Module 2: Information Technology Infrastructure Chapter 4: Emerging Technologies.
Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure & Emerging Technologies Information Systems for Management.
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Transcript of Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure & Emerging Technologies Information Systems for Management.
Chapter 5: Chapter 5:
IT Infrastructure & IT Infrastructure & Emerging TechnologiesEmerging Technologies
Information Systems for Management
Outline
Information Systems for Management
• Electronic Data (bit, byte, larger sizes) • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Main Memory or Storage (RAM, ROM)• Secondary Storage • Computer Speed • Input Devices • Output Devices • Categories of Computers • Client/Server • Peer-to-Peer Computing • Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) • Moore's Law
Information Systems for Management
Electronic Data
Bit – electrical charge exists (meaning 1) or it does not
(0)
Byte: String of bits (usually 8), representing one
character (letter, number)
Kilo Byte (KB) = roughly 1000 Bytes
1 Mega Byte (MB) = 1,000,000 Bytes
1 Giga Byte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 Bytes
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Information Systems for Management
The CPU and MemoryCentral Processing Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control unitClock
Main Memory (Storage), 2 parts:ROM (non-volatile) – programmed by manufacturerRAM (volatile) – memory used for your programs and operating system; PCs today – RAM size in Giga Bytes
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Information Systems for Management
Computer Speed
A CPU placed on a single miniature chip; basis of PC (personal computer)
Speed and performance factorsnumber of bits the computer can process at one time (word length) Speed of the Clock Number of bits that can be moved at one time between the CPU, primary storage & other devices (Data Bus width )
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Information Systems for Management
Computer Speed - Examples
Name Manufacturer Word Length(bits)
Clock Speed(electrical cycles per
second)
Data Bus Width(bits)
Pentium 2 Intel 32 233-450 MHz* 64
Celeron Intel 32 500-2600 MHz 64
Pentium III Intel 32 500-1400 MHz 64
Pentium IV Intel 32 3.2 GHz* 64
Itanium II Intel 64 1.5 GHz 128
Opteron AMD 64 2.6 Ghz 128
MHz = millions of Hertz (measure of speed)GHz = billions of Hertz
Speed increase
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Information Systems for Management
Secondary Storage (Memory)
Long-term, non-changeable
Magnetic:Hard disk Flash drive other (floppy disk, tape)
Optical:CD-ROM (readable or readable and writeable - CD-R/CD-RW)DVD (same as CD-ROM, takes more data)
Secondary storage tech. keep developing and getting cheaper
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Information Systems for Management
Input Devices
Keyboard
Pointing DevicesMouseTouch screen
Readers/Scanners (Bar code reader; Magnetic Ink Recognition)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Receiver
Voice recognition
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Information Systems for Management
Output Devices
Monitor
PrinterNon impact (laser, inkjet; photo printer)Impact (dot matrix)
Plotter
Voice output (voice synthesizer)
Plotter
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Information Systems for Management
Categories of Computers
Personal Computer (PC)
Desktop (Hewlett-Packard, Dell)
Laptop (IBM ThinkPad, MacBook)
Workstation (Sun, IBM RISC; don’t mix it with “PC
supporting individual work” also called work station)
Midrange Computer (IBM AS 400)
Mainframe (Unisys, Siemens)
Supercomputer (“Deep Blue” – world champion in
chess)
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Client-Server Model
Information Systems for Management
The model (system architecture) is which one computer sends requests for data and processing (CLIENT) and the other delivers these (SERVER)
Multi-tear Client-Server Model
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Information Systems for Management
Peer-to-Peer Computing
Using computer networks (Internet or private) to share
data, storage, and processing tasks, where all
computers are equals (peers).
Music sharing sites; Grid computing
Uses Client-Server model, where each machine can
play either role
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Information Systems for Management
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
TCO includes initial purchasing costs of software and
hardware, costs of licensing, maintenance, ongoing costs
for salaries & facilities (operating costs), training
throughout the life of an IS, downtime (opportunity
costs), energy consumption, disposing used equipment…
Make TCO assessment, not only capital investment
Maintenance costs can be large
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