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Transcript of CHAPTER 5
1
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 5
Sociocultural Diversity
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Culture
Cross-Cultural Studies Provide information about the degree
to which people are similar Elucidate behaviors specific to certain
cultures
Culture refers to the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people
that are passed on from generation to generation.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism Gives priority to
personal goals Values feeling good
and personal distinction
Fosters independence
Collectivism Values group;
personal goals are subordinated
Encourages interdependence of group members
Supports harmonious relationships
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic status (SES): the categorization of people according to their economic, educational, and
occupational characteristics
Educating students from low-SES backgrounds requires strategies that address issues such as discipline, motivation, parent involvement,
mentoring, and the untapped knowledge these students can access.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Children in Poverty
Of the 17.6% of U.S. children who live in poverty:
50% live in female-headed households40% live in African American households
40% live in Latino households
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Negative Impact of Poverty on Children and Schools
Poor Schools
• Have fewer resources• Old, poorly maintained
buildings• Less-experienced
teachers• Encourage more rote
learning• Provide environments not
conducive to learning
Poor Students
• Poor language development
• Less cognitively stimulating home environments
• Lower achievement scores
• Lower graduation rates• Lower % college bound
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to a shared pattern of characteristics such as cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion,
and language.
For children of color, educational segregation is still a reality that affects the school experience.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Examples of Ethnic Differences
Dialect Individual vs. Cooperative Efforts Eye Contact Personal Space Public vs. Private Performance Family Relationships and Expectations Conceptions of Time
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Prejudice
An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual because of his/her membership in a group.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Bilingual Education
Offers academic subjects in a student’s native language
Gradually introduces English
instruction
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Sociocultural Diversity
MulticulturalEducation
Issues-CenteredEducation
CulturallyRelevantTeaching
The Issue of Whether a Core of “White” ValuesShould Be Taught
Empowering Students
Improving Relationships
Among Childrenfrom Different Ethnic Groups
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
The Multicultural Classroom
• Is sensitive to racist material/interactions• Includes historical descriptions of diverse
cultures in course content• Is sensitive to students’ cultural views• Views all students positively, regardless
of ethnic background • Strives to close the academic
achievement gap
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Improving Relations Among Children from Different Ethnic Groups
The Jigsaw classroom Positive personal contact with others from
different cultural backgrounds Perspective taking Critical thinking and emotional intelligence Reducing bias Increasing tolerance School and community as a team
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Gender
Gender refers to the sociocultural dimensions of being female or male.
Gender roles are the social expectations that prescribe how males and
females should think, act, and feel.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Gender Similarities and Differences
Physical Performance Math and Science Skills Verbal Skills Educational Attainment Relationship Skills Prosocial Behavior Aggression Emotion and Its Regulation
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Eliminating Gender Bias
Teacher-Student Interaction Bias against boys Bias against girls
Curriculum and Athletics Content
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Brainstorming
With a few other students, come up with a list of specific diversity goals for your future classrooms.
Brainstorm and come up with some innovative activities to help students gain positive diversity experiences, such as the inclusive quilt discussed in the chapter.