6499 9 7 7 6 6 5 4 6 6 6 4 8 7 3 3 87 5.8 7,569

10 5 8 8 6 6 6 5 6 5 8 8 5 6 6 3 91 6

.07

8,281

∑y 67 66 60 63 60 58 61 68 65 68 62 69 67 62 51 94

7

90,079

6.7 6.6 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.9 6.7 6.2 5.1

∑y² 4,48 4,35 3,60 3,96 3,60 3,36 3,72 4,52 4,22 4,62 3,84 4,76 4,48 3,84 2,60 60,111

125

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9 6 0 9 0 4 1 4 5 4 4 1 9 4 1

CF = 947 SSP = 90,079 SSS = 60,111

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 49 49 36 36 49 36 64 64 49 64 49 49 49 36 9

2 49 16 16 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 36 49 49 49 36

3 49 36 36 36 25 16 25 36 64 49 64 49 64 49 64

4 36 25 36 36 25 49 64 36 25 49 9 36 49 64 365 49 64 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49

6 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 25

7 49 49 36 36 36 25 25 81 36 25 25 64 16 9 9

8 25 49 16 36 25 25 25 36 49 49 49 49 49 64 49

9 81 49 49 36 36 25 16 64 36 36 16 36 49 9 9

10 25 64 64 36 36 36 25 25 25 64 64 36 36 36 9

∑y 461 450 374 399 366 346 391 489 431 470 410 466 459 414 295

TSS = 6,221

126

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APPENDIX E


COLOR

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²

1 8.7 3.8 11.4 8.1 12.1 2.9 9.0 4.5 6.3 5.3 9.4 13.5 6.7 12.6 5.8 120.1 14,424.0

2 4.6 7.1 7.7 5.6 11.4 8.0 9.4 10.2 5.4 7.3 6.7 12.0 8.0 7.8 7.9 119.1 14,184.8

3 10.3 13.0 7.8 8.9 8.3 6.0 9.2 5.3 6.4 10.0 8.0 12.7 5.9 14.0 9.7 135.5 18,360.3

4 9.9 10.2 4.6 7.1 7.7 5.6 11.4 8.0 9.4 10.9 5.4 7.3 6.7 12.0 8.7 124.9 15,600.0

5 7.8 9.1 8.7 13.0 6.9 11.4 6.4 5.6 11.6 8.9 10.4 5.3 10.0 6.1 7.2 128.4 16,486.66 6.8 11.2 5.4 12.4 8.3 11.8 6.0 12.0 9.7 14.2 7.4 12.7 9.1 8.3 13.1 148.4 22,022.6

7 9.5 7.8 8.4 3.7 4.8 5.3 7.7 10.1 6.4 4.1 6.8 3.1 12.4 13.7 9.1 112.9 12,746.4

8 12.2 10.4 8.1 10.7 8.5 12.7 11.2 4.6 12.7 9.1 13.0 9.7 3.9 6.4 6.7 139.9 19,572.0

9 10.6 7.6 3.7 4.3 2.9 11.1 5.7 6.1 7.4 6.7 13.4 7.1 14.0 5.1 12.1 117.8 13,876.8

10 5.4 3.8 9.1 7.1 4.3 6.4 5.9 10.3 11.1 6.1 7.8 3.0 4.9 5.0 7.5 97.7 9,545.3

T 85.8 84.0 74.9 80.9 75.2 81.2 81.9 76.7 86.4 82.6 88.3 86.4 81.6 91.0 87.8 1,244.

7

156,818.6

A 8.58 8.40 7.49 8.09 7.52 8.12 8.19 7.67 8.64 8.26 8.83 8.64 8.16 9.10 8.78

T² 7,361.

6

7,056.

0

5,610.

0

69,544.

8

5,655.

0

6593.

4

6,7.7.

6

5,882.

9

7,465.

0

6,822.

8

7,796.

9

7,465.

0

6,658.

6

8,281.

0

7,708.

8

103,609.4

CF = 1,244.7 SSP = 156,818.6 SSS = 103,609.4

127

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T

1 75.7 14.4 130.

0

65.6 146.

4

8.4 81.0 20.3 39.7 28.1 88.4 182.

3

44.9 158.

8

33.6 1,117.6

2 21.2 50.4 59.3 31.4 130.

0

64.0 88.4 104.

0

29.2 53.3 44.9 144.

0

64.0 60.8 62.4 1,007.3

3 106.

1

169.

0

60.8 79.2 68.9 36.0 84.6 28.1 41.0 100.

0

64.0 161.

3

34.8 196.

0

94.1 1,323.9

4 98.0 104.

0

21.2 50.4 59.3 31.4 130.

0

64.0 88.4 118.8 29.2 53.3 44.9 144.

0

75.7 1,112.6

5 60.8 82.8 75.7 169.

0

47.6 130.

0

41.0 31.4 134.

6

79.2 108.

2

28.1 100.

0

37.2 51.8 1,177.4

6 46.2 125.

4

29.2 153.

8

68.9 139.

2

36.0 144.

0

94.1 201.

6

54.8 161.

3

82.8 68.9 171.

6

1,577.8

7 90.3 60.8 70.6 13.7 23.0 28.1 59.3 102.

0

41.0 16.8 46.2 9.6 153.

8

187.

7

82.8 985.7

8 148.

8

108.

2

65.6 114.5 72.3 161.

3

125.

4

21.2 161.

3

82.8 169.

0

94.1 15.2

1

40.7 44.9 1,425.3

9 112.4 57.8 13.7 18.5 8.4 123.

2

32.5 37.2 54.8 44.9 179.

6

50.4 196.

0

26.0 146.

4

1,101.8

10 29.2 14.4 82.8 50.4 18.5 41.0 34.8 106.

1

123.

2

37.2 60.8 9.0 24.0 25.0 56.3 712.7

TSS = 11,542.1

128

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8/14/2019 CHAPTER 5 p136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T

1 9.6 43.6 72.3 104.

0

16.0 70.6 60.8 28.1 74.0 130.

0

14.4 75.7 41.0 102.

0

9.6 851.4

2 43.6 15.2 18.5 14.4 20.3 21.2 32.5 70.6 20.1 46.2 156.

3

201.

6

65.6 64.0 16.0 806.1

3 75.7 81.0 51.8 32.5 37.2 49.0 27.0 57.8 24.0 134.

6

14.4 43.6 39.7 86.5 67.2 822.0

4 134.

6

127.

7

153.

8

72.3 75.7 41.0 88.4 169.

0

16.8 67.2 43.6 90.2 82.8 29.2 33.6 1,225.9

5 74.0 41.0 56.3 68.9 62.4 43.6 144.

0

166.

4

19.4 96.0 64.0 204.

5

198.

8

169.

0

123.

2

1,531.5

6 132.

3

27.0 34.8 114.5 60.8 92.2 53.3 74.0 18.5 153.

8

121.

0

136.

9

158.

8

82.8 42.3 1,303.0

7 12.3 163.

8

84.6 15.2 134.

6

198.

8

114.5 17.6 179.

6

60.8 50.4 37.2 29.2 34.8 24.0 1,157.4

8 102.

0

94.1 118.8 56.3 153.

8

82.8 42.3 47.6 70.6 29.2 75.7 24.0 132.

3

62.4 110.3 1,202.1

9 20.3 151.

3

161.

3

15.2 88.4 114.5 70.6 110.3 64.0 47.6 127.

7

16.8 60.8 50.4 121.

0

1,220.2

10 41.0 9.0 13.7 161. 130. 49.0 136. 46.2 56.3 62.4 29.2 34.8 23.0 18.5 94.1 905.4

130

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3 0 9

TSS = 11,025.0


FIRMNESS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²

1 8.8 9.4 3.7 8.1 13.8 7.9 6.3 11.4 12.6 9.8 5.7 13.1 10.8 12.0 11.7 145.1 21,054.0

2 13.1 7.0 12.2 4.7 5.6 11.0 6.9 11.7 8.1 10.9 3.9 9.2 7.7 3.1 12.8 127.9 16,358.4

3 12.3 4.9 9.1 7.2 11.4 3.4 10.4 13.6 5.9 6.5 8.5 14.0 3.7 13.1 5.1 129.1 16,666.8

4 4.9 3.4 4.1 13.1 10.3 12.6 7.8 5.7 6.3 8.2 9.4 11.4 13.3 9.7 7.1 127.3 16,205.3

5 3.8 13.8 7.6 11.4 8.7 5.3 8.1 4.5 6.2 10.4 12.0 9.7 11.5 4.7 13.0 130.7 17,082.5

6 9.6 14.0 8.3 3.5 5.5 6.5 13.0 12.0 4.8 11.1 7.3 10.5 5.1 8.4 6.8 126.4 15,977.0

7 6.7 11.5 13.0 5.8 7.1 4.7 12.9 8.1 9.2 3.7 10.1 5.1 8.4 7.8 8.6 122.7 15,055.3

8 10.5 5.2 9.4 3.9 6.1 8.2 11.5 4.8 7.7 12.0 13.2 8.6 9.9 5.6 10.7 127.3 16,205.5

9 11.7 6.7 6.5 9.4 13.0 5.8 4.1 7.3 8.4 4.8 12.7 3.5 10.0 6.3 9.8 120.0 14,400.0

10 7.3 10.4 5.3 12.3 4.1 10.1 8.3 11.4 9.5 4.9 14.0 6.8 12.7 3.0 13.3 133.4 17,795.6

T 88.7 86.3 79.2 79.4 85.6 75.5 89.3 90.5 78.7 82.3 96.8 91.9 93.1 73.7 98.9 1,289.

9

166,800.2

A 8.87 8.63 7.92 7.94 8.56 7.55 8.93 9.05 7.87 8.23 9.68 9.19 9.31 7.37 9.89

131

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T² 7,867.

7

7,447.

7

6,272.

6

6,304.4 7,327.

4

5,700.

3

7,974.

5

8,190.

3

6,193.

7

6,773.

2

9,370.

2

8,445.

6

8,667.

6

5,431.

7

9,781.

2

111,748.2

CF = 1,289.9 SSP = 166,800.2 SSS = 111,748.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T

1 77.4 88.4 13.7 65.6 190.

4

62.4 39.7 130.

0

158.

8

96.0 32.5 171.

6

116.6 144.

0

136.

9

1,524.0

2 171.

6

49.0 148.

8

22.1 31.4 121.

0

47.6 136.

9

65.6 118.8 15.2 84.6 59.3 9.6 163.

8

1,245.3

3 151.

3

24.0 82.8 51.8 130.

0

11.6 108.

2

185.

0

34.8 42.3 72.3 196.

0

13.7 171.

6

26.0 1,301.4

4 24.0 11.6 16.8 171.

6

106.

1

158.

8

60.8 32.5 39.7 67.2 88.4 130.

0

176.

9

94.1 50.4 1,228.9

5 14.4 190.

4

57.8 130.

0

75.7 28.1 65.6 20.3 38.4 108.

2

144.

0

94.1 132.

3

22.1 169.

0

1,260.4

6 92.2 196.

0

68.9 12.3 30.3 42.3 169.

0

144.

0

23.0 123.

2

53.3 110.3 26.0 70.6 46.2 1,207.6

7 44.9 132.

3

169.

0

33.6 50.4 22.1 166.

4

65.6 84.6 13.7 102.

0

26.0 70.6 60.8 74.0 1,116.0

132

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8 110.3 27.0 88.4 15.2 37.2 67.2 132.

3

23.0 59.3 144.

0

174.

2

74.0 98.0 31.4 114.5 1,226.0

9 136.

9

44.9 42.3 88.4 169.

0

33.6 16.8 53.3 70.6 23.0 161.

3

12.3 100.

0

39.7 96.0 1,008.1

10 53.3 108.

2

28.1 151.

3

16.8 102.

0

68.9 130.

0

90.3 24.0 196.

0

46.2 161.

3

9.0 176.

9

1,362.3

TSS = 12,560.0


ODOR / AROMA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²

1 7.8 8.6 5.3 6.4 5.7 8.9 7.4 11.5 7.6 10.3 9.5 12.0 5.1 4.7 4.3 115.1 13,248.0

2 6.5 7.7 4.8 7.5 6.1 7.2 8.3 10.7 8.1 11.0 8.9 3.5 6.6 5.3 4.3 106.5 11,342.3

3 12.5 8.3 6.0 6.7 5.9 7.8 7.9 11.3 7.5 10.5 9.0 11.9 6.3 5.2 4.9 121.7 14,810.9

4 7.4 7.8 8.7 8.0 8.3 11.2 6.4 3.7 11.5 5.5 5.0 6.7 10.5 12.3 9.2 122.2 14,932.8

5 8.0 7.5 12.0 10.7 9.0 6.2 11.1 6.8 9.7 4.3 4.0 5.0 12.0 12.7 11.8 130.8 17,108.6

133

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6 3.5 5.4 7.3 9.1 8.5 10.0 11.3 7.0 5.7 11.8 8.1 9.7 6.7 9.5 8.8 122.4 14,981.8

7 9.8 8.3 11.1 4.7 5.2 9.1 3.9 8.7 13.8 4.0 11.5 8.1 10.4 10.0 13.0 131.6 17,381.6

8 10.1 9.0 9.8 8.7 10.5 4.6 12.3 4.0 6.4 3.9 5.4 7.9 7.0 6.7 3.1 109.4 11,968.4

9 4.0 12.3 9.8 11.1 12.7 4.7 7.4 5.0 5.8 3.1 7.1 6.4 11.5 13.3 10.4 124.6 15,525.2

10 11.7 4.1 7.8 5.6 7.4 12.1 9.7 11.0 10.3 12.8 5.6 10.9 9.0 5.2 6.7 127.9 16,358.4

T 81.3 79.0 82.6 76.5 79.3 81.8 85.7 79.7 86.4 77.2 74.1 82.1 85.1 84.9 76.5 1,212.

2

147,658.0

A 8.13 7.90 8.26 7.56 7.93 8.18 8.57 7.97 8.64 7.72 7.41 8.21 8.51 8.49 7.65

T² 6,609.

7

6,241.

0

6,822.

8

5,852.3 6,288.

5

6,691.

2

7,344.

5

6,352.

1

7,465.

0

5,959.

8

5,490.

8

6,740.

4

7,242.

0

7,208.

0

5,852.

3

98,160.4

CF = 1,212.2 SSP = 147,658.0 SSS = 98,160.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T

1 60.8 74.0 28.1 41.0 32.5 79.2 54.8 132.

3

57.8 106.

1

90.3 144.

0

26.0 22.1 18.5 967.5

2 42.3 59.3 23.0 56.3 37.2 51.8 68.9 114.5 65.6 121.

0

79.2 12.3 43.6 28.1 18.5 821.6

3 156.3 68.9 36.0 44.9 34.8 60.8 62.4 127.

7

56.3 110.3 81.0 141.

6

39.7 27.0 24.0 1,071.7

4 54.8 60.8 75.7 64.0 68.9 125.

4

41.0 13.7 132.

3

30.3 25.0 44.9 110.3 151.

3

84.6 1,083.0

5 64.0 56.3 144. 114.5 81.0 38.4 123. 46.2 94.1 18.5 16.0 25.0 144. 161. 139. 1,235.8

134

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0 3 0 3 2

6 12.3 29.2 53.3 82.8 72.3 100.

0

127.

7

49.0 32.5 139.

2

65.6 94.1 44.9 90.3 77.4 1,070.6

7 96.0 68.9 123.

2

22.1 27.0 82.8 15.2 75.7 190.

4

16.0 132.

3

65.6 108.

2

100.

0

169.

0

1,292.4

8 102.0 81.0 96.0 75.7 110.3 21.2 151.

3

16.0 41.0 15.2 29.2 62.4 49.0 44.9 9.6 904.8

9 16.0 151.

3

96.0 123.

2

161.

3

22.1 54.8 25.0 33.6 9.6 50.4 41.0 132.

3

176.

9

108.

2

1,201.7

10 136.9 16.8 60.8 13.0 54.8 146.

4

94.1 121.

0

106.

1

163.

8

31.4 118.8 81.0 127.

0

44.9 1,216.8

TSS = 10,865.9


TENDERNESS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²

135

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1 3.8 9.1 10.2 12.2 6.8 7.0 12.5 8.5 7.9 11.4 8.4 10.6 12.7 8.1 8.0 137.2 18,823.8

2 8.1 10.4 4.9 4.6 10.0 8.8 7.1 8.0 8.5 12.0 7.2 4.9 9.4 11.2 6.3 121.4 14,738.0

3 9.9 13.0 8.7 6.9 6.4 11.8 5.6 7.4 11.6 6.8 8.9 10.4 4.3 5.3 6.0 123.0 15,129.0

4 10.3 6.1 5.2 11.2 8.4 13.2 8.5 7.6 9.6 3.8 6.4 12.0 10.5 7.0 9.2 129.0 16,641.0

5 7.8 6.0 9.0 8.8 8.9 6.4 5.3 9.2 8.0 10.4 12.7 5.7 5.0 8.3 4.8 116.3 13,525.7

6 4.6 7.7 5.6 7.1 11.4 6.7 12.0 8.0 5.4 10.2 8.0 9.4 7.3 7.5 7.8 118.7 14,089.77 5.4 12.4 6.0 8.3 6.8 7.4 5.7 7.0 6.4 4.9 3.7 3.0 6.7 10.0 12.2 105.9 11,214.8

8 6.9 6.3 4.3 13.9 5.1 3.8 3.1 5.9 7.4 6.0 5.5 7.1 4.7 7.7 11.8 99.5 9,900.3

9 10.6 5.5 10.2 5.6 4.9 8.1 10.4 11.0 7.6 6.4 8.5 4.0 8.9 4.2 7.3 113.2 12,814.2

10 9.5 8.4 12.0 7.8 10.3 8.8 9.3 6.4 11.2 12.6 7.1 9.0 8.7 10.6 14.0 145.7 21,228.5

T 76.9 84.9 76.1 86.4 79.0 82.0 79.5 79.0 83.6 84.5 76.4 76.1 78.2 79.9 87.4 1,209.

9

148,105.0

A 7.69 8.49 7.61 8.64 7.90 8.20 7.95 7.90 8.36 8.45 7.64 7.61 7.82 7.99 8.74

T² 5,913.

6

7,208.

0

5,791.

2

7,465.0 6,241.

0

6,724.

0

6,320.

3

6,241.

0

6,989.

0

7,140.

3

5,837.

0

5,791.

2

6,115.2 6,384.

0

7,638.

8

97,799.6

CF = 1,209.9 SSP = 148,105.0 SSS = 97,799.6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T

1 14.4 82.8 104.

0

148.

8

46.2 49.0 156.

3

72.3 62.4 130.

0

70.6 112.4 161.

3

65.6 64.0 1,340.1

2 65.6 108.

2

24.0 21.2 100.

0

77.4 50.4 64.0 72.3 144.

0

51.8 24.0 88.4 125.

4

39.7 1,056.4

136

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3 98.0 169.

0

75.7 47.1 41.0 139.

2

31.4 54.8 134.

6

46.2 79.2 108.

2

18.5 28.1 36.0 1,077.0

4 106.

1

37.2 27.0 125.

4

70.6 174.

2

72.3 57.8 92.2 14.4 41.0 144.

0

110.3 49.0 84.6 1,206.1

5 60.8 36.0 81.0 77.4 79.2 41.0 28.1 84.6 64.0 108.

2

161.

3

32.5 25.0 68.9 23.0 971.0

6 21.2 59.3 31.4 50.4 130.

0

44.9 144.

0

64.0 29.2 104.

0

64.0 88.4 53.3 56.3 60.8 1,001.2

7 29.2 153.

8

36.0 68.9 46.2 54.8 32.5 49.0 41.0 24.0 13.7 9.0 44.9 100.

0

148.

8

794.8

8 47.6 39.7 18.5 193.

2

26.0 14.4 9.6 34.8 54.8 36.0 30.3 50.4 22.1 59.3 139.

2

775.9

9 112.4 30.3 104.

0

31.4 24.0 65.6 108.

2

121.

0

57.8 41.0 33.6 16.0 79.2 17.6 53.3 895.4

10 90.3 70.6 144.

0

60.8 106.

1

77.4 86.5 41.0 125.

4

158.

8

50.4 81.0 75.7 112.4 196.

0

1,476.4

TSS = 12,070.7

137

CHAPTER 5 p136

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Transcript of CHAPTER 5 p136