Chapter 43: Immune System
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Transcript of Chapter 43: Immune System
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Chapter 43: Immune System
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Learning Targets1. I can explain innate immunity by:
Describing barrier defenses Describing internal defenses
2. I can explain adaptive immunity by:describing humoral response which includes:
B cells Plasma cells Antibodies Memory cells Helper T cells
Describing cell mediated response which includes Cytotoxic T Cells and memory cells
3. I can identify and explain parts of immune system that represent how cells communicate via paracrine communication.
4. I cam explain the difference between a primary and secondary immune response
5. I can explain the difference between active and passive immunity.
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Focus Questions1. What is the functional difference between cell mediated and
humoral immunity? Why do we have both types?
2. Which blood cells are involved in cell mediated immunity?
3. Which blood cells are involved in humoral immunity?
4. Why is it that you don’t get the chicken pox, once you have already had it?
5. If you are bit by a venomous snake, what type of immunity are you given when you receive an anti venom injection? When you received your hepatitis vaccination, what type of immunity are you given?
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Figure 43.2
Pathogens(such as bacteria,fungi, and viruses)
INNATE IMMUNITY(all animals)
• Rapid response
Recognition of traits sharedby broad ranges ofpathogens, using a smallset of receptors
•
Recognition of traits specific to particularpathogens, using a vastarray of receptors
•
• Slower response
Barrier defenses:SkinMucous membranesSecretionsInternal defenses:Phagocytic cellsNatural killer cellsAntimicrobial proteinsInflammatory response
Humoral response:Antibodies defend againstinfection in body fluids.
Cell-mediated response:Cytotoxic cells defendagainst infection in body cells.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY(vertebrates only)
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Figure 43.15
Primary immune responseto antigen A producesantibodies to A.
Secondary immune response toantigen A produces antibodies to A;primary immune response to antigenB produces antibodies to B.
Exposureto antigen A
Exposure to antigens A and BTime (days)
Ant
ibod
y co
ncen
trat
ion
(arb
itrar
y un
its)
104
103
102
101
100
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56
Antibodiesto A Antibodies
to B
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Cell mediated ImmunityAntigen-presentingcell
Pathogen
Antigen fragment
Class II MHC moleculeAccessory proteinAntigen receptorHelper T cell
Cytokines
Humoralimmunity
Cell-mediatedimmunity
B cell Cytotoxic T cell3
2
1
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Figure 43.17-1
Cytotoxic T cell
1
AccessoryproteinClass I MHCmolecule
Infectedcell
Antigenreceptor
Antigenfragment
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Figure 43.17-2
Cytotoxic T cell
1 2
AccessoryproteinClass I MHCmolecule
Infectedcell
Antigenreceptor
Antigenfragment
Perforin
Pore
Gran-zymes
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Figure 43.17-3
Cytotoxic T cell
31 2
AccessoryproteinClass I MHCmolecule
Infectedcell
Antigenreceptor
Antigenfragment
Perforin
Pore
Gran-zymes
ReleasedcytotoxicT cell
Dyinginfected cell
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Humoral Response
Pathogen
1
Antigen-presentingcell Antigen
fragment
Class IIMHC
moleculeAntigenreceptor
Accessoryprotein
Helper T cell
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Humoral ResponsePathogen
1 2
Antigen-presentingcell Antigen
fragment
Class IIMHC
moleculeAntigenreceptor
Accessoryprotein
Helper T cell
B cell
Cytokines
Activatedhelper T cell
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Humoral ResponsePathogen
31 2
Antigen-presentingcell Antigen
fragment
Class IIMHC
moleculeAntigenreceptor
Accessoryprotein
Helper T cell
B cell
Cytokines
Activatedhelper T cell
Memory B cells
Plasma cellsSecreted
antibodies
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Figure 43.19
OpsonizationNeutralization
Antibody
Virus Bacterium
Macrophage
Activation of complement system and poreformation
Complement proteins
Formation of membraneattack complex
Flow of waterand ions
Pore
AntigenForeigncell
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Figure 43.20Humoral (antibody-mediated) immune response Cell-mediated immune response
Antigen (1st exposure)
Engulfed by
Antigen-presenting cell
Helper T cell
Memoryhelper T cells
Antigen (2nd exposure)
B cell
Plasma cells
Secretedantibodies
Defend against extracellularpathogens
Memory B cellsMemory
cytotoxic T cellsActive
cytotoxic T cells
Defend against intracellularpathogens and cancer
Cytotoxic T cell
KeyStimulatesGives rise to
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Figure 43.UN02Stem cell
Cell division andgene rearrangement
Elimination ofself-reactiveB cells
Clonalselection
Antigen
AntibodyFormation ofactivated cellpopulations
Memory B cells Plasma cellsPathogen
Receptors bind to antigens
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Figure 43.UN03