Chapter 5Chapter 5Natural Laws and Car ControlNatural Laws and Car Control

5.15.1Gravity and Energy of Gravity and Energy of

MotionMotion

__________________

Is the force that Is the force that

pulls all things to pulls all things to Earth.Earth.

Driving Up HillsDriving Up Hills

You will You will ____________speed unless you speed unless you use extra poweruse extra power

To hold speed To hold speed You must You must ____________the vehicle’s the vehicle’s

power to overcome the pulling force of power to overcome the pulling force of gravitygravity

Easier to Easier to ____________!!

Driving Down HillsDriving Down Hills

Gravity will Gravity will ____________your your speed while going down hill.speed while going down hill.

Will take you longer to Will take you longer to ____________!!

Always Always ____________while going while going down a hill!down a hill!

____________of of ____________

Is the point around which an object’s Is the point around which an object’s weight is weight is ____________distributed.distributed.

Lower the center of gravity – the Lower the center of gravity – the ____________stable the object stable the object becomes.becomes.

SUVs very SUVs very ____________especially especially when you lift them.when you lift them.

*Car carriers!*Car carriers!

____________of of ____________

The The ____________energy or the energy energy or the energy an object has because it is moving.an object has because it is moving.

The faster your vehicle moves, the The faster your vehicle moves, the ____________energy of motion it has.energy of motion it has.

Energy of motion is also affected by Energy of motion is also affected by the the ____________of the moving object.of the moving object.

Energy of Motion and Energy of Motion and Stopping DistanceStopping Distance

Go to page 93.Go to page 93.

When a truck weighs twice as When a truck weighs twice as much; it needs about much; it needs about ____________the distance to STOP!the distance to STOP!

5.25.2Friction & TractionFriction & Traction

____________

Is the force that keeps each Is the force that keeps each tire from tire from ____________on the on the road.road.

You can feel the same force You can feel the same force by rubbing your hands by rubbing your hands together.together.

____________

Friction or gripping power between Friction or gripping power between the the ____________and the roadway and the roadway surface.surface.

Traction makes it possible for your Traction makes it possible for your vehicle to vehicle to ____________the road so the road so you can change speed and direction.you can change speed and direction.

TIRES!!!!TIRES!!!!

Tires make a huge difference in the Tires make a huge difference in the way your vehicle performs.way your vehicle performs.

Driving with low pressure in your Driving with low pressure in your tires can be the difference between tires can be the difference between avoiding a collision or hitting avoiding a collision or hitting something.something.

We will discuss this very soon! We will discuss this very soon!

Tread and TractionTread and Traction ____________- outer grooved - outer grooved

surface of a tire that grips the surface of a tire that grips the road.road.

Tread allows the tire to cut Tread allows the tire to cut through through ____________and grip and grip the road.the road.

Bald tiresBald tires

____________ grip the roadgrip the road

More likely to have a blowout.More likely to have a blowout.

____________ Is where all the air escapes a tire at Is where all the air escapes a tire at

once.once.

Inflation and tractionInflation and traction

See page 95See page 95

Always check the owner’s manual to Always check the owner’s manual to find out the best air pressure range find out the best air pressure range to keep your tires at!to keep your tires at!

Check regularly!Check regularly! Cold weather – pressure Cold weather – pressure ____________ Hot weather – pressure Hot weather – pressure ____________

UnderinflationUnderinflation

Only the Only the ____________of the tires will of the tires will grip the ground.grip the ground.

Outside part of tires will wear first Outside part of tires will wear first which equally short life of the tires.which equally short life of the tires.

In emergencies it will not perform In emergencies it will not perform properly.properly.

OverinflationOverinflation

Only the Only the ____________of the tire will of the tire will grip the road.grip the road.

The center of the tire will wear more The center of the tire will wear more quickly than a normal tire.quickly than a normal tire.

Reduced TractionReduced Traction

Vehicle’s conditionVehicle’s condition

____________

____________

____________

____________

When are the road most slippery?When are the road most slippery?

________________________________________________________________________________________

CurvesCurves

Energy of motion and traction will work Energy of motion and traction will work on your vehicle as you go around a on your vehicle as you go around a curve.curve.

The energy of motion will try to make The energy of motion will try to make your vehicle go your vehicle go ____________in a curve.in a curve.

____________the speed = more it will the speed = more it will tend to go straight.tend to go straight.

Speed and CurvesSpeed and Curves

You cant control the You cant control the ___________but you can control but you can control your your ____________..

Reduce your chances of skidding Reduce your chances of skidding by by ____________your speed before your speed before entering a curve.entering a curve.

Sharpness of CurvesSharpness of Curves

The sharper a curve, the more The sharper a curve, the more traction your vehicle needs to traction your vehicle needs to grip the road.grip the road.

Sharper the curve = Sharper the curve = ____________ your speedyour speed

Banked CurvesBanked Curves

A curve that is A curve that is ____________on the on the outside than it is on the inside.outside than it is on the inside.

Helps to overcome your vehicle's Helps to overcome your vehicle's tendency to move to the outside tendency to move to the outside of the curve.of the curve.

5.35.3

Stopping Stopping DistanceDistance

__________ __________ Distance__________ __________ Distance

The distance your car The distance your car travels travels

while you make a stop.while you make a stop.

____________ Time____________ Time

The The ________________________ it takes to it takes to identify, predict, and decide to identify, predict, and decide to slow for a hazard.slow for a hazard.

Perception time will vary Perception time will vary depending on:depending on:

________________________The ____________ of hazardThe ____________ of hazard

Perception Perception __________________ The ____________ your vehicle The ____________ your vehicle

travels during perception travels during perception time.time.

Depending on the driving Depending on the driving situation this may change.situation this may change.

________________________ Time Time

The length of time you take The length of time you take to execute your action.to execute your action.

Average reaction time is Average reaction time is ____________ of a second.____________ of a second.

________________________ Distance Distance

The distance your The distance your vehicle travels while you vehicle travels while you react.react.

________________________ Distance Distance

The distance you vehicle The distance you vehicle travels from the time you travels from the time you ________________________ the brake until the brake until your vehicle your vehicle ________________________..

* If you accelerate from 20 mph to 40 * If you accelerate from 20 mph to 40 mph, your braking distance will be mph, your braking distance will be about ______ times longer.about ______ times longer.

How do you estimate stopping distance?How do you estimate stopping distance?

Pick a fixed object or checkpoint ahead Pick a fixed object or checkpoint ahead where you think you can stop.where you think you can stop.

Count _____ seconds.Count _____ seconds.

Check your position. If you reached it, then Check your position. If you reached it, then you can assume that you could have you can assume that you could have stopped there under ideal conditions.stopped there under ideal conditions.

**If you were traveling 65 mph, it would take about If you were traveling 65 mph, it would take about 300 ft to stop (length of a football field.)300 ft to stop (length of a football field.)

Factors that Affect Braking DistanceFactors that Affect Braking Distance

Speed – higher speed Speed – higher speed ________________________ the braking distancethe braking distance

Vehicle Condition – vehicles with worn Vehicle Condition – vehicles with worn shocks, shocks, ________________________, and brakes , and brakes need longer timeneed longer time

Roadway surface – rain, Roadway surface – rain, ________________________, ice, dirt, gravel, & , ice, dirt, gravel, & ________________________ reduce traction reduce traction

Driver Ability – if you are distracted or Driver Ability – if you are distracted or impaired, it will take you longer to stop impaired, it will take you longer to stop your vehicle.your vehicle.

Antilock Braking System – allows you to Antilock Braking System – allows you to better control your stopping distance better control your stopping distance while turningwhile turning

Hills – braking Hills – braking ________________________ when when driving downhilldriving downhill

Loads – Loads – ________________________loads increase loads increase your braking distanceyour braking distance

5.45.4

Controlling Controlling Force of ImpactForce of Impact

Force of ImpactForce of Impact

The force with which a The force with which a

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Three factors that determine how hard Three factors that determine how hard something will hit another object:something will hit another object:

________________________ ________________________ ________________________________________________________________

SpeedSpeed

Is the Is the ________________________ factor in factor in determining how hard a vehicle will determining how hard a vehicle will hit another object.hit another object.

Any reduction in speed will greatly Any reduction in speed will greatly ________________________ the damage inflicted. the damage inflicted.

Always try to Always try to ________________________ speed in speed in an emergency.an emergency.

WeightWeight

The heavier a vehicle, the The heavier a vehicle, the

________________________ damage it will cause damage it will cause in a collision.in a collision.

A vehicle weighing twice as much as A vehicle weighing twice as much as another vehicle will hit a solid object another vehicle will hit a solid object

________________________ as hard. as hard.

Distance between impact & stoppingDistance between impact & stopping

The ______________ a vehicle covers The ______________ a vehicle covers between the instant it hits an object between the instant it hits an object and the moment it comes to a and the moment it comes to a __________ can vary greatly.__________ can vary greatly.

Sand barrels slow your vehicle as it Sand barrels slow your vehicle as it hits a guardrail.hits a guardrail.

How many collisions occur when How many collisions occur when you are in a collision?you are in a collision?

11stst – The ______________ hits the – The ______________ hits the object and stops.object and stops.

22ndnd – The ______________ either hit the – The ______________ either hit the inside of the vehicle or their inside of the vehicle or their restraints devices.restraints devices.

33rdrd – Occupants may suffer internal – Occupants may suffer internal collisions as their organs collisions as their organs ______________ their bodies.______________ their bodies.

Passive Restraints DevicesPassive Restraints Devices

Works ______________ Works ______________

Ex. ______________Ex. ______________

Active Restraint DevicesActive Restraint Devices

Is a device that you have to Is a device that you have to ______________ .______________ .

Ex. ______________ Ex. ______________

How to wear safety beltsHow to wear safety belts

1.1. Adjust your seat to a comfortable Adjust your seat to a comfortable upright position.upright position.

2.2. Buckle your seatbelt making sure lap Buckle your seatbelt making sure lap part is low and snug across your hips.part is low and snug across your hips.

3.3. Adjust shoulder part. Never put it Adjust shoulder part. Never put it behind your body!behind your body!

Air BagsAir Bags

Is balloon-type device that Is balloon-type device that automatically inflates to protect you.automatically inflates to protect you.

They deploy at speeds over _______ They deploy at speeds over _______ mph.mph.

Are designed to work with ____________ .Are designed to work with ____________ .

Keep hands between 9 and 3 o’clock Keep hands between 9 and 3 o’clock and 8 and 4 o’clock to prevent serious and 8 and 4 o’clock to prevent serious hand, arm, head, and eye injury.hand, arm, head, and eye injury.

Airbags continued…Airbags continued…

Make sure you sit at least Make sure you sit at least ______________ inches away from the ______________ inches away from the steering wheel.steering wheel.

Children in child seats and young Children in child seats and young people up to the age of people up to the age of ______________ must sit in the back ______________ must sit in the back seat.seat.

Air bag ImprovementsAir bag Improvements Sensors can measure weight, seat Sensors can measure weight, seat

position, and severity of crash. position, and severity of crash. Deploys in 2 stages appropriate Deploys in 2 stages appropriate for speed and intensityfor speed and intensity

Airbag switches give vehicle owners a Airbag switches give vehicle owners a choice about using an airbag.choice about using an airbag.

Other Protection DevicesOther Protection Devices

Automatic Safety BeltsAutomatic Safety Belts Make sure you buckle the lap beltMake sure you buckle the lap belt

Front and rear crush areasFront and rear crush areas Designed to ______________ on impact like Designed to ______________ on impact like

an accordionan accordion

Energy absorbing bumpersEnergy absorbing bumpers Absorb low levels of impact up to _____ Absorb low levels of impact up to _____

mph without damagemph without damage

Side door beamsSide door beams Steal beams built into the side door.Steal beams built into the side door.

______________ windshield______________ windshield Two pieces of glass with a thin layer of Two pieces of glass with a thin layer of

plastic in the middle help avoid flying plastic in the middle help avoid flying glass.glass.

Energy-absorbing steering wheelEnergy-absorbing steering wheel Designed to ______________ when hit.Designed to ______________ when hit.

______________ dash______________ dash Can reduce injury in all crashesCan reduce injury in all crashes

______________ seats______________ seats All states require them. Must be used in All states require them. Must be used in

the back seat.the back seat.

Head restraintsHead restraints Padded head rests on top of seat protect Padded head rests on top of seat protect

against ______________ .against ______________ .

GOOD LUCKGOOD LUCKonon

Tuesday Tuesday oror

Thursday Thursday