Chapter 5 - Energy Resources

Section 1 - Natural ResourcesNatural Resource - is any

natural substance, organism, or energy form that living things useMost natural resources are

made into products that make people’s lives more comfortable and convenient

Renewable Resources

Renewable Resource - is a natural resource that can be used and replaced over a relative short period of timeThough these resources are

renewable, sometimes humans use these resources faster than they can be replaced

i.e. trees, fish, fresh water

Ch. 5 Quiz 11) ___________ is any natural

substance , organism, or energy form that living things use

2) ___________ is a natural resource that can be replaced over a relatively short period of time

3) ___________ is a natural resource that takes thousands or millions of years to replace

4) ___________ is the use of used materials that have been reprocessed into new products

Bonus) __________ is a gaseous fossil fuel

Answers

1) Natural Resource2) Renewable Resource3) Nonrenewable Resource4) RecyclingBonus) Natural Gas

Nonrenewable Resources

Nonrenewable Resources - are natural resources that cannot be replaced, or resources that take thousands or millions of years to replaceThe amount of nonrenewable

resources on Earth are limited in respect to their availability for human use

i.e oil, coal, natural gas, and iron

Conserving Natural ResourcesWhether or not the resource is

renewable or nonrenewable, we should be careful how we use themWays to conserve resources:

1) Turn off water sources when not in use2) Recycling - the use of used or discarded

materials that have been reprocessed into new products

3) Turn off electrical sources when not in use

4) Ride a bike or walk whenever possible5) Carpool

Section 2 - Fossil FuelsEnergy Resources - are natural

resources that humans use to produce energyThere are many types of renewable

and nonrenewable energy resourcesAll energy released by these

resources originates with the sunFossil Fuels - are nonrenewable

energy resources that form in the Earth’s crust over millions of years from the buried remains of once living organismsEnergy is released from fossil fuels

when they are burned

Liquid Fossil Fuels - Petroleum

Petroleum - or crude oil, is an oily mixture of flammable organic compounds from which liquid fossils fuels and other products are separatedForms from microscopic sea life that

dies, settles to the bottom of the ocean and gets buried

Petroleum is separated into several types of products at refineries including:

1) gasoline2) jet fuel3) kerosene4) diesel fuel

Solid Fossil Fuels - CoalCoal - is a solid fossil fuel formed

underground from buried, decomposed plant materialIt is the only fossil fuel that is a rockIt was once the leading source of

energy in the U.S. (during the 1800 and 1900’s)

Coal is used much less today because it produces large amounts of air pollution, and better energy sources are now available.

Gaseous Fossil Fuels - Natural Gas

Natural Gas - are gaseous forms of fossil fuelsMost natural gas is used for

heating and generating electricity

The main component in natural gas is methaneOther components include butane

and propane, each having their own uses

How Do Fossil Fuels Form?All fossil fuels form from the buried

remains of ancient organismsDifferent types of fossil fuels form in

different waysPetroleum and Natural gas form

mainly from the remains of microscopic sea lifeAfter the organisms die they settle to

the bottom of the ocean and eventually get trapped in rock

Over millions of years chemical and physical changes turn these organisms into petroleum and natural gas

Coal forms differently than natural gas and petroleumCoal forms underground over millions

of years from decayed swamp plantsSo when these plants die they sink to

the bottom of the swampThis begins the process of coal

formation (pg. 114):Stage 1- Peat (60% carbon)Stage 2 - Lignite (70% Carbon)Stage 3 - Bituminous Coal (80% Carbon)Stage 4 - Anthracite (90% Carbon)

Where Are Fossil Fuels Found?

Fossil fuels are found in many parts of the world both on land and under the sea

The U.S. has large reserves of petroleum, natural gas, and coalMost oil and gas is found in

California, Louisiana, and TexasDespite this the U.S. still imports 1/2

of its oil from the Middle East, South America, and Africa

How Do Humans Obtain Fossil Fuels?

Petroleum and Natural Gas are removed from the Earth by drilling into rocks that contain themOil wells exist both on land and seas

Coal is obtained either by mining deep beneath the Earth or by strip mining

Dealing with Fossil-Fuel ProblemsSo, what can be done to solve

fossil-fuel problems?Finding alternative energy

sourcesRiding on public transportation

(bus, trolley, trains, etc)Bike, Walk, Skateboard,

Carpooling, Scooter

Problems with Fossil FuelsSome scientists believe that burning fossil

fuels is significantly increasing the amount of CO2 leading to global warming

When coal burned sulfur dioxide is formedWhen sulfur dioxide mixes with water it forms

sulfuric acid Acid Precipitation - is rain or snow tht has a

high acid content due mainly to air pollution

Burning petroleum products can cause smogSmog - is a photochemical fog produce from the

reaction of sunlight with air pollution

Chapter 5 Quiz 2 1) ___________ are natural resources that

humans use to produce energy 2)___________, or crude oil, is an oily

mixture of flammable compounds from which liquid fossil fuels are separated

3) ___________ is the only solid fossil fuel 4)____________ is rain or snow that has a

higher than normal acid level 5) ___________ is a photochemical fog

produce from the reaction of pollution with sunlight

Bonus) __________ is organic matter that contains stored energy

Section 3 - Alternative Resources

The energy needs for industry, transportation, and housing are mostly met by electricityMost electricity is produced using fossil

fuelsWhat is the problem with using fossil

fuels?When burned they cause pollutionThey are nonrenewable

To continue our present lifestyles alternative resources (new sources of energy) must be found

Splitting the Atom

Nuclear Energy - is an alternative source of energy that is derived from the nuclei of atoms

Nuclear energy is produced through a process know as fissionFission is a process where the nuclei of

radioactive atoms are split in half and energy is released

The energy released in a nuclear power plant is used to make steam, which turns a turbine on a generator which produces electricity.

Pro & Cons of Nuclear Energy

Nuclear power plants provide alternative energy without polluting like fossil fuels, BUT,They produce radioactive wastes

Radioactive wastes must be stored for thousands of years until they lose their radioactivity.

A safe place must be found to store these wastes so radiation does not escape into the environment.

Sitting in the SunSolar Energy - is energy from the sun. Everyday the Earth receives more than

enough solar energy to meet all of our energy needsSolar energy is renewable

There are two common ways we use solar energy1) Changing solar energy directly into

electricity by using solar cellsA single solar cell can only produce a tiny amount of

energy This is perfect for something small like a calculator

To produce electricity for larger objects (ie. House) you need thousands of cells

Solar panels with thousands of cells in them are used

2) Another way to use solar energy is by direct heating through solar collectors

Solar collectors are dark colored boxes that become very hot

Liquid (water) filled tubes run through the box, which heats up the liquid

This is a good way to heat up water and store it in a water heater

PROBLEMS WITH SOLAR CELLS/COLLECTORSCOSTEFFECIENCY

Large-Scale Solar Power

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Capture the WindWind Energy - is the energy found in the

windYou can see how much energy there is

in wind when there is a hurricane or tornado

Wind energy can also be used by humans to create electricityBy attaching a generator to a large windmill

you can produce electricity with the wind Pros

Does not cause pollution It is renewable Can be built in 3 - 6 months

Cons It isn’t always windy everywhere, all the time Wind only blows strong enough to produce electricity in a few

places

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Hydroelectric EnergyHydroelectric Energy - uses falling

water to produce electricityWater is passed through the opening in a

dam, where it spins a turbine connected to a generator producing electricity

ProsProduces little pollutionIt is renewable

ConsIt is not available everywhereCan only be produced from large

volumes of stored waterBuilding dams can disrupt wildlife

habitats

Powerful Plants Biomass - is organic matter that

contains stored energy Once living things, like plants and trees can

be used as energy sourcesYou usually burn them to release the

energy Plant material can also be changed into

liquid fuel Plants that contain sugars can be made into

alcohol. Gasohol - a mixture of plant alcohol and

gasoline Pros

Renewable resource Cons

It takes a lot of land to growIt takes up space that could use for food

Deep HeatGeothermal Energy - is energy

produced by heat within the Earth’s crustIn some locations rainwater enters

the ground near magmaThe water turns into steam, and hot

water and steam escapes to the Earth’s surface

Geothermal power plants use the steam to produce electricity and heat buildings