CHAPTER 5 - NOMENCLATURE IONIC COMPOUNDS NAMING Name the cation first, then name the anion second
Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids...
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Transcript of Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids...
![Page 1: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Section 4: Naming Molecular Compounds and Acids
Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds
![Page 2: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning Goals
Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids.Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate.
Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ite.
![Page 3: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds
Remember, nearly all molecular compounds form from two or more nonmetals.
Binary (two-element) molecular compound names have the following form:prefix
base name of 2nd element +
ide
name of 1st
element
+ +prefix
+
![Page 4: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds
When writing the name of a molecular compound the first element is the more metal-like one
The prefixes given to each element indicate the number of specific atoms present
mono- 1 hexa- 6
di- 2 hepta- 7
tri- 3 octa- 8
tetra- 4 nona-9
penta- 5 deca-10
![Page 5: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds
If there is only one atom of the first element, the prefix mono- is normally omitted. CO2
▪ The full name is carbon dioxide.
![Page 6: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds
When the prefix ends with a vowel and the base name starts with a vowel, the first vowel is sometimes dropped. Vowel is dropped in monoxide but not in dioxide or triiodide.
![Page 7: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Naming Molecular Compounds
N2O The entire name is dinitrogen monoxide.
![Page 8: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Practice
CCl4
BCl3
SF6
N2O4
![Page 9: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Practice
Write the formulas for each compound:
disulfur tetrafluoride
phosphorus pentafluoride
xenon hexafluoride
![Page 10: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Naming Acids
The first step in naming an acid compound is identifying it as an acid.
Acids are molecular compounds that form H+ ions when dissolved in water. Acids will always be aqueous (aq)
![Page 11: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Naming Acids
They are composed of hydrogen, usually written first in their formula, and one or more nonmetals, written second.
![Page 12: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Naming Acids
We can categorize acids into two groups: binary acids: those containing only hydrogen and a nonmetal
oxyacids: those containing hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen
![Page 13: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Naming Acids
Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal. The names for binary acids have the following form:
![Page 14: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Naming Acids
HCl(aq)
hydrochloric acid
HBr(aq)
hydrobromic acid
HCl(g)
refers to hydrogen chloride molecules in the gas phase, and not to the acid.
![Page 15: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Practice
H2S(aq)
HF(aq)
![Page 16: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Practice
Write the formula of each compound: hydroiodic acid
hydrofluoric acid
![Page 17: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Naming Acids
Oxyacids are acids that contain oxyanions, which can be found in the table of polyatomic ions. These acids are a combination of one or more H+ ions with an oxyanion.
The number of H+ ions depends on the charge of the oxyanion, so that the formula is always charge-neutral.
![Page 18: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Naming Acids
The names of acids containing oxyanions ending with -ite take this form:
H2SO3(aq) contains the sulfite (SO32−) ion
![Page 19: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Naming Acids
The names of acids containing oxyanions ending with -ate take this form:
HNO3(aq) contains the nitrate (NO3−)
ion
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Practice
HC2H3O2(aq)
HNO2(aq)
![Page 21: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Practice
Write the formula for each compound:
Nitric acid
Nitrous acid
Hypochlorous acid
Perbromic acid
![Page 22: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c8977e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Practice
CO(g)
CaF2(aq)
HF(aq)
Fe(NO3)3(s)
HClO4(aq)
H2SO3(aq)