Chapter 5: Directing Function of Management
Transcript of Chapter 5: Directing Function of Management
Chapter 5: Directing Function of
Management
Chapter Index
S. No
Reference
No
Particulars
Slide
From-To
1 Learning Objectives 3
2 Topic 1 Concept of Directing 4
3 Topic 2 Concept of Personality 5-11
4 Topic 3 Attitude 12-13
5 Topic 4 Learning 14-16
6 Topic 5 Perception 17
7 Let’s Sum Up 25
Learning Objectives
Explain the concept of directing
Describe the concept of personality
Discuss various personality traits
Explain the concept of attitude
Describe the importance of learning
Discuss the concept of perception
Concept of Directing
Communication
Motivation
Leadership
Supervision
According to G.R. Terry, Direction means moving to action &
supplying stimulative power to the group.
The four important elements of the directing function are:
Concept of Personality
Personality is defined as a combination of physical, mental & moral qualities of
individuals reflected in their unique behaviour, which separates them from others.
Behaviour
Freedom
Peculiarity
Physical, Mental and moral Qualities
Adaptability to Environment
Psychological Systems
Habits
Elements of personality are:
Determinants of Personality
Factors Affecting
Personality
Heredity
Environment
Cultural factor
Family factor
Social factor
Situational factor
Other factors
Values can be defined as an individual’s innate convictions that predetermine his/her
reaction in a particular situation.
Values
Rokeach Value Survey
Terminal values
Instrumental values
Generational Values
Builders
Baby Boomers
X Generation
Y Generation
Relationship Between Personality and Values of an Employee
Theory of person-job fit
It identifies Conventional, Social,
Realistic, Investigating, Enterprising,
and Artistic personalities and link them
with different jobs
Theory of person-organisation fit
The theory tends to link the personality
of employees in an organisation with its
values and culture.
The Big Five Model
Extroversion
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Emotional stability
Openness to experience
Trait Theory
Allows variations in traits
Presumes stable traits
Use behaviour indicators
Freud Theory
Preconscious element
Conscious element
Unconscious element
Socio-Psychological Theory
Sociological attributes
Psychological attributes
Personality Theories
Type A and Type B Personality Theory
Type A; Goal Oriented
Type B: Lethargic
The relationship is shown with the help of below figure:
Personality, Behaviour and Performance
Personality Behaviour Performance
Organisation uses following techniques to match the personality traits with the job
requirements:
Person-organisation fit
Person-job fit
The six types of personality traits and their congruent jobs given by Holland are:
Holland’s Personality Job-Fit Theory
Realistic
Investigative
Social
Conventional
Enterprising
Artistic
Attitude
Attitude can be defined as the tendency of an individual to react positively or
negatively in a specific set of circumstances. The various components of attitude are:
Components of Attitude
Cognitive component
Affective component
Behavioural component
The behaviour of employees at their workplaces is known as job attitude.
The major types of job attitudes are shown below:
Job Attitude
Major Job
Attitudes
Job Satisfaction Organisation
Commitment Job Involvement
Affective
Commitment
Normative
Commitment
Continuance
Commitment
Learning
It deals with the behavioural aspect of learning and
emphasises that the behaviour of an individual
always remains predictable depending upon the
stimulus provided.
The theory of behaviourism is based on the following
three assumptions:
Manifests, observes and measures the change in
behaviour of an individual/animal.
Examines the impact of environment in shaping
the behaviour of an individual or animal.
Emphasises on the principles of contiguity and
reinforcement.
Behaviourism
It says that learning occurs when the schema of knowledge is combined,
extended or altered. It works basically on two key assumptions:
the memory system processes the information in an organised way
prior knowledge plays an important role in learning
Cognitivism
Constructivism/Social Learning
Social Learning Theory
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
Perception
Perception is a function of the information
processed through any or all of the five
senses of sight, touch, taste, hearing and
smell.
In other words, we can say that perception
helps people formulate impressions about
events, daily experiences, environment and
other people around them.
In organisational settings, the filtration of
relevant and irrelevant information
completely depends on the manager’s
perception.