CHAPTER 5

American NationalismFocus on Economics

Economic Nationalism

Bell Ringer: How would you characterize the United

States during the Era of Good Feelings?How do tariffs affect the economy, people,

and workers?

Economic Nationalism

Columbian Centinel : Boston newspaper called the time period after the War of 1812 “The Era of Good Feelings.”

Described the period of James Monroe’s presidency.

Last 2 years they want to create a national bank, enact a tariff protecting American manufactures from foreign competition, and building new canals and roads to improve transportation.

Economic Nationalism

War of 1812 taught Republican leaders that a STRONGER federal government was necessary.

James Monroe wins the 1816 presidency with 83% of electoral votes.

Federalist Party fades away.

Economic Nationalism: The Second Bank

Republicans at first opposed a national bank.They blocked the first one in 1811Prices rose rapidly during the War of 1812. Borrowed money had high interest rates.These problems led many Republicans to change

their mind about a national bank. Rep. John C. Calhoun of SC introduced the bill for

the 2nd National Bank. Rep. Henry Clay of KY helped to pass the bill.Bank has the power to issue money that would be

the national currency and to control state banks.

Tariffs and Transportation

Cheap British goods threaten to put American manufacturers out of business.

Tariff Act of 1816: was a protective tariff, that raisedthe prices of imports to nurture growing American manufactures.

Judicial Nationalism

Between 1816 and 1824, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall issued several rulings that helped unify the nation after the war.

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee: 1816 court decides that that it had the authority to hear all

appeals of state court decisions in cases involving federal statutes and treaties.

Denny Martin, British subject, tried to sell his land in Virginia that he had inherited from his Loyalist uncle. State law said that no “enemy” could inherit land. The court ruled that Virginia’s law conflicted with Jay’s Treaty, which stated land belonging to Loyalist before the war was still theirs. This case helped to establish the Supreme Court as the nation’s of FINAL appeal.

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819 court caseMaryland’s attempt to tax the Second Bank of

the United States. Under the “necessary and proper clause” the

Constitution allows for a national bank. A state can not interfere with an agency of

the federal government operating within the states borders. Taxing the national bank was a form of interference, making it unconstitutional.

Gibbons v. Ogden

1824 Court CaseInvolved a company who was granted a

monopoly by New York to control all steamboat traffic on New York waters. The company wanted to expand into New Jersey.

Supreme Court declared the monopoly unconstitutional, interpreting federal controls over interstate commerce granted by the Constitution to include all trade along the coast and waterways dividing the states.

Court Cases

Strengthen the federal government at the expense of the states.

Helped make the “necessary and proper” clause and “interstate commerce” clause as a way to expand the federal government.

National Diplomacy

Jackson Invades Florida Spanish held Anger and Frustration for Southerners Runaway enslaved people fled here America has no authority to capture them Many of the Creek went to Florida teaming up with

other Native Americans and adopting the name “Seminole” which means “runaway.”

They warned the Americans to stay out of Florida. We ignored the warning.

Jackson Invades Florida

1817: John C. Calhoun, secretary of war, ordered General Andrew Jackson into Florida to stop the raids.

Jackson destroys villages and disobeys his orders by seizing the Spanish settlements of St. Marks and Pensacola.

He also will remove the Spanish governor from power. Spain demands for Jackson to be punished.Secretary of State: John Q. Adams defends Jackson

telling Spain they failed to keep Florida in order. Spain gives up and gives the United States Florida in the

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819. The treaty also finalized the western boarder of the Louisiana Purchase.

The Monroe Doctrine

1823 Britain and America will make a joint statement supporting the independence of new Latin American nations.

Russia’s presence in America is growing. Russia claimed Alaska, then claimed parts of the Oregon Country.

American continents were not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.

Prevent European powers from interfering in Latin American political affairs.

Homework

Page 144 Questions: 2, 4, 5

A Revolution in Transportation

1817 a canal begins across rural New York that connects the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

363 miles (Erie Canal)1825 complete

Roads and Turnpikes

National Road (Maryland to Ohio)The state should be in charge of managing

roads.

Steamboats and Canals

Faster, cheaper, and more efficient way to move goods.

Barge could hold many wagon loads.Could usually travel only downstream.Steamboats made travel easier and faster.

The Iron Horse

Railroad: developed in the early 1800’s 1830 Tom Thumb: pulled the nations first

load of train passengers down 13 miles of track at 10mph.

Trains helped settle the west and stimulate trade.

A New System of Production

Industry developed quicklyFree Enterprise system: individuals could make

money and decide how to use it without strict government controls and encouraged innovation.

Streams and rivers provide great places for textile mills.

Francis C. Lowell began opening a series of mills in Northeastern Mass. in 1814.

Mass production of cotton cloth to the United States.

1840 dozen textile mills had been built in the Northeast.

Technology Advances

Inventions and technological innovationsInterchangeable parts: (Eli Whitney) uniform

parts that can be made in large quantities.Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and

developed Morse code.

Rise of Large Cities

Industrialization drew rural people to towns for jobs with higher wages.

Population in cities doubled and even tripled.

Workers Begin to Organize

Factory worker 1.3 billion by 1860Long hours, lower pay, unsafe working

conditionsLabor Unions fought for workers. Unions had little successUnion had little power or money to support

strikes, stoppage of work, or achieve goals. 1840 President Martin Van Buren reduced

the workday for federal employees to 10 hours.

Life in the North

Negative results: crime, overcrowding, public health problems. Immigration

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