Chapter 5Colonial Society on the

Eve of Revolution

1700-1775

Conquest by the Cradle Common amongst the 13

– huge population growth› 1700

less than 300,000 people 20,000 – black

› 1775 2.5 million About 500,000 were black

› Most of the increase was from birth rate

› Doubling their birthrate every 25 years

› Average age in 1775 - ___

› 1700 – 20:1 ____________________

› 1775 – 3:1 ____________________

Most were east of the Alleghenies

Most populated:› VA, MA, PA, NC, MD

Only “cities:› Phillidelphia (first city)

34,000› NY, Boston, Charleston

90% lived in a rural area

A Mingling of the Races

Melting pot› Michel-Guillaume Jean de

Crevecoeur (Just remember

“Crevecoeur) “What then is the

American, this new man?”› English = 49%› African = 19%› Scottish = 7%› German = 7%› Scots-Irish = 5%› Irish = 3%› Dutch = 3%› Other European = 9%

Middle colonies most diverse

Pennsylvania› Most diverse› Germans made up 1/3 of

the pop Mostly fleeing religious

persecution› Scots-Irish

Rough bunch Backcountry along the

Appalachians Conflicts with the Native

Americans “great wagon road” 12 presidents would be of

S-I descent Outside of NE – ½ of the

pop was non-Eng.

Structure of Colonial Society

Different from Europe› no titled nobility› “rags-to-riches”

Descendants of original settlers struggled more

Around 1750› 10% of Bostonians/Philadelphians owned

_____________________

Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists

Ministers – most _____________________

Physicians› Poorly trained› Perelman School of

Medicine,1765 ___________________________

› Apprenticeships and blood-letting

› Small-pox, diptheria› Inoculations

Lawyers› Not highly regarded

_______________________› Most people argued their

own cases

Workaday America

Triangular Trade› Read 4th paragraph and draw a map with a

key of what the TT would have looked like based on the example in the passage.

Wheat Commerce/Trade

Manufacturing

Lumbering Colonial Naval Stores

Horsepower and Sailpower

Transportation issues› Dirt roads, awful conditions› Long travel time

26 days for new of the _____________________ to reach Charleston from Pennsylvania

Water travel preferable Taverns

› Pop up along routes› Centers of politics and

social gathering Mid 1700s – Postal system

estabilished

Dominant Denominations “Established churches”

› Anglican› Congregational

Anglican - GA, NC, SC, VA, MD, and parts of NY› Description: _____________› College of William and Mary

Congregational › All except RI ____________

Sedition in the pulpit: _______________________

Tolerant, in general

The Great Awakening1730s and 1740s

Decline in piety Puritan decline

› Post-Dominion of New England/Glorious Revolution (post 1688)

› Coastal communities› Elaborate Theology› Liberal church membership

requirements Spiritual conversion not

necessary for church membership

Calvinism vs. Armenianism Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield Old Lights vs. New Lights

(Primary Source Readings)

Schools and Colleges New England

› Reading and writing› Make good ____ not good ______.› Early provide primary and secondary

schools› Mostly for __________› Many go to England for college

Middle and South› Elementary schooling› South struggles with _________

throughout the 1700s› Wealthy

________________________________. Emphasis on religion and classical

(“dead”) languages› Orthodox and dogma

9 colleges established University of Pennsylvania

› Ben Franklin

A Provincial Culture Painters

› Trained in England› Charles Wilson Peale

Literature› Phillis Wheatley

Slave/Poet First _____________

Ben Franklin Poor Richard’s

Almanack (1732-1758) Widely popular

“Scientist Ben” “Inventor Ben

Pioneer Presses Newspapaers,

pamphlets, etc. vs. books› Too poor/to busy

40 _________________ Zenger Trial (1734-

1735)› John Peter Zenger› NY› Seditious libel› Andrew Hamilton

“The question before the Court and you, Gentlemen of the jury, is not of small or private concern. It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty.”

- Andrew Hamilton

NOT GUILTY!

Freedom of the ____________ victory› If it’s true…› Open public

discussion› Hallmark of

____________________› But not fully

The Great Game of Politics

Different forms of gov’t in the colonies› 8 = royal governors› 3 = proprietary (MD, PA,

DE)› 2 = elected their own

governors Self-governing charters

Two-house legislative body› Upper – appointed by

crown, proprietor, voters (RI,CT)

› Lower – voters choose

Self-taxation Royal Governors

› Withholding salaries Local government

› Town meetings› County gov’t› Mix

Voting› Fear of democratic excess› Property or religious

qualifications› ½ of adult white males

___________________ Democracy

› Not pure, but purer than ________________________

› (read sentence on page 94)