Chapter 5 Matter in Motion Chapter 5 Matter in...
Transcript of Chapter 5 Matter in Motion Chapter 5 Matter in...
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Chapter 5 – Matter in Motion
Section 1 – Measuring Motion
Chapter 5
Matter in
Motion
Section 1 – Measuring Motion
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What is Motion?
• An object is in motion when it is changing
its position relative to a reference point.
• Motion is relative.
– The Earth moves
relative to the sun.
Both moving and
nonmoving objects
can be reference
points.
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Describing Motion
• Speed - How fast?
• Time - How long?
• Distance - How far?
• Velocity - How fast in a specific
direction?
• Acceleration - How fast “how fast” is
changing?
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“As the Crow Flies”
Distance vs. Displacement
• Distance - the length of a
path between two points.
• Displacement - length and
direction that an object has
moved from its starting
point.
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Your turn.
Study the city map.
1. What is the distance
on foot to get from A
to B?
2. What is the
displacement from A
to B?
A
B
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Vector
• A quantity that consists of both a
magnitude and direction.
– Displacement is a vector.
– Velocity is a vector.
– Acceleration is a vector.
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Fastest Cars
244 mph
763 mph
350 mph
347 mph
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Fastest “Toys”
73 mph
210 mph
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Fastest Roller Coaster “Kingda Ka” Six Flags New Jersey
128 mph
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Fastest Animals
Peregrine
Falcon
320 mph
Cheetah 70 mph
68 mph
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Fastest Man & Woman
Justin Gatlin 100m/9.77sec
Florence Grifith-Joyner
100m/10.49 sec
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Fastest Airplane and Train
X - 43
1806.95 mph
Mach 9.8
Shanghai Maglav
268 mph
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Fastest Space VehicleVoyager 1 39,000 mph
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Two Kinds of Speed
• Average speed
– The distance divided
by the travel time.
• Instant speed
– The speed an object is
moving at a given
instant in time.
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How can average speed be
calculated? • Average speed = total distance ÷ time
s = d ÷ t
• You try: A car travels 240 miles in 4 hours. What is its average speed?_____________
• Express the answer in miles per hour.
• You try: A car travels 240 miles in 3 hours. What is its average speed?_____________
• Express the answer in miles per hour.
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Instant speed
• The speed at which an object is traveling
at an instant in time.
– A car’s speedometer measures instant speed.
– A police radar gun measures instant speed.
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Velocity
• The speed of an object in a direction.
– Abbreviation - v
– compare speed vs.. velocity
– How could a car travel at a constant speed
but be changing its velocity
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Acceleration
• Rate at which velocity changes
– How much and how fast
• Positive acceleration – increase in
velocity
• Negative acceleration or deceleration –
decrease in velocity
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Centripetal Force
• Acceleration in a
circular motion
• An example