Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms
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Transcript of Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms
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Chapter 5Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike
Organisms
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Primary Producers
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•Organisms that make their own food
•Carbon fixers
•Autotrophs
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Prokaryotes
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•Simple cells
•No internal membranes
•No Organelles
•No Nucleus
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Bacteria
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•Prokaryotic cells found in large numbers everywhere
•Main form of reproduction is mitosis
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Heterotrophic Bacteria
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•Non-photosynthetic bacteria
•Mostly decomposers
•Found in sediment
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Autotrophic Bacteria
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•Photosynthetic bacteria on the Earth’s surface
•Chemosynthetic bacteria near hydrothermal vents
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Bloom
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•An explosion of growth &
reproduction of a species due to
optimum conditions
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Blue-Green Algae
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Phylum:•Cyanophyta
•Cyanobacteria
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Characteristics•Unicellular, planktonic,
microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual reproduction
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Distinguishing•Prokaryotic, deposits CaCO3 (Stromatolites), top producer world-wide, blue-green pigment, helps cause red tides
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Stromatilites
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•Calcium carbonate deposited by blue-green algae that build up on the ocean floor to make large mounds
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•Calcium carbonate deposits that build up on the ocean floor
•White cliffs of Dover
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Algae
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•General term for any photosynthetic organisms that are not true plants
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Red Tides
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•Condition when several organisms emit reddish toxins that cause fish kills
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Protista
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•Single cellular eukaryotes & multi-cellular
algae
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Diatoms
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Phylum:
•Crysophyta
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Characteristics•Unicellular, planktonic, microscopic, photosynthetic, sexual & asexual
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Distinguishing•Eukaryotic, yellow-brown pigment, glass shell, (deposits silicon dioxide), top producer in temperate to polar zones
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Dinoflagellates
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Phylum:•Pyrrhophyta
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Characteristics•Unicellular,
planktonic, microscopic,
photosynthetic, sexual & asexual
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Distinguishing•Eukaryotic, cellulose shell, 2 uneven flagella, bioluminescence, can live within other organisms, top producer in Tropics
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Other Photosynthetic
Protists
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•Silicoflagellates,
•Coccolithophorids
•Cryptomonads
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Protozoa•Heterotrophic or
animal-like protists
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Foraminiferans•Protozoan with a
calcium carbonate shell
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Radiolarians•Protozoan with
a glass shell
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Ciliates• Protozoan with
hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility
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Pseudopodia•False feet
•Oozing cytoplasm
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Ooze•Fine sediment
on the ocean floor
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Calcareous Ooze•Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate
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Siliceous Ooze•Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide
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Diatomaceous Ooze
•Fine sediment from diatom shells
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Foramaceous Ooze
•Fine sediment made from the shells of forams
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Radiolarian Ooze
•Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells
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Multi-cellularAlgae:
Seaweed
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Parts of Seaweed
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•Thallus: entire structure
•Rhizoid: root-like struct.
•Stipe: stem-like structure
•Blade: leaf-like structure
•Pneumatocysts: air sacs
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Types of Seaweed
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•Green Algae
•Red Algae
•Brown Algae
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Green Algae•Phylum: Chlorophyta
•Characteristics: mostly unicellular, bright green, small
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Red Algae•Phylum: Rhodophyta
•Characteristics: also small, red pigment, most species, some deposit CaCO3
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Brown Algae•Phylum: Phaeophyta
•Characteristics: True seaweed, most complex. Ex: Kelp
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Sargasso Weed•Floating seaweed
•Lacks rhizoid
•In Sargasso Sea
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Seaweed Economics
•Food source
•Algin
•Carrageenan
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Fungi
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Lichens•A symbiotic
relationship between fungi & algae
•Encrusts rocks near sea shore
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Marine Plants
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Seagrasses
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•Eelgrass: Temperate
•Turtle grass: Tropical
•Manatee grass: Tropical
•Surf grass: Binds to rocks in the surf
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Marsh Grasses
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•Cord grass or
•Spartina grass: found in the marshy
area above the highest tides
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Mangrove Trees
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•A tropical shrub-like tree that is salt tolerant, can colonize the surf zone, & has above ground root system
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