Chapter 5 EarthquakesChapter 5 Earthquakes

Review GameReview Game

RulesRules

Coin toss for 1Coin toss for 1stst question question

Team will answer the question, random Team will answer the question, random selectionselection

Correct answer gets the team a pointCorrect answer gets the team a point

Wrong answer gives the other team a Wrong answer gives the other team a chance to steal- random choicechance to steal- random choice

Team with highest score gets 5 bonus Team with highest score gets 5 bonus points for the testpoints for the test

What is the name of the What is the name of the forceforce that pushes the that pushes the

crust in opposite crust in opposite directions? (not the name directions? (not the name

of the fault)of the fault)

Shearing forceShearing force

What are the 2 types of What are the 2 types of walls in a normal & walls in a normal &

reverse fault?reverse fault?

Hanging wall & a footwallHanging wall & a footwall

When the footwall When the footwall moves down under the moves down under the force of gravity, what force of gravity, what

kind of fault is it called?kind of fault is it called?

Normal fault Normal fault

What does a What does a seismograph measure?seismograph measure?

The strength and type The strength and type of seismic waveof seismic wave

To monitor upward To monitor upward movement along a fault, movement along a fault, what kind of mechanical what kind of mechanical monitoring device would monitoring device would

be used?be used?

TiltmeterTiltmeter

When the hanging wall When the hanging wall moves up over the moves up over the

footwall, what kind of footwall, what kind of fault is it?fault is it?

Reverse faultReverse fault

What type of stress What type of stress causes a reverse fault?causes a reverse fault?

CompressionCompression

Where is the focus of Where is the focus of an earthquake located?an earthquake located?

Below the surface at Below the surface at the spot where the the spot where the

crust slipped.crust slipped.

What type of What type of earthquake wave earthquake wave

always arrives first?always arrives first?

Primary wave Primary wave

A P wave is what kind A P wave is what kind of wave?of wave?

A longitudinal wave/ A longitudinal wave/ back and forthback and forth

An S wave is what kind An S wave is what kind of wave?of wave?

A transverse wave/ up A transverse wave/ up and downand down

What is it called when What is it called when moist ground turns to moist ground turns to

mud from seismic mud from seismic waves?waves?

LiquefactionLiquefaction

Where is an earthquake’s Where is an earthquake’s epicenter?epicenter?

On the surface directly On the surface directly above where the fault above where the fault

slipped.slipped.

What is the scale most What is the scale most geologists use when geologists use when

rating the strength of an rating the strength of an earthquake?earthquake?

Moment magnitude scaleMoment magnitude scale

Explain what a tsunami Explain what a tsunami is, and how they form.is, and how they form.

A very large wave A very large wave caused by an caused by an

underwater earthquakeunderwater earthquake

Explain how a creep Explain how a creep meter works.meter works.

A wire is stretched across a A wire is stretched across a fault, and a weight is attached to fault, and a weight is attached to

it. The distance the weight it. The distance the weight moves, is the distance the fault moves, is the distance the fault

movesmoves

Explain how folded Explain how folded mountains are formed, mountains are formed, and what kind of stress and what kind of stress

the crust is under.the crust is under.

Compression stress causes the Compression stress causes the crust to crumple up like a carpet crust to crumple up like a carpet when you slide something heavy when you slide something heavy

across itacross it

Name a famous strike Name a famous strike slip fault.slip fault.

San AndreasSan Andreas

What type of fault What type of fault occurs involving occurs involving tension forces?tension forces?

Normal faultNormal fault

What type of fault What type of fault occurs under shearing occurs under shearing

stress?stress?

Strike slip/ transformStrike slip/ transform

What is an anticline?What is an anticline?

A peak in a folded A peak in a folded landformlandform

What are the 3 main What are the 3 main types of stress in types of stress in

rocks?rocks?

Compression, tension, Compression, tension, and shearingand shearing

How many earthquake How many earthquake monitoring stations are monitoring stations are

needed to locate an needed to locate an earthquake’s earthquake’s epicenter?epicenter?

33

What are 3 ways to make What are 3 ways to make your house safer for an your house safer for an

earthquake?earthquake?

Bolt the house to the foundation, Bolt the house to the foundation, secure objects, water heaters and secure objects, water heaters and

shelves, reinforce wall frames.shelves, reinforce wall frames.

What is a base isolated What is a base isolated building?building?

A building that rests on A building that rests on shock absorbersshock absorbers

What is the best way to What is the best way to protect yourself in an protect yourself in an

earthquake?earthquake?

Drop, cover, and holdDrop, cover, and hold

What is an aftershock?What is an aftershock?

Smaller earthquake Smaller earthquake tremors following the tremors following the

main earthquakemain earthquake

What is a syncline?What is a syncline?

A valley of folding in a A valley of folding in a landformlandform

What does the Mercalli What does the Mercalli scale use to measure the scale use to measure the power of an earthquake?power of an earthquake?

Damage to people, Damage to people, buildings, and the land buildings, and the land

surfacesurface

What are some things that What are some things that can be done to make an can be done to make an older building safer in an older building safer in an

earthquake area?earthquake area?

Bolt the house to the foundation, Bolt the house to the foundation, secure objects, water heaters and secure objects, water heaters and

shelves, reinforce wall frames.shelves, reinforce wall frames.

Explain the differences Explain the differences between an S wave and a between an S wave and a

P wave.P wave.

P wave is a longitudinal P wave is a longitudinal wave (back and forth), an wave (back and forth), an

S wave is a transverse S wave is a transverse wave (up and down)wave (up and down)

How do satellites monitor How do satellites monitor faults?faults?

Bounce radio waves off Bounce radio waves off the ground, then time it the ground, then time it takes to bounce back takes to bounce back

gives very precise gives very precise measurementsmeasurements

Buildings made of what Buildings made of what material are the worst kind material are the worst kind of building to be in, in an of building to be in, in an

earthquake?earthquake?

Brick and mortar, they are Brick and mortar, they are not flexible enough to not flexible enough to

withstand shakingwithstand shaking

Why is a tsunami not felt Why is a tsunami not felt in deep ocean water?in deep ocean water?

Most of the wave travels Most of the wave travels beneath the surface. When it beneath the surface. When it

gets close to the shore, it gets close to the shore, it pushes the wave up.pushes the wave up.

How should buildings How should buildings be made to reduce be made to reduce

earthquake damage?earthquake damage?

Stronger and more Stronger and more flexibleflexible