Chapter 5Exploring Loyalties

Contending Loyalties

My family

Region

Culture

Race

Country

Humankind

Friends

Employer

School

Environment

Religion

Political Beliefs

Hyphenated Identity

Read 99-100

Look at Perspective #1 and #2

What are some of the strengths and weaknesses in those arguments?

What are your thoughts towards a hyphenated identity?

Contending Nationalist Loyalties

Canada is a _______________

The purpose of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which forms part of the Canadian Constitution, was to ___________ the fundamental rights and freedoms valued by Canadians

For people to feel loyal to Canada, they must ___________________ in Canada for ________________

Language Loyalties

1963 - Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (B & B Commission)

charged to investigate and report the existing state within Canada and recommend steps that should be taken

active role of government in language politics

frame government and language politics in terms of equality and a common community

both languages to be promoted across Canada

Official Languages Act 1969

declared both French and English to be official languages

all federal institutions were required to offer their services in either French or English

broadened over the years - Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

Bill 101 (1977) - Charter of the French Language

is resolved therefore to make of Friends of the Language of Government and the Law; as well as the normal and everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business

Is a French-speaking society in Quebec an act of loyalty?

Bilingualism in Public Education (1970)

second language instruction

French Immersion

Bilingual Consumer Packaging (1974)

bilingual labeling on most consumer packaging

Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)

Section 16 - Two Official Languages

Section 17-22 - particular language rights in government institutions

Section 23 - provincial governments offer education to Canadians in the official language of their choice

Rise of the ADQ

2007 - hinted at a new direction for Quebec nationalism

31% of popular vote - called for Quebec’s autonomy within Canada and a new name “The Autonomist State of Quebec”

own constitution, own citizenship, override those federal laws seen as contrary to provincial interest

Loyalties of Aboriginal Canadians

____________________

a set of amendments to the Constitution of Canada designed to persuade Quebec to endorse the Constitution

MLA Elijah Harper rose a _________ _________ and voted against the motion that derailed the amendments

Meech Lake

1987

recognition of a ‘________________’ within Canada

3 years to pass resolution - MB and NFLD failed to ratify the resolution

shaped a sense of isolation and desire to seek their own nation

video

a short clip on PM Trudeau’s concept of special status for Quebec

CTV Movie on Elijah Harper

http://winnipeg.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20080522/wpg_elijah_080522?hub=WinnipegHome

______________ were not being recognized and the idea that Canada was made up of _______ founding nations and languages

_____________________: a principle whereby a nation is _______ to decide its own _____________ allegiance or form of government

Inuit Perspectives

________ - began to move to permanent towns

better access to health care, education, and other services

slowly became part of the _______________ economy and changed their lifestyles

Non-Nationalist Loyalties

Religious

__________

Conscientious Objection

Military

_________

Global Loyalties

____________________

global community

____________________

____________________

Afghanistan

What can you tell me about the country?

Where does your experience come from?

I am guessing that most of our information is based primarily from media

Timeline

1919-21 - The British are defeated in the Third British-Afghan War

Afghanistan becomes an independent nation

1947 - Britain withdraws from India - Hindu but secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan

large uncontrolled border

1953 - Gen. Khan looks to Soviets for economic and military assistance

1956 - Khrushchev agrees to help Afghanistan

1973 - Khan’s stages a military coup

the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan

1978 - Communist Coup

Taraki kills Gen. Khan + proclaim independence from Soviet influence

conservative Islamic leaders revolt - guerilla movement is established

Mujahadeen

1979 - rallied against Soviet troops

1986 - Mujahadeen are receiving arms from the United States, Britain, and China via Pakistan

1989 - peace accords in Geneva

warlords are emerging as Islamic leaders begin to divide up the country

1995 - Taliban emerge on promises of peace

uphold traditional Islamic values

The United States refuses to recognize the authority of the Taliban

1998 - al Qaida’s bombing of two American embassies in Africa, President Clinton orders attacks against bin Laden’s training camps in Afghanistan

2000 - UN sanctions restricting trade and economic development

2001 - trade center attacks

Oct. 7 - US and British troops launch air strikes against targets in Afghanistan

proclaim they are ready for jihad

Dec. 22 - Hamid Karzai - is sworn as interim president - supported by the US

2003 - NATO takes over security in Kabul

2005 - first parliamentary election in 30 years

2006 - NATO expands operations - met with suicide attacks and international troops

2006 - Afghanistan Compact

provides the framework for international community initiatives in Afghanistan (2006-2011)

Canada may contribute military assistance or non-military aid

Roles of Canadian Forces

provide security to promote development and an environment that is conducive to the improvement of Afghan life

operations in support of Afghan National Security Forces

strengthen Afghan Governance capacity

extend the authority of Government of Afghanistan

facilitate the delivery of programs and projects that support the economic recovery and rehabilitation of Afghanistan

assist in addressing humanitarian needs of Afghans by supporting Canadian governmental and non-governmental organizations

Canadian Development Role in

AfghanistanPolitical - to create a stable and democratic society

Social - to provide fundamental services to its citizens (water, health care, education)

Economic - self sufficient to provide for its citizens rather than economically dependent

Specific Development Programs

Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund

daily operations

national microcredit program

National Solidarity program

Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team

330 member PRT

Justice/court systems

judges, prosecutors, etc.

Police Services

mentoring, training

Correction Services

professionalize prisons

Healthcare

Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

• reintegration into civilian life

Canada’s Continuing Role

withdrawal of troops unless NATO adds soldiers

“NATO’s reputation is on the line here... all the increasing evidence suggests that NATO’s efforts in Afghanistan as a whole are not adequate” Harper said, according to news agencies.

www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/north_america/jan-june08/canadatroops_0128.html

video

Afghan MP clip

Explore the Issues

Should the Canadian government consider first the needs of its citizens or the responsibility we have to all people?

How should we choose which nations to support?