Chapter 5 height of greek civilization
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Transcript of Chapter 5 height of greek civilization
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Greek Quest for Beauty and Meaning
Chapter 5-Section 1
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Buildings for the GodsParthenon is best example of Greek architecture
Modest, perfectly balanced structure used optical illusions and perspective to appear “perfect”
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The Parthenon
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Greek ArtsGreeks excelled at depicting the human form
Told stories on storage pots and murals
Glorified the human form in stone statues
Phidias, Myron, Praxiteles are best known sculptors
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Famous Sculptors and their Work
Myron
Phidias
Praxiteles
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Theatre and DramaPerformed plays twice a year to honor Dionysus
Early plays were tragedies where lead character is doomed to an unhappy ending
Famous tragedians were Sophocles and Euripides
Greeks eventually wrote comedies
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OlympicsGreeks emphasized importance of a healthy body
Trade and war stoppedEvents were individual not team
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The Greek MindChapter 5-Section 2
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Greek ThinkersGreek philosophers lid foundations for history, biology, logic, and poli sci
Sophists rejected Greek traditions and claimed “man was the measure of all things”
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SocratesCritic of the sophists and believed in absolute truths
Developed Socratic method Was executed for “corrupting the youth”
Taught Plato, who opened his own school and wrote The Republic
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AristotleBelieved one should live moderately
Method of inquiry and classification influenced scientists
Believed that the ideal gov’t was one ruled by the middle class and included parts of a monarchy, aristocracy, & democracy
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HistoriansGreeks were first to accurately record history
Herodotus recorded the Persian War
Thucydides recorded the Peloponnesian War
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ScienceBelieved world is ruled by natural laws
Studied astronomy, mathematics, and viewed medicine as a science
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Alexander’s Empire
Chapter 5-Section 3
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MacedoniaLocated North of GreeceDescendants of the DoriansPhilip II conquered the Greek city-states, which were weak from the Peloponnesian War
Philip intended to destroy the Persian Empire, but was killed
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Alexander the GreatIn 336, Alexander replaced Philip at the age of 20
Military leader since the age of 16
Well-educated by Aristotle
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War with PersiaSought revenge on PersiaSuperior tactics allowed him to defeat the Persians in battle
Liberated many former colonies Established Alexandria in EgyptDeclared himself Persian Emperor
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Imperial Ambitions In 327 B.C., Alexander controlled land to the Indus River valley
Soldiers refused to go any farther, many hadn’t been home in over 8 years
Died of malaria in 323 at the age of 33
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Alexander’s Long-Term ImpactSpread Greek culture and language throughout the region to create the Hellenistic way of life
Founded over 70 cities
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AlexandriaServed as the model Perpendicular, straight streetsLarge harbors and a massive light house boosted economy
First known library and museumScholars came from all over the world
Increased status for women