CanadaCanada Ch

apter

55

To learn more about Canada’s peopleand places, view The World and ItsPeople Chapter 5 video.

156

Chapter Overview Visit The World and ItsPeople Web site at twip.glencoe.com andclick on Chapter 5—Chapter Overviews topreview information about Canada.

Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies

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http://twip.glencoe.com

Sharing a BorderThe boundary line between

Canada and the United States formsthe longest unprotected border inthe world. Citizens of thesecountries have been allowed totravel freely across the border,which is symbolic of the free tradebetween these nations.

Vancouver, British Columbia

▼

Vancouver, British Columbia

▼

Draw a markat the midpoint.

NorthernCanada

SouthernCanada

Compare-Contrast Make this foldable to help you analyze the similarities and differences between the landforms, climate, and cultures of northern and southern Canada.

Step 1 Mark the midpoint of the sideedge of a sheet of paper.

Step 2 Turn the paper and fold theoutside edges in to touch at the midpoint.

Step 3 Turn and label your foldable as shown.

Reading and Writing As you read the chapter, collectand write information under the appropriate tab that will helpyou compare and contrast northern and southern Canada.

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158 CHAPTER 5

Have you ever seen a lumbering,

snarling grizzly bear up close

and personal? Many tourists

come to Banff National

Park in western Canada

hoping to spot such a

creature. Located in

the Rocky Mountains,

Banff is Canada’s old-

est, best-loved, and

busiest national park.

More than 4 million

visitors a year are drawn

to its spectacular moun-

tain scenery.

11 A Resource-RichCountry

Province EconomicActivities

Guide to Reading

Main Idea

Canada is a vastcountry with manylandforms andresources.

Terms to Know

• province • glacier • tundra• prairie• cordillera• newsprint

Reading Strategy

Create a chart like thisone and list Canada’sprovinces in the leftcolumn. In the rightcolumn, list the maineconomic activities ineach province.

Vikings landed their boats on its eastern coast around A.D. 1000.Niagara Falls thunders in the southeast. Grizzly bears roam its westernregions. What country are we describing? It is Canada.

Canada’s LandscapeCanada, located north of the contiguous United States, is the

world’s second-largest country in land area. Only Russia is larger.Between Canada and the United States lies the world’s longest unde-fended border. The friendship between the two countries has allowedthousands of people to cross this 5,522-mile (8,887-km) border everyday. Like the United States, Canada has the Atlantic Ocean on its east-ern coast and the Pacific Ocean on its western coast.The Arctic Oceanlies to the far north.

Unlike the United States,Canada does not have states. Instead, it has10 provinces, or regional political divisions. It also includes three

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territories. Look at the map on page 119 to find the eastern provinceof Newfoundland and Labrador. Now locate the Maritime Provinces ofNova Scotia,New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.Heading west,you see Quebec and Ontario, followed by the Prairie Provinces ofManitoba, Saskatchewan (suh•SKA•chuh•wuhn), and Alberta. On thefar western coast lies British Columbia. Now find the Yukon Territoryand the Northwest Territories. In 1999 a third territory—Nunavut(NOO•nuh•vuht)—was carved out of part of the Northwest Terri-tories. This area is the homeland of the Inuit.

The Effect of Glaciers Thousands of years ago, huge glaciers, orgiant sheets of ice, covered most of Canada. The weight of these gla-ciers pushed much of the land down and created a large, low basin.Highlands rose on the western, eastern, and northern edges of thisbasin. Water filled the land that was pushed very low. As a result,Canada today has many lakes and inland waterways—more than anyother country in the world.

Look at the map on page 118 to see the horseshoe-shaped regionknown as the Canadian Shield that is wrapped around Hudson Bay.Rocky hills worn down by erosion along with thousands of lakes dotmuch of this wilderness region. Deep within the Canadian Shield areiron ore, copper, nickel, gold, and uranium deposits. Because of theregion’s location and cold climate, few people live here.

To the north lie the Arctic Islands.Much of the landscape here con-sists of tundra—vast rolling, treeless plains in which only the top fewinches of ground thaw in summer. Glaciers blanket the islands that arefarthest north.

Southern Canada From Atlantic to Pacific Many of southernCanada’s physical features extend into the United States. AlongCanada’s southeastern Atlantic coast stretch the Appalachian Highlands

LakeSuperior

St. Mary’sRiver

LakeHuron

LakeOntario

Lake Erie

Sea level

Iroquois Lock

Duluth Soo Locks

Detroit

Montreal

600 ft.(183 m)

579 ft.(176 m)

570 ft.(174 m)

245 ft.(75 m)

St. ClairRiver

DetroitRiver

St. LawrenceRiver

EisenhowerLock

Snell Lock

St. LambertLock

MelochevilleLock

BeauharnoisLock

Côte-Ste.-Catherine Lock

WellandCanal

AtlanticOcean

St. LawrenceRiver

Duluth

Detroit

Canada

United States

L.M

ichi

ga

n

L. Superior

L. Huron

L. Erie

L. Ontari

o

Montreal

St. Lawrence Seaway

Analyzingthe Diagram

The St. LawrenceSeaway provides awater link between theGreat Lakes and theAtlantic Ocean.

Geography Which lakeis completely above sealevel?

Canada 159

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and the Laurentian Highlands. Traveling through this area of Canada,you see rolling hills. The valleys between them are dotted with farms.Forests also blanket much of the landscape. Many deepwater harborsnestle along the jagged, rocky coasts.

Cutting through these highland areas are the fertile lowlands of theSt. Lawrence River and Great Lakes region. This area experiences ahumid continental climate—long, cold winters and short, warm sum-mers. Because of its rich soil and warm summers, this region holdsmost of Canada’s urban centers, industries, and farms. Canada’s largestcity, Toronto, is located in this region. The St. Lawrence River and theGreat Lakes form the major waterway linking central Canada with theAtlantic coast.A diagram on page 159 shows the St.Lawrence Seaway’ssystem of locks and canals. Huge, slow-moving barges carry grain, ore,coal, and more through this waterway, which Canada shares with theUnited States.

Canada also shares the Great Plains with its southern neighbor.Look at the physical map on page 118 to locate this region. It is a hugeprairie—a rolling, inland grassy area with fertile soil. Herds of buffaloonce roamed here. Today large cattle ranches and farms occupy mostof the land.

Another landform shared by Canada and the United States is the Rocky Mountains, part of an area called the cordillera(KAWR•duhl•YEHR•uh).A cordillera is a group of mountain ranges thatrun side by side. The Canadian Rockies are known for their scenicbeauty and rich mineral resources. Tourists are drawn to this area, par-ticularly to Banff and Jasper National Parks.

West of the Rockies you cross high plateaus until you reach theCoast Mountains. These mountains skirt Canada’s Pacific shore and

On Location

Toronto

Toronto and its sub-urbs have well over 4 million people, mak-ing the area Canada’slargest urban center.

Place In whichprovince is Torontolocated?

•

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Canada 161

form another part of the cordillera. A string of islands off Canada’swest coast are actually peaks of underwater mountains.The highestpeak in Canada—Mount Logan—soars 19,551 feet (5,959 m) nearthe border with Alaska.

British Columbia’s southwestern Pacific coastline is similar tothe coastlines of Washington and Oregon. With its marine westcoast climate, this is the only area in Canada that has wet, mild win-ters. In fact, British Columbia’s capital—Victoria—is known for itswell-kept gardens that bloom year-round.

What are three landforms that Canada shares with theUnited States?

Canada’s Economic RegionsCanada is known for fertile farmland, rich natural resources, and

skilled workers. Manufacturing, farming, and service industries are thecountry’s major economic activities. Like the United States,Canada hasa free market economy in which people start and run businesses withlimited government involvement. Canada’s government, however,

40°W140°W

120°W 100°W 80°W60°

W

70°N

40°N

50°N

ARCTIC CIRCLE

60°N

ATLANTICOCEAN

GrandBanks

PACIFICOCEAN

ARCTICOCEAN

LabradorSea

BaffinBay

HudsonBay

Edmonton

Calgary

Regina

Vancouver

Whitehorse

Yellowknife

Iqaluit

Winnipeg

Windsor

MontrealToronto

Quebec HalifaxSydney

CornerBrook

SaintJohn

OttawaHamilton

Victoria

St. John's

UNITED STATES

C A N A D A

ALASKA

Wheat

N

S

EW

Azimuthal Equidistant projection500

5000 mi.

0 km

Canada: Economic Activity

Applying Map Skills

Coal

Copper

Fishing

Resources

Gold

Iron ore

Petroleum

Silver

Uranium

Zinc

Commercial farmingSubsistence farmingRanchingNomadic herdingHunting and gatheringForestsManufacturing areaLittle or no activity

Land Use

1. In which part of Canadadoes ranching take place?

2. In which cities might youexpect to find placeswhere fish are canned?

Find NGS online map resources @www.nationalgeographic.com/maps

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162 CHAPTER 5

plays a more direct role in theCanadian economy. For example,Canada’s national and provincialgovernments provide health care forcitizens. Broadcasting, transporta-tion, and electric power companiesare heavily regulated. These publicservices might not have been avail-able in Canada’s remote areas with-out government support.

As you would expect, geographyplays a major role in where industriesare located. Factors such as nearnessto the ocean, location along theU.S.–Canadian border, and oil andcoal deposits determine where indus-tries, jobs, and people can be found.

Eastern Canada Fishing traditionally has been the major industryin Newfoundland and Labrador and the Maritime Provinces. TheGrand Banks, off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, is one ofthe best fishing grounds in the world. These waters have been over-fished,however.The government now regulates how many fish may becaught in these waters.As a result, fewer Canadians make a living fromthe sea. Instead,most people in the Maritime Provinces today hold jobsin manufacturing, mining, and tourism. Halifax is a major shippingcenter in this region. Its harbor remains open in winter when icecloses many other eastern Canadian ports.

Quebec and Ontario Manufacturing and service industries aredominant in Canada’s largest province, Quebec. Almost one-fourth ofCanadians live in Quebec, where agriculture and fishing are alsoimportant. Montreal, an important port on the St. Lawrence River, isCanada’s second-largest city. It is also a major financial and industrial center. The city of Quebec, founded by the French in 1608, is the cap-ital of the province of Quebec. Many historic sites and a Europeancharm make it popular with tourists.

Canada’s second-largest province is Ontario. It has the most peopleand greatest wealth, however. It produces more than half of Canada’smanufactured goods. Southern Ontario also has fertile land and a grow-ing season long enough for farming. Farmers here grow grains, fruits,and vegetables and raise beef and dairy cattle.

As you know, Toronto is Canada’s largest city. It is also the capitalof Ontario and the country’s chief manufacturing, financial, and com-munications center. Ottawa, the national capital, lies in Ontario nearthe border with Quebec. Many Canadians work in government officesin Ottawa.

The Prairie Provinces and British Columbia Farming and ranch-ing are major economic activities in the Prairie Provinces of Manitoba,

NighttimeHarvest

At harvest time insouthern Saskatch-ewan, the work goeson around the clock.The farms in thePrairie Provinces arelarge and depend onmachinery.

Economics Whatother economic activi-ties take place in thePrairie Provinces?

On Location

•

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Canada 163

Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Canada produces large amounts of wheat,most of which is exported to Europe and Asia. Some of the world’slargest reserves of oil and natural gas are found in Alberta andSaskatchewan. Huge pipelines carry the oil and gas to other parts ofCanada and the United States. Canada is the fifth-largest energy pro-ducer in the world.

Thick forests blanket much of British Columbia. The provincehelps make Canada the world’s leading producer of newsprint, thetype of paper used for printing newspapers. Timber and mining indus-tries add to British Columbia’s wealth. Fishing and tourism are alsostrong economic activities. Fishing fleets sail out into the PacificOcean to catch salmon and other kinds of fish. Vancouver is abustling trade center and Canada’s main Pacific port.

NAFTA About $1 billion worth of trade passes between Canada andthe United States each day. In 1994 Canada, the United States, andMexico entered into the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) to remove trade barriers among the three countries. SomeCanadians fear that their economy is too dependent on the UnitedStates. They worry that the American economy is so large that it willdominate the partnership.

Which city is Canada’s chief manufacturing and communi-cations center?

AssessmentAssessment11Defining Terms1. Define province, glacier, tundra, prairie,

cordillera, newsprint.

Recalling Facts2. History What is unusual about the border

between Canada and the United States?

3. Place Name four of the mineral resourcesfound in the Canadian Shield.

4. Economics Which province is the world’sleading producer of newsprint?

Critical Thinking5. Making Inferences Why is Vancouver a

useful port for Canadian trade with Asiancountries?

6. Drawing Conclusions Explain whysome Canadians worry about NAFTA.

Graphic Organizer7. Organizing Information Create a chart like

this one. Then list each province, the resourcesfound in it, and major cities located there, ifany.

Province Resources Cities

Applying Social Studies Skills

8. Analyzing Maps Look at the economic activ-ity map on page 161. Name the resources andtypes of economic activity that can be foundnear the city of Edmonton.

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Your homework is to make a presentationabout a Canadian province. You want tomake your presentation informative but alsointeresting and fun. One way to do this is to combine several types of media into amultimedia presentation.

Learning the SkillA multimedia presentation involves using

several types of media, including photo-graphs, videos, or sound recordings. Theequipment can range from cassette playersto overhead projectors to VCRs to comput-ers. In your presentation on the Canadianprovince of Ontario, for example, you mightshow photographs of Niagara Falls. Youcould also find a video of people working ina large corporation in Toronto. You can thencombine these items on a computer.

Computer multimedia programs allow youto combine text, video, audio, graphics, andanimation. The tools you need include com-puter graphic and drawing programs, anima-tion programs that make certain images move,and systems that tie everything together.

Practicing the SkillUse the following questions as a guide

when planning your presentation:

1. Which forms of media do I want toinclude? Video? Sound? Animation?Photographs? Graphics?

2. Which of the media forms does my computer support?

3. Which kinds of media equipment areavailable at my school or local library?

4. What types of media can I create toenhance my presentation?

Developing Multimedia Presentations

Applying the Skill

m Various equipment is needed to make multimediapresentations. For example, a photograph of theIce Palace (left) will make your report on theprovince of Quebec more interesting.

164

Plan and create a multimedia presentationon a province in Canada. List three ideas youwould like to cover. Use as many multimediamaterials as possible and share your presen-tation with the class.

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About 32 million people live in Canada. Like the United States,Canada’s population is made up of many different cultures.The largestgroup of Canadians has a European heritage, but the country is hometo people from all countries. Unlike the United States, Canada has haddifficulty achieving a strong sense of being one nation. The country’svast distances and separate cultures cause some Canadians to feelmore closely attached to their own region than to Canada as a whole.

Canada’s HistoryInuit and other Native North Americans lived for thousands of years

in Canada before European settlers arrived. Some lived in coastal fish-ing villages.Others were hunters and gatherers constantly on the move.Still others founded permanent settlements. The first Europeans inCanada were Viking explorers who landed in about A.D. 1000. Theylived for a while on the Newfoundland coast but eventually left.

In the 1500s and 1600s, both Britain and France claimed areas ofCanada. French explorers, settlers, and missionaries founded severalcities.The most important were Quebec and Montreal. For almost 230

165

22

History

Population

Culture

Guide to Reading

Main Idea

Canadians of manydifferent backgroundslive in towns and citiesclose to the UnitedStates border.

Terms to Know

• dominion• parliamentary

democracy• prime minister• bilingual• autonomy

Reading Strategy

Create a chart like thisone and give at leasttwo facts aboutCanada for each topic.

Arrêt or Stop? People living

in Quebec need to

know both words

when they cross the

street. Canada has

two official languages—

English and French.

All government docu-

ments are printed in

both languages. In

Quebec, even the

school system is

divided into French

and English.

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166 CHAPTER 5

years, France ruled the area around the St. Lawrence River and theGreat Lakes. This region was called New France.

During the 1600s and 1700s,England and France fought each otherfor territory around the globe. Eventually, by 1763, the British gainedcontrol of all of Canada.Tragically,European warfare and diseases weredestroying the Native American cultures during this time.

From Colony to Nation For about 100 years, Great Britain heldCanada as a colony. As you recall from Chapter 4, a colony is an over-seas territory with ties to the parent country. While Canada was ruledby Great Britain, English and French areas were kept separate. Eachregion had its own colonial government. In 1867 the different coloniesof Canada became one nation known as the Dominion of Canada. As adominion, Canada had its own government to run local affairs. GreatBritain,however, still controlled Canada’s relations with other countries.

The new Canadian government promised continued protection forthe French language and culture in Quebec. Yet many English-speakingCanadians did not always keep this promise. French speakers oftenclaimed that they were treated unfairly because of their heritage.Canadawas often torn apart by disputes between the two ethnic groups.

During the 1900s, Canadians fought side by side with the Britishand Americans in the two World Wars. Canada’s loyal support in theseconflicts gradually led to the nation’s full independence. In 1982Canadians peacefully won the right to change their constitution with-out British approval. Today only one major link between Canada andGreat Britain remains. The British king or queen still reigns as king orqueen of Canada, but this is a ceremonial position with no real power.

Canada’s Government The Canadians have a British-style parlia-mentary democracy. In a parliamentary democracy, voters elect

ClothingThe Inuit of the Canadian Arctic designed their

clothes for protection from the harsh climate.Traditional clothing was made up of a caribou orsealskin parka, pants, mittens, and boots. In winterthe Inuit wore their furs facing toward the skin. Thiscreated air pockets that trapped warm air close tothe body. On top they wore another layer with thefur facing outward. The clothing flapped as thewearer moved, creating a breeze that kept the per-son from overheating while running or working.

Looking Closer How does traditional clothing pro-tect the Inuit from the harsh climate?

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representatives to a lawmaking body called Parliament. These repre-sentatives then choose an official called the prime minister to headthe government. The British king or queen visits Canada only once ina while, so a Canadian official called the governor-general carries outmost of the government’s ceremonial duties.

What was the result of Great Britain keeping the Frenchand British areas separate?

A Bilingual CountryCanada’s history of being colonized by both France and Great Britain

means that two European languages and cultures exist together today.About one-fourth of the Canadians are descended from French-speakingsettlers. (By comparison, in the United States, only 1 person out of 20claims French ancestry.) Most of these people live in Quebec. There,the French, not the British, are the majority ethnic group.

The people of Quebec have long refused to give up their Frenchlanguage and customs. They did not want to “become English.” As aresult,Canada today is a bilingual country,with two official languages.

A DECLARATION OF FIRST NATIONS

“We the Original Peoples of this land know the Creator put us here.The Creator gave us laws that govern all our relationships to livein harmony with nature and mankind.The Laws of the Creator defined our rights and responsibilities.The Creator gave us our spiritual beliefs, our languages, ourculture, and a place on Mother Earth, which provided us with all our needs.We have maintained our Freedom, our Languages, and our Traditions fromtime immemorial.We continue to exercise the rights and fulfill the responsibilities andobligations given to us by the Creator for the land upon which we were placed.The Creator has given us the right to govern ourselves and the right to self-determination.The rights and responsibilities given to us by the Creator cannot be alteredor taken away by any other Nation.”Copyright © Assembly of First Nations National Indian Brotherhood 2001

Analyzing Primary Sources

The U.S. Declaration of Independence states that “. . . all menare created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable Rights. . .” Look up the meaning ofunalienable. Then, identify the line in the Declaration of FirstNations that expresses the same idea.

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168 CHAPTER 5

An official language is one that is recognized by the government asbeing a legal language for conducting government business. Govern-ment documents and publications in Canada are printed in English andFrench. Traffic signs are also printed in both languages. School stu-dents learn to speak both languages. Of course, some areas of thecountry favor one language over the other. What language do youthink is more popular in Quebec?

For many years, many French-speaking people have wantedQuebec to secede,or withdraw, from Canada.They would like Quebecto become an independent country, apart from the rest of theCanadian provinces. They do not believe that French culture can beprotected in a largely English-speaking country. So far, they have beendefeated in two very important votes on this issue. However, Canada’sfuture as a united country is still uncertain.

What are Canada’s two official languages?

Nunavut, A New TerritoryAs you have already learned, the first peoples of Canada were Inuit

and other Native Americans. In recent years, the Canadian governmenthas given these peoples more control over their land. In 1999 the newterritory of Nunavut was created for the Inuit. Nunavut is an Inuitword that means “our land.”The Inuit now control the government andmineral rights in this new territory. In this way, most of the Inuit livingin Canada have autonomy, or the right to govern themselves. Whenissues involve other nations, however, the national government ofCanada still makes the decisions.

Nunavut is almost three times the size of the state of Texas. Part ofit lies on the North American continent,but more than half of Nunavutis made up of hundreds of islands in the Arctic Ocean. As large as it is,Nunavut does not include all of Canada’s Inuit people. Many live inQuebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Northwest Territories.

The population of Nunavut is also different from the rest of Canadabecause of its age.More than 60 percent of the population is under theage of 25. Finding jobs to take care of the young population is difficultbecause there is not much industry in this region. The government isthe largest employer, but there are not enough jobs. People often musthunt and fish to make sure they have enough food and warm clothesto stay alive. Nunavut must develop an economy that will grow alongwith its population so that its citizens will not have to depend on gov-ernment welfare.

For whom was Nunavut created?

A Growing Ethnic DiversityLike the United States,Canada has opened its doors to a great many

immigrants.Ukrainians, for example,first settled in the Prairie Provincesabout 100 years ago. Many other settlers came from Italy, Hungary, andother European countries.

Time to PlayFifteen-year-old Natalie

Menard has been playingice hockey since she was five years old. Wintersare long in Quebec, soNatalie enjoys plenty oftime on the ice. Nataliealso enjoys visiting hercousin Angela, who livesin Toronto, Ontario. Morethan 6 miles (10 km) ofcovered walkways andunderground tunnels indowntown Toronto con-nect subways with shops,offices, hotels, and restau-rants. Natalie and Angelawalk from place to placewithout even thinking ofthe weather.

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Canada 169

In the 1960s, Canada welcomed refugees and other people wholost their homes due to war or natural disasters. Many of these peoplecame from Asia,especially China,Southeast Asia, and India.Cities suchas Vancouver on the west coast have sizeable Asian populations.ManyAfricans have also migrated to Canada.

Canada has a long history of religious diversity as well. MostCanadians are Roman Catholic or Protestant.Many also follow Judaism,Buddhism, Hinduism, or Islam.

Food, Sports, and Recreation Since Canada has such ethnic diver-sity, people here enjoy a variety of tasty foods. People from many dif-ferent groups have settled in cities such as Toronto.You can walk downthe street and sample the foods of Ukraine,Greece, Italy, the Caribbean,and Asia all in the same day.

Canadians enjoy a variety of activities, especially outdoor sports.You will find local parks and national parks crowded with peopleexercising and having fun. Many young Canadians enjoy playing icehockey. They also take part in other winter sports, including skiing,skating,curling,and snowboarding.During the summer, they might gosailing on Lake Ontario. Professional football and hockey are popularspectator sports. Many Canadian sports fans also flock to see themajor league baseball games played in Toronto’s and Montreal’s largeindoor stadiums.

What groups make up Canada’s diverse population?

AssessmentAssessment22

Religion

LanguageSports

Food

Canada'sDiversity

Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies

Web Activity VisitThe World and ItsPeople Web site attwip.glencoe.com andclick on Chapter 5—Student WebActivities to learnmore about Quebec’sFrench culture.

Defining Terms1. Define dominion, parliamentary democracy,

prime minister, bilingual, autonomy.

Recalling Facts2. History Who were the first peoples to live in

Canada?

3. Government What is the new territory thatwas created in 1999, and what does its namemean?

4. Culture Name four activities enjoyed byCanadians.

Critical Thinking5. Analyzing Information What is the link

between Canada and Great Britain?

6. Summarizing Information What are tworeasons for Canada’s ethnic diversity?

Graphic Organizer7. Organizing Information Create a diagram

like this one. List two examples under eachheading in the outer ovals.

Applying Social Studies Skills

8. Analyzing Graphs Look at the bottom circlegraph on page 121. What percentage ofCanada’s people are French? British? OtherEuropean?

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http://twip.glencoe.com

Matthew Coon Come: Man With a Mission

ARTART SCIENCESCIENCE CULTURECULTURE TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

170 CHAPTER 5

1. Why was Matthew Coon Come so opposed to theproposed hydroelectric project?

2. How will the Native Americans be affected ifQuebec is successful in seceding from Canada?

3. Synthesizing Information Matthew Coon Comehas his Christian name and his Cree name. Theyrepresent the two worlds he lives in. Develop a newname for yourself and explain what it represents.

h Matthew Coon Come

Ne-Ha-Ba-Nus—“the one who wakes upwith the sun”—is also known as MatthewCoon Come. A leader of his Cree people andthe National Chief of the Assembly of FirstNations, Matthew has worked to preserve therights of Canada’s native peoples.

A Proud Chief

In 1990 Matthew Coon Come led a fightagainst a proposed hydroelectric project, whichwould have flooded Cree lands in Quebec. Hehelped organize a canoe trip to get publicity for Cree leaders. The trip was from James Bay,across Lake Erie, down the Hudson River, andfinally to New York City. The strategy was bril-liantly effective. Coon Come gained much-neededworldwide attention and made his plea directlyto New Yorkers, who cancelled their plans to buypower from the proposed project.

As Grand Chief of the Cree of northernQuebec, Coon Come became a foe of industryand politicians who want to separate Quebecfrom Canada. He stated that even if Quebecsecedes from Canada, the Native Americans living there want to stay part of Canada.Coon Come spoke for only 12,000 Cree, Inuit,Nadkapi, and Innu people, but they live on two-thirds of the land area of Quebec.

What if these Native American peoples, whocontrol two-thirds Quebec’s land, would elect torejoin Canada if Quebec seceded? Would thismean a problem for the newly formed Quebecnation? No one is really sure what would happenin that case.

For recognition of his leadership in environ-mental, human rights, and tribal communities,Matthew Coon Come has received numerousawards.

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Chapter

55

Terms to Know province glacier tundra prairiecordilleranewsprint

Main IdeaCanada is a vast country with many landforms and resources.✓Region Canada, the second-largest country in the world, is rich in natural

resources.✓Economics Canada’s economy is rich in fertile farmland, mineral resources,

and skilled workers.✓Economics One of the best fishing grounds in the world is found in the

Grand Banks off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador.✓Place Quebec is the largest province.✓Culture Quebec and Ontario have Canada’s largest cities and most of its

people.

Section 1 A Resource-Rich CountrySection 1

Reading ReviewReading Review

The Canadians Terms to Know dominion parliamentary

democracy prime minister bilingual autonomy

Main Idea Canadians of many different backgrounds live in towns and cities closeto the United States border. ✓History Inuit and other Native Americans were the first Canadians. French

and British settlers later built homes in Canada. Large numbers of immigrantshave recently come from Asia and eastern Europe.

✓Government Canada’sgovernment is a parlia-mentary democracyheaded by a prime minister.

✓Culture Some people inFrench-speaking Quebecwant to separate fromthe rest of Canada.

✓Culture Canada’s native peoples haverecently been givenmore autonomy to govern themselves.

Section 2Section 2

Canada 171

Horseshoe Falls, Canada—one of the two waterfalls that makes up Niagara Falls #

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Chapter

55Assessment

and ActivitiesAssessment

and Activities

1. Hudson Bay

2. Nunavut

3. BritishColumbia

4. Ottawa

5. Quebec(province)

6. St. LawrenceRiver

7. RockyMountains

8. Winnipeg

9. Ontario

10. Nova Scotia

Canada

F

ID

BJ

GH

C

E

A

N

S

E

W

Azimuthal Equidistant projection500

5000 mi.

0 km

Place Location ActivityOn a separate sheet of paper, matchthe letters on the map with thenumbered places listed below.

Using Key Terms Match the terms in Part A with their definitions in Part B.

A.1. province 6. dominion 2. glacier 7. autonomy 3. prairie 8. bilingual 4. cordillera 9. prime minister 5. newsprint 10. parliamentary

democracy

B.a. having or speaking two languages b. giant sheet of ice c. right of self-governmentd. voters elect representatives to a lawmaking

body called Parliament

e. government leader chosen by Parliament f. inland grassy area with fertile soilg. type of paper used for newspapersh. regional political division i. group of mountain ranges that run side by sidej. nation that has its own government to run

local affairs

Reviewing the Main Ideas Section 1 A Resource-Rich Country11. Economics What kind of economy does

Canada have?12. Region Which three provinces are good

agricultural areas? 13. Location Which province is the most

heavily populated? 14. Government Describe two ways in

which Canada’s government plays a rolein the nation’s economy.

15. Geography Which of Canada’s landformsare shared with the United States?

16. Economics What are three economicactivities of British Columbia?

17. Human/Environment InteractionExplain why Canada’s government mustregulate how many fish can be caught inthe Grand Banks.

Section 2 The Canadians 18. Culture Why do some of Quebec’s peo-

ple want independence from Canada? 19. Place What is Canada’s national capital,

and in which province is it located?20. History Who were the first people of

Canada?

171-173 U2 CH05 RR TWIP-860976 3/22/04 11:04 PM Page 172

0

40,000

20,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Pop

ula

tio

n

140,000

120,000

Source: Statistics Canada, 2003.

Briti

sh

Colum

bia

North

west

Te

rrito

ries

Queb

ec

Nuna

vut

Onta

rio

Manit

oba

Native North American Populations byCanadian Province in 2001

North AmericanIndianMétisInuit

1. Which of the following provinces has thelargest North American Indian population?A Northwest TerritoriesB ManitobaC OntarioD British Columbia

2. In what part of Canada does most of theMétis population live?F The northern part of the countryG The center of CanadaH Near the Atlantic coast J In cities such as Toronto and Ontario

173

Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies

Self-Check Quiz Visit The World and ItsPeople Web site at twip.glencoe.com andclick on Chapter 5—Self-Check Quizzesto prepare for the Chapter Test.

Standardized Test Practice

Test-Taking Tip: Sometimes you cannotanswer a question directly from the infor-mation in a map or a graph. In these cases,you have to make an inference, or draw aconclusion, that is supported by informa-tion in the map or graph. The clues mayalso help you get rid of wrong choices.

Directions: Study the graph below, and thenanswer the questions that follow.

Landforms Resources

Major Cities ProductsProvince or Territory

H

Critical Thinking 21. Making Comparisons Compare the cli-

mates of western and eastern Canada.

22. Analyzing Information Why do mostCanadians live in southern Canada?

23. Categorizing Information Choose one ofCanada’s provinces or territories. Completea chart like the one below with at least twofacts or examples under each heading.

Comparing Regions Activity24. Culture As you learned in this chapter,

Canada is a bilingual country. India andBelgium are also bilingual nations. Make a chart to list these three countries andresearch to find the languages spoken there.Then research the histories of these nationsto determine why each is bilingual. Compareyour findings among nations.

Mental Mapping Activity 25. Focusing on the Region Create a simple

outline map of Canada. Refer to the map onpage 119, and then label the following:

• Arctic Ocean • British Columbia• Quebec (province) • Rocky Mountains• Pacific Ocean • Nunavut • Ontario • Hudson Bay• Atlantic Ocean • Ottawa

Technology Skills Activity26. Using the Internet Access the Internet and

search for information on the Inuit and thenew territory of Nunavut. Create an illus-trated time line that shows the steps leadingto the creation of the new territory.

171-173 U2 CH05 RR TWIP-860976 3/25/04 10:16 PM Page 173

http://twip.glencoe.com

The World and Its People - Kentucky EditionKentucky Core Content for Social Studies AssessmentTable of ContentsCore Content for Social Studies Assessment, Grade 6Correlation to the Core Content for Social Studies AssessmentPreparing for Standardized TestsStandardized Test PracticeFocus on KentuckyDepth of Knowledge Levels

Table of ContentsPreviewing Your TextbookScavenger HuntReading Skills HandbookIdentifying Words and Building VocabularyReading for a ReasonUnderstanding What You ReadThinking About Your ReadingUnderstanding Text Structure

National Geographic Reference AtlasThe World: PoliticalNorth America: PoliticalNorth America: PhysicalUnited States: PoliticalUnited States: PhysicalCanada: Physical/PoliticalMiddle America: Physical/PoliticalSouth America: PoliticalSouth America: PhysicalEurope: PoliticalEurope: PhysicalAfrica: PoliticalAfrica: PhysicalAsia: PoliticalAsia: PhysicalMiddle East: Physical/PoliticalPacific Rim: Physical/PoliticalArctic Ocean: PhysicalAntarctica: Physical

National Geographic Geography HandbookHow Do I Study Geography?How Do I Use Maps and Globes?Understanding Latitude and LongitudeFrom Globes to MapsCommon Map ProjectionsParts of MapsTypes of MapsUsing Graphs, Charts, and DiagramsGeographic Dictionary

Be an Active ReaderUnit 1: The WorldChapter 1: Looking at the EarthSection 1: Thinking Like a GeographerSection 2: The Earth in SpaceSection 3: Forces Shaping the EarthSection 4: Landforms and WaterwaysChapter 1 Reading ReviewChapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationSection 1: The Water PlanetSection 2: ClimateSection 3: Climate Zones and VegetationSection 4: An Environmental BalanceChapter 2 Reading ReviewChapter 2 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleSection 1: Understanding CultureSection 2: Population PatternsSection 3: Resources and World TradeSection 4: Technology “Shrinks” the WorldChapter 3 Reading ReviewChapter 3 Assessment and Activities

Unit 2: The United States and CanadaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 4: The United StatesSection 1: From Sea to Shining SeaSection 2: An Economic LeaderSection 3: The AmericansChapter 4 Reading ReviewChapter 4 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 5: CanadaSection 1: A Resource-Rich CountrySection 2: The CanadiansChapter 5 Reading ReviewChapter 5 Assessment and Activities

Unit 3: Latin AmericaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 6: MexicoSection 1: Mexico’s Land and EconomySection 2: Mexico’s HistorySection 3: Mexico TodayChapter 6 Reading ReviewChapter 6 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsSection 1: Central AmericaSection 2: Cultures of the CaribbeanChapter 7 Reading ReviewChapter 7 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsSection 1: Brazil—Emerging GiantSection 2: Argentina to VenezuelaChapter 8 Reading ReviewChapter 8 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesSection 1: Colombia’s Cultures and ChallengesSection 2: Land and People of Peru and EcuadorSection 3: The Bolivians and ChileansChapter 9 Reading ReviewChapter 9 Assessment and Activities

Unit 4: EuropeNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 10: Europe—Early HistorySection 1: Classical Greece and RomeSection 2: Medieval EuropeSection 3: From Renaissance to RevolutionChapter 10 Reading ReviewChapter 10 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistorySection 1: The Modern Era EmergesSection 2: A Divided ContinentSection 3: Moving Toward UnityChapter 11 Reading ReviewChapter 11 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodaySection 1: The British IslesSection 2: France and the Benelux CountriesSection 3: Germany and the Alpine CountriesSection 4: The Nordic NationsSection 5: Southern EuropeChapter 12 Reading ReviewChapter 12 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeSection 1: Poland and the Baltic RepublicsSection 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and SlovaksSection 3: Rebuilding the Balkan CountriesSection 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and MoldovaChapter 13 Reading ReviewChapter 13 Assessment and Activities

Unit 5: Russia and the Eurasian RepublicsNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistorySection 1: A Vast LandSection 2: A Troubled HistoryChapter 14 Reading ReviewChapter 14 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsSection 1: From Communism to Free EnterpriseSection 2: Russia’s People and CultureSection 3: The Republics EmergeChapter 15 Reading ReviewChapter 15 Assessment and Activities

Unit 6: North Africa and Southwest AsiaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationSection 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptSection 2: Three World ReligionsChapter 16 Reading ReviewChapter 16 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 17: North Africa TodaySection 1: EgyptSection 2: Libya and the MaghrebChapter 17 Reading ReviewChapter 17 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaSection 1: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, JordanSection 2: Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesSection 3: The Arabian PeninsulaSection 4: Iraq, Iran, and AfghanistanChapter 18 Reading ReviewChapter 18 Assessment and Activities

Unit 7: Africa South of the SaharaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 19: West AfricaSection 1: Nigeria—African GiantSection 2: The Sahel and Coastal West AfricaChapter 19 Reading ReviewChapter 19 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaSection 1: Central AfricaSection 2: People of Kenya and TanzaniaSection 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and BurundiSection 4: The Horn of AfricaChapter 20 Reading ReviewChapter 20 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionSection 1: The New South AfricaSection 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, BotswanaSection 3: Coastal and Island CountriesChapter 21 Reading ReviewChapter 21 Assessment and Activities

Unit 8: AsiaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 22: South AsiaSection 1: India—Past and PresentSection 2: Pakistan and BangladeshSection 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island RepublicsChapter 22 Reading ReviewChapter 22 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsSection 1: China’s Land and New EconomySection 2: Dynasties to CommunismSection 3: China’s NeighborsChapter 23 Reading ReviewChapter 23 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasSection 1: Japan—Past and PresentSection 2: The Two KoreasChapter 24 Reading ReviewChapter 24 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaSection 1: Life on the MainlandSection 2: Diverse Island CulturesChapter 25 Reading ReviewChapter 25 Assessment and Activities

Unit 9: Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaNational Geographic Regional AtlasChapter 26: Australia and New ZealandSection 1: Australia—Land Down UnderSection 2: New ZealandChapter 26 Reading ReviewChapter 26 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaSection 1: Pacific Island Cultures and EconomiesSection 2: The Frozen ContinentChapter 27 Reading ReviewChapter 27 Assessment and Activities

AppendixWhat Is an Appendix?Nations of the World Data BankStandardized Test Skills HandbookHonoring AmericaGazetteerGlossarySpanish GlossaryIndexAcknowledgements

FeaturesNational Geographic Eye on the EnvironmentNational Geographic Geography & HistorySkillsSocial Studies SkillsCritical Thinking SkillsTechnology SkillsStudy and Writing Skills

Making ConnectionsArtScienceCultureTechnology

Exploring CultureExploring GovernmentTeen SceneBelieve It or Not!Primary SourceLiteratureBuilding CitizenshipExploring EconomicsTime Reports: Focus on World IssuesMapsCharts and Graphs

Student WorkbooksActive Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student EditionChapter 1: Looking at the EarthSection 1: Thinking Like a GeographerSection 2: The Earth in SpaceSection 3: Forces Shaping the EarthSection 4: Landforms and Waterways

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationSection 1: The Water PlanetSection 2: ClimateSection 3: Climate Zones and VegetationSection 4: An Environmental Balance

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleSection 1: Understanding CultureSection 2: Population PatternsSection 3: Resources and World TradeSection 4: Technology “Shrinks” the World

Chapter 4: The United StatesSection 1: From Sea to Shining SeaSection 2: An Economic LeaderSection 3: The Americans

Chapter 5: CanadaSection 1: A Resource-Rich CountrySection 2: The Canadians

Chapter 6: MexicoSection 1: Mexico’s Land and EconomySection 2: Mexico’s HistorySection 3: Mexico Today

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsSection 1: Central AmericaSection 2: Cultures of the Caribbean

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsSection 1: Brazil—Emerging GiantSection 2: Argentina to Venezuela

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesSection 1: Colombia’s Cultures and ChallengesSection 2: Land and People of Peru and EcuadorSection 3: The Bolivians and Chileans

Chapter 10: Europe—Early HistorySection 1: Classical Greece and RomeSection 2: Medieval EuropeSection 3: From Renaissance to Revolution

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistorySection 1: The Modern Era EmergesSection 2: A Divided ContinentSection 3: Moving Toward Unity

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodaySection 1: The British IslesSection 2: France and the Benelux CountriesSection 3: Germany and the Alpine CountriesSection 4: The Nordic NationsSection 5: Southern Europe

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeSection 1: Poland and the Baltic RepublicsSection 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and SlovaksSection 3: Rebuilding the Balkan CountriesSection 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova

Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistorySection 1: A Vast LandSection 2: A Troubled History

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsSection 1: From Communism to Free EnterpriseSection 2: Russia’s People and CultureSection 3: The Republics Emerge

Chapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationSection 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptSection 2: Three World Religions

Chapter 17: North Africa TodaySection 1: EgyptSection 2: Libya and the Maghreb

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaSection 1: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, JordanSection 2: Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesSection 3: The Arabian PeninsulaSection 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan

Chapter 19: West AfricaSection 1: Nigeria—African GiantSection 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaSection 1: Central AfricaSection 2: People of Kenya and TanzaniaSection 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and BurundiSection 4: The Horn of Africa

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionSection 1: The New South AfricaSection 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, BotswanaSection 3: Coastal and Island Countries

Chapter 22: South AsiaSection 1: India—Past and PresentSection 2: Pakistan and BangladeshSection 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsSection 1: China’s Land and New EconomySection 2: Dynasties to CommunismSection 3: China’s Neighbors

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasSection 1: Japan—Past and PresentSection 2: The Two Koreas

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaSection 1: Life on the MainlandSection 2: Diverse Island Cultures

Chapter 26: Australia and New ZealandSection 1: Australia—Land Down UnderSection 2: New Zealand

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaSection 1: Pacific Island Cultures and EconomiesSection 2: The Frozen Continent

Activity Workbook - Student EditionChapter 1: Looking at the EarthActivity A: Recognizing Our Solar SystemActivity B: Identifying Landforms

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationActivity A: Understanding the Water CycleActivity B: Charting Climate Characteristics

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleActivity A: Recognizing the Culture RegionsActivity B: Identifying Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

Chapter 4: The United StatesActivity A: Identifying Major Landforms in the United StatesActivity B: Recognizing the Features of Your Region

Chapter 5: CanadaActivity: Identifying Characteristics of the Canadian Provinces and Territories

Chapter 6: MexicoActivity A: Identifying Mexico's Altitude ZonesActivity B: Understanding Mexico's Native American Heritage

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsActivity A: Recognizing Central American CapitalsActivity B: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of the Caribbean Islands

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsActivity A: Identifying Landforms in BrazilActivity B: Identifying the History and Cultures of Caribbean South America

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesActivity: Recognizing the Mineral Resources of the Andean Countries

Chapter 10: Europe—Early HistoryActivity A: Understanding the History of Early EuropeActivity B: Identifying Important Figures of the Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistoryActivity A: Analyzing Changes in European HistoryActivity B: Understanding the Cold War

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodayActivity A: Charting the Economies of Western EuropeActivity B: Identifying the Geographic Characteristics of Western EuropeActivity C: Identifying the Populations of Countries in Northern EuropeActivity D: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of Southern Europe

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeActivity A: Locating Eastern European Countries and Their Capital CitiesActivity B: Identifying Characteristics of Eastern Europe

Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistoryActivity A: Identifying Major Geographic Features of RussiaActivity B: Appreciating the History of Russia

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsActivity A: Identifying Russia's Economic RegionsActivity B: Recognizing the Capitals of the Caucasus and Central Asia

Chapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationActivity A: Recognizing Early CivilizationsActivity B: Identifying Religions of Southwest Asia

Chapter 17: North Africa TodayActivity A: Interpreting an Economic Activity Map of North AfricaActivity B: Creating and Interpreting a Pictograph

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaActivity A: Interpreting a Physical MapActivity B: The Cities and People of Southwest Asia

Chapter 19: West AfricaActivity: Recognizing the Countries of West Africa

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaActivity A: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of Central AfricaActivity B: Recognizing the History of East Africa

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionActivity: Recognizing the Resources in Southern Africa

Chapter 22: South AsiaActivity A: Recognizing the Physical Features of South AsiaActivity B: Recognizing the Cultural Features of South Asia

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsActivity A: Identifying the Landforms of ChinaActivity B: Recognizing China's People and CultureActivity C: Identifying China's Neighbors and New Territories

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasActivity A: Understanding Japan's HistoryActivity B: Recognizing the Location of Korea

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaActivity A: Recognizing the Varied Features of Southeast Asian CountriesActivity B: Locating the Capital of Southeast Asia

Chapter 26: Australia and New ZealandActivity: Understanding the Unique Characteristics of Australia and New Zealand

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaActivity A: Identifying the Geographic and Economic Characteristics of OceaniaActivity B: Recognizing the Unique Characteristics of Antarctica

Haitian Creole SummariesChapit 1: Le n'ap gade Latè aChapit 2: Dlo, Klima ak VejetasyonChapit 3: Pèp Monn nanChapit 4: LèzetaziniChapit 5: KanadaChapit 6: MeksikChapit 7: Amerik Santral ak Zil Karayib yoChapit 8: Brezil ak Vwazen Li yoChapit 9: Peyi Zann yoChapit 10: Ewòp - Istwa AnsyenChapit 11: Ewòp - Istwa ModènChapit 12: Ewòp De Lwès Jodi aChapit 13: Nouvo Ewòp de Lès laChapit 14: Peyizaj ak Istwa LarisiChapit 15: Nouvo Risi an ak Repiblik Endepandan yoChapit 16: Bèso Sivilizasyon anChapit 17: Afrik Dinè Jodi aChapit 18: Azi Di SidwèsChapit 19: Afrik De LwèsChapit 20: Afrik Sentral ak Afrik De LèsChapit 21: Sid Afrik la -Yon Rejyon VaryeChapit 22: Lazi DisidChapit 23: Lachin ak Vwazen Li yoChapit 24: Japon ak Kore yoChapit 25: Lazi di SidèsChapit 26: Ostrali ak Nouvèl ZelannChapit 27: Oseyani ak Antatik la

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionChapter 1: Looking at the EarthStudy Guide 1: Thinking Like a GeographerStudy Guide 2: The Earth in SpaceStudy Guide 3: Forces Shaping the EarthStudy Guide 4: Landforms and Waterways

Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationStudy Guide 1: The Water PlanetStudy Guide 2: ClimateStudy Guide 3: Climate Zones and VegetationStudy Guide 4: An Environmental Balance

Chapter 3: The World's PeopleStudy Guide 1: Understanding CultureStudy Guide 2: Population PatternsStudy Guide 3: Resources and World TradeStudy Guide 4: Technology “Shrinks” the World

Chapter 4: The United StatesStudy Guide 1: From Sea to Shining SeaStudy Guide 2: An Economic LeaderStudy Guide 3: The Americans

Chapter 5: CanadaStudy Guide 1: A Resource-Rich CountryStudy Guide 2: The Canadians

Chapter 6: MexicoStudy Guide 1: Mexico’s Land and EconomyStudy Guide 2: Mexico’s HistoryStudy Guide 3: Mexico Today

Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean IslandsStudy Guide 1: Central AmericaStudy Guide 2: Cultures of the Caribbean

Chapter 8: Brazil and Its NeighborsStudy Guide 1: Brazil—Emerging GiantStudy Guide 2: Argentina to Venezuela

Chapter 9: The Andean CountriesStudy Guide 1: Colombia’s Cultures and ChallengesStudy Guide 2: Land and People of Peru and EcuadorStudy Guide 3: The Bolivians and Chileans

Chapter 10: Europe—Early HistoryStudy Guide 1: Classical Greece and RomeStudy Guide 2: Medieval EuropeStudy Guide 3: From Renaissance to Revolution

Chapter 11: Europe—Modern HistoryStudy Guide 1: The Modern Era EmergesStudy Guide 2: A Divided ContinentStudy Guide 3: Moving Toward Unity

Chapter 12: Western Europe TodayStudy Guide 1: The British IslesStudy Guide 2: France and the Benelux CountriesStudy Guide 3: Germany and the Alpine CountriesStudy Guide 4: The Nordic NationsStudy Guide 5: Southern Europe

Chapter 13: The New Eastern EuropeStudy Guide 1: Poland and the Baltic RepublicsStudy Guide 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and SlovaksStudy Guide 3: Rebuilding the Balkan CountriesStudy Guide 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova

Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and HistoryStudy Guide 1: A Vast LandStudy Guide 2: A Troubled History

Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent RepublicsStudy Guide 1: From Communism to Free EnterpriseStudy Guide 2: Russia’s People and CultureStudy Guide 3: The Republics Emerge

Chapter 16: Birthplace of CivilizationStudy Guide 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptStudy Guide 2: Three World Religions

Chapter 17: North Africa TodayStudy Guide 1: EgyptStudy Guide 2: Libya and the Maghreb

Chapter 18: Southwest AsiaStudy Guide 1: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, JordanStudy Guide 2: Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesStudy Guide 3: The Arabian PeninsulaStudy Guide 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan

Chapter 19: West AfricaStudy Guide 1: Nigeria—African GiantStudy Guide 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa

Chapter 20: Central and East AfricaStudy Guide 1: Central AfricaStudy Guide 2: People of Kenya and TanzaniaStudy Guide 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and BurundiStudy Guide 4: The Horn of Africa

Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied RegionStudy Guide 1: The New South AfricaStudy Guide 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, BotswanaStudy Guide 3: Coastal and Island Countries

Chapter 22: South AsiaStudy Guide 1: India—Past and PresentStudy Guide 2: Pakistan and BangladeshStudy Guide 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics

Chapter 23: China and Its NeighborsStudy Guide 1: China’s Land and New EconomyStudy Guide 2: Dynasties to CommunismStudy Guide 3: China’s Neighbors

Chapter 24: Japan and the KoreasStudy Guide 1: Japan—Past and PresentStudy Guide 2: The Two Koreas

Chapter 25: Southeast AsiaStudy Guide 1: Life on the MainlandStudy Guide 2: Diverse Island Cultures

Chapter 26: Australia and New ZealandStudy Guide 1: Australia—Land Down UnderStudy Guide 2: New Zealand

Chapter 27: Oceania and AntarcticaStudy Guide 1: Pacific Island Cultures and EconomiesStudy Guide 2: The Frozen Continent

Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionCapítulo 1: Mirar la TierraGuía de estudio 1: Pensar como un geógrafoGuía de estudio 2: La Tierra en el espacioGuía de estudio 3: Las fuerzas que dan forma a la Tierra Guía de estudio 4: Accidentes geográficos y vías fluviales

Capítulo 2: Agua, clima y vegetaciónGuía de estudio 1: El planeta del aguaGuía de estudio 2: ClimaGuía de estudio 3: Zonas climáticas y la vegetaciónGuía de estudio 4: Un equilibrio ambiental

Capítulo 3: Los pueblos del mundoGuía de estudio 1: Comprender la culturaGuía de estudio 2: Los patrones de poblaciónGuía de estudio 3: Recursos y comercio mundialGuía de estudio 4: La tecnología “encoge”el mundo

Capítulo 4: Estados UnidosGuía de estudio 1: Un territorio extenso y pintorescoGuía de estudio 2: Un líder de la economíaGuía de estudio 3: Los estadounidenses

Capítulo 5: CanadáGuía de estudio 1: Un país rico en recursosGuía de estudio 2: Los habitantes de Canadá

Capítulo 6: MéxicoGuía de estudio 1: Geografía física y economía de MéxicoGuía de estudio 2: Historia de MéxicoGuía de estudio 3: México hoy

Capítulo 7: América Central y las islas del CaribeGuía de estudio 1: América CentralGuía de estudio 2: Las culturas del Caribe

Capítulo 8: Brasil y sus vecinosGuía de estudio 1: Un gigante que emergeGuía de estudio 2: De Argentina a Venezuela

Capítulo 9: Los países AndinosGuía de estudio 1: La cultura y los desafíos de ColombiaGuía de estudio 2: Los territorios y pueblos de Perú y EcuadorGuía de estudio 3: Los bolivianos y los chilenos

Capítulo 10: Europa: historia antiguaGuía de estudio 1: Grecia y Roma clásicasGuía de estudio 2: Europa medievalGuía de estudio 3: Del Renacimiento a la revolución

Capítulo 11: Europa, su historia modernaGuía de estudio 1: Comienzo de la era modernaGuía de estudio 2: Un continente divididoGuía de estudio 3: Hacia la unidad

Capítulo 12: Europa occidental en la actualidadGuía de estudio 1: Las islas británicasGuía de estudio 2: Francia y los países del BeneluxGuía de estudio 3: Alemania y los países alpinosGuía de estudio 4: Los países nórdicosGuía de estudio 5: Sur de Europa

Capítulo 13: La nueva Europa del esteGuía de estudio 1: Polonia y las repúblicas bálticasGuía de estudio 2: Húngaros, checos y eslovacosGuía de estudio 3: La reconstrucción de los países balcánicosGuía de estudio 4: Ucrania, Bielorrusia y Moldavia

Capítulo 14: La geografía y la historia de RusiaGuía de estudio 1: Una vasta tierraGuía de estudio 2: Una historia de conflictos

Capítulo 15: La nueva Rusia y las repúblicas independientesGuía de estudio 1: Del comunismo a la libre empresaGuía de estudio 2: El pueblo y la cultura de RusiaGuía de estudio 3: Las repúblicas emergen

Capítulo 16: Nacimiento de la civilizaciónGuía de estudio 1: Mesopotamia y Egipto antiguoGuía de estudio 2: Tres religiones mundiales

Capítulo 17: África del norte en la actualidadGuía de estudio 1: EgiptoGuía de estudio 2: Libia y el Magreb

Capítulo 18: Sudoeste de asiaGuía de estudio 1: Turquía, Siria, Líbano y JordaniaGuía de estudio 2: Israel y los territorios palestinosGuía de estudio 3: La Península ArábigaGuía de estudio 4: Irak, Irán y Afganistán

Capítulo 19: África OccidentalGuía de estudio 1: Nigeria: El gigante africanoeGuía de estudio 2: El Sahel y la costa de África occidental

Capítulo 20: África central y del esteGuía de estudio 1: África centralGuía de estudio 2: Los habitantes de Kenia y TanzaniaGuía de estudio 3: Uganda, Ruanda y BurundiGuía de estudio 4: El cuerno de África

Capítulo 21: África meridional: Una región variadaGuía de estudio 1: La nueva SudáfricaGuía de estudio 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe y BotswanaGuía de estudio 3: Los países de la costa y de las islas

Capítulo 22: El sur de AsiaGuía de estudio 1: India: Pasado y presenteGuía de estudio 2: Paquistán y BangladeshGuía de estudio 3: Reinos en las montañas y repúblicas en las islas

Capítulo 23: China y países vecinosGuía de estudio 1: El territorio de China y la nueva economíaGuía de estudio 2: De las dinastías al comunismoGuía de estudio 3: Los países vecinos de China

Capítulo 24: Japón y las CoreasGuía de estudio 1: Japón: pasado y presenteGuía de estudio 2: Las dos Coreas

Capítulo 25: El sudeste AsiáticoGuía de estudio 1: La vida en el continenteGuía de estudio 2: La diversidad de las culturas isleñas

Capítulo 26: Australia y Nueva ZelandaGuía de estudio 1: Australia: “La tierra del sur”Guía de estudio 2: Nueva Zelanda

Capítulo 27: Oceanía y la AntártidaGuía de estudio 1: Culturas y economía de las islas del PacíficoGuía de estudio 2: El continente helado

Spanish SummariesCapítulo 1: Observar la TierraCapítulo 2: El agua, el clima y la vegetaciónCapítulo 3: La población mundialCapítulo 4: Los Estados UnidosCapítulo 5: CanadáCapítulo 6: MéxicoCapítulo 7: América Central y las islas del CaribeCapítulo 8: Brasil y sus vecinosCapítulo 9: Los países andinosCapítulo 10: Europa: historia antiguaCapítulo 11: Europa: historia modernaCapítulo 12: Europa occidental hoy en díaCapítulo 13: Europa oriental hoy en díaCapítulo 14: Relieve e historia de RusiaCapítulo 15: La nueva Rusia y las repúblicas independientesCapítulo 16: La Cuna de la civilizationCapítulo 17: África del norteCapítulo 18: El sudoeste asiáticoCapítulo 19: África OccidentalCapítulo 20: África central y orientalCapítulo 21: África del sur: una región variadaCapítulo 22: El sureste asiáticoCapítulo 23: China y sus vecinosCapítulo 24: Japón y las CoreasCapítulo 25: El sudeste asiáticoCapítulo 26: Australia y Nueva ZelandaCapítulo 27: Oceanía y la Antártida

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student EditionObjectives Addressed in the ActivitiesWorkbook OverviewPreparing for a Standardized TestActivity: Reading a Map ScaleActivity: Interpreting DiagramsActivity: Making InferencesActivity: Interpreting a Visual ImageActivity: Using a Bar Graph to Interpret DataActivity: Analyzing a Political CartoonActivity: Recognizing a Point of ViewActivity: Analyzing Graphs and TablesActivity: Comparing and ContrastingActivity: Making GeneralizationsActivity: Interpreting EditorialsActivity: Interpreting Charts and TablesActivity: Using Time LinesActivity: Perceiving Cause-and-Effect RelationshipsActivity: Solving a ProblemActivity: Distinguishing Between Fact and OpinionActivity: Identifying and Evaluating SourcesActivity: Making DecisionsActivity: Interpreting GraphsActivity: Identifying the Main IdeaActivity: Recognizing Forms of PropagandaActivity: Persuasive Writing About an IssueActivity: Classifying Facts and DetailsActivity: Forming HypothesesActivity: Drawing ConclusionsActivity: Detecting BiasActivity: Predicting Outcomes

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