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CHAPTER-4

WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES IN PANCHAYATI RAJ

INSTITUTIONS IN MEDAK DISTRICT

This chapter focuses on women representatives’ scenario in Medak

district and the important role they have to play towards the governance of rural

areas. The importance of women leadership, especially in rural local bodies has

its place at the top of rural administration. Male leadership simultaneously

dominates all over the jurisdiction of Panchayati Raj but, there are certain areas

where women representatives yields good results, especially, wherever the need

of raising the problems pertaining to rural women. In spite of male domination,

the women leadership also plays challenging role. In the light of importance of

women representation in politics the present chapter has made an attempt to

assess the women representative scenario in the district under.

4.1 Elected Women Representatives: Participation and Decision-Making

The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of

women’s social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of

both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable

development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from

leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal

to the highly public. Achieving the goal of equal participation of women and

men in decision-making will provide a balance that more accurately reflects the

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composition of society and is needed in order to strengthen democracy and

promote its proper functioning. Equality in political decision-making performs a

leverage function without which it is highly unlikely that a real integration of the

equality dimension in government policy-making is not only a demand for

simple justice or democracy but can also be seen as a necessary condition for

women’s interests to be taken into account. Without the active participation of

women and the incorporation of women’s perspective at all levels of decision-

making, the goals of equality, development and peace cannot be achieved.

Women’s political participation and representation at decision-making

levels are two different issues1. Participation is a necessary but insufficient

condition for representation does not flow automatically from participation.

Women all over the world have participated widely in political movements in

times of crisis but, once the crisis is over, they are relegated again to the

domestic arena. Women’s active participation in local bodies is creating a

paradigm. The buzz word today is “Women can do it” which is proved very

emphatically by various luminaries in different walks of life. Panchayati Raj

Institutions, the grass root units of self-government have been proclaimed as the

vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India, where 56.14 per cent

of our people live according to the 2011 census.

Although women make up at least half of the electorate in almost all

countries and have attained the right to vote and hold office in almost all states

1 Geeta Chaturvedi, Women Administration of India RBSA Publications, Jaipur, 1985, p. 12.

149

who, are members of the United Nations, women continue to be seriously

underrepresented as candidates for public office. The traditional working

patterns of many political parties and government structures continue to be

barriers to women’s participation in public life. Women may be discouraged

from seeking political office by discriminatory attitudes and practices, family

and child-care responsibilities, and the high cost of seeking and holding public

office. Women in politics and decision-making positions in Governments and

legislative bodies contribute to redefining political priorities, placing new items

on the political agenda that reflect and address women’s gender-specific

concerns, values and experiences, and providing new perspectives on

mainstream political issues. The low proportion of women among economic and

political decision-makers at the local, national, regional and international levels

reflects structural and attitudinal barriers that need to be addressed through

positive measures.

The equitable distribution of power and decision-making at all levels is

dependent on Governments and other actors undertaking statistical gender

analysis and mainstreaming a gender perspective in policy development and the

implementation of programmes. Equality in decision-making is essential to the

empowerment of women. National, regional and international statistical

institutions still have insufficient knowledge of how to present the issues related

to the equal treatment of women and men in the economic and social spheres.

The inequality between men and women in the sharing of power and decision-

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making at all levels, Governments and other actors should promote an active and

visible policy of mainstreaming a gender perspective in all policies and

programmes so that before decisions are taken, an analysis is made of the effects

on women and men, respectively.

4.2 Women and Inequality in Politics

Women’s participation in politics and government, however, remains

limited. Although their parliamentary representation has steadily increased over

the past decade, gender parity in politics at all levels is still a long way off. By

July 2006, women accounted for just fewer than 17 per cent of parliamentarians

worldwide. Ten countries have no women parliamentarians at all, and in more

than 40 others, women account for less than 10 per cent of legislators. At current

annual rates of growth in the proportion of women members of national

parliaments – about 0.5 per cent worldwide – gender parity in national

legislatures will not be achieved.

The under-representation of women at the ministerial level and in local

government is even more marked than in national legislatures. As of January

2005, women accounted for just over 14 per cent of government ministers

worldwide. Nineteen governments had no women ministers at all, and among

those governments that did include women, most had a token presence of around

one to three women ministers. As of March 2006, only three countries – Chile,

Spain and Sweden – had achieved gender parity in ministerial portfolios. At the

local level, women account for less than 1 in 10 of the world’s mayors.

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The Indian Constitution guarantees political equality through the

institution of adult franchise and the right to equality which prohibits

discrimination on the grounds of sex. The equal political status will not be

realized by mere declaration in the constitution. Voting in the elections do not

bestow equal status. If adequate opportunities to take part in the deliberations of

the nation are not provided, participation has no meaning2.

The socio-economic conditions are not conducive for the effective

participation of women in political affairs. Political equality is meaningless in a

country where the mass of the population suffers from poverty, illiteracy,

inequality of class status and power. Apart from these women suffer from

traditional attitudes which made them to feel that they are unequal.

The political background of women shows that they are far away from an

equal status along with men. Women are politically not active and do not come

forward to participate in public affairs. The membership in political parties,

public institutions, voluntary organisation exercise of franchise, discussing

politics etc. explains the political profiles of the women. The problem of equal

status and equal participation must be understood in the context of a society for,

in a traditional society like India the participation of women in public life is not

encouraging.

2 Mastern Vali, Mohd, Women and Politics, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002, p.8.

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4.3 Salient Features of Medak District

This chapter highlights the Medak District Profile which presents the

History of the district boundaries, physical aspects like climate, hills, rainfall,

rivers, flora and fauna etc. Subsequently, district at a glance has been presented

with a view to understand general features at once. Variation in population right

from 1901 to 2011 has been presented to understand the decadal increase as well

as decrease in population likewise, a summary of population statistics 1991-2011

is also presented with a view to take a note of decadal variation in rural and

urban density of population, slum population male and female population,

Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) population, rate of literacy etc.

Furthermore mandal-wise population including male and female, mandal-wise

area, number of villages / towns, population and density of population, mandal-

wise SC/ST sex wise population mandal-wise literate population for 2001 is also

presented in this chapter to understand the status prevailing in the district. An

attempt is also made in this chapter to compare the statistical information of the

District with the State of Andhra Pradesh in respect of area, population, density

of population, birth and death rate rural and urban population, SC and ST

population, literacy, workers, production, education etc.

Number of Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) registered in Medak

district (both in rural and urban areas) and actual number of functioning NGOs

in the district is also presented in this chapter to highlight the factors responsible

for the formation of NGOs as well as the factors responsible for the closure of

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NGOs. Thus, this chapter presents the focus on profile of Medak district which

covers all aspects related with the subject.

4.4 History of Medak district

The District derived its name from ‘Methukudurgam’, the then

headquarters town of the taluk of the same name. Medak district was originally

known as “Methukudurgam” which subsequently changed into Methuku due to

the growth of fine and coarse rice in this area3. Medak district became part of

the Kakatiya Kingdom the Brahmani Kingdom and later the Golconda Kingdom.

Finally on the fall of the Quthubshahi dynasty it was annexed to the Moghal

Empire. During the formation of Hyderabad State by Asaf Jahi, this district was

detached and included in the Nizam’s dominions. It finally became a part of

Andhra Pradesh with effect from 1st November, 1956 after Re-organization of

states.

The early History of Medak district is not very clear. Its political history,

however, commences with the advent of the Mourya’s who extended their sway

to the south during the reign of Ashoka. After the Mouryas, the Sathavahanas

gained prominence over the Deccan of which, Medak District formed part.

Several coins of the Sathavahana rulers like Goutamiputhra Satakarni,

Vaistiputra Pulumavi, Yagna Sri Satakarni, etc., were unearthed during

excavations at Kondapur Village of the district. These archaeological

3 Medak district Gazetteer, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Medak district, 2011.

154

discoveries indicate the existence of a buried city of vast dimensions with a

number of Chaityas,Viharas, Stupas and Monasteries.

After the Satavahanas, the district passed under the sway of the Mahisha

dynasty. Though as many as eighteen rulers ruled this district for a period of

383 years, only two rulers Mana and Yasa proved to be powerful. Mana broke

the domination of the Satavahanas, assumed the title of “Rajan” and regained the

Kingdom to its splendor. He enjoyed the privilege of striking his own coins.

One of his lead coins exhibited the characteristics of the coins belonging to the

close of second or beginning of the third century. The rule of this dynasty came

to an end with the rise of the Chalukyas of Badami, who later on lost to the

Rashtrakutas. After the Rashtrakutas, Medak District passed in to the hands of

western Chalukyas of Kalyani dynasty, whose rule lasted from 973 to 1200

A.D. Famous rulers like Ahavamalla Taila II, Someshwara I & II, Vikramaditya

VI and Trailokyamalla Taila III belonged to this dynasty. The inscription of

Koraprolu pertaining to the rule of Taila II, throws light on his feudatory

Mahmandaleshwara Soma premedi also rule in this district.

The inscriptions at Kohir, Chinthalagat, Alladurgam and Patancheru

belonging to Someshwara and Vikramaditya VI register gifts to Jainalayas by

their subordinates. The next dynasty which held over this district was the

Kakatiya dynasty which included well known rulers like prola II, Ganapathi,

Rudramamba and Prathaparudra.

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During the regime of Mohammad I, the son of Ala-udd-in Bahman shah,

the Recherla Chief Anapota Nayaka of Rachakonda defeated and killed Kapaya

Nayaka and captured Warangal which included a major portion of Medak

district. On account of the cordial relations between the Bahamanis and the

Recherlas, Mohammad-I did not invade Warangal. Feroz Shah ascended the

Bahamani throne and attempted to extend his sway to the east coast at the

expense of the Recherlas. This provoked the Recherlas and a war broke out

between Feroz Shah and Anapota II. Anapota II attacked the Bahamani

Possessions in Telangana and acquired Medak. But the Recherlas were

ultimately over-thrown and their territory was annexed to the Bahamani

Kingdom. Medak continued to be under the Bahamani’s till the breakup of their

Kingdom into five states namely Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar and

Golconda. After the fall of Bahamani Dynasty the Barid Shahi Dynasty came

into power.

Amir Barid, who assumed sole charge of the affairs of the Bahamani

Kingdom, after the fall of Bahamani dynasty, had many vicissitudes and

constant wars with the rulers of Bijapur and Berar. After his death in 1538, he

was succeeded by his son Ali Barid who was the first to assume the title of

“Shah”. Ali Barid, with the support of other Deccan Kings attacked the king of

Vijayanagar in the famous battle of Tallikota, in which, the Vijayanagar ruler

was defeated. Ali Barid died in 1582. Prola – II with his military skill, made the

feudal state he inherited into a sovereign state which emerged into a Powerful

2

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empire, embracing the whole of the Telugu speaking territory. During the reign

of Prathaparudra, the army led by Malik Kafur under the command of Ala-ud-

din Khilji, while on its way to Warangal captured this District. These invasions,

however, ended with the overthrow of Prathaparudra and the annexation of his

kingdom to the Delhi Sulthanate.

After the fall of the Kakatiya empire, Mohammad - Bin-Tuglaq, the

Sulthan of Delhi, divided the Deccan and South India into five provinces and

appointed Governors to administer them, Shihab-Sulthani entitled Nuzrat Khan

was thus appointed Governor of Telangana which included Medak district.

Rebellion cropped up everywhere following imposition of tribute which gave

rise to the Bahamani dynasty. Many such revolts joined Tuglaq’s rule. These

revolts led to the establishment of independent principalities by the Musunri

Chiefs of Warangal and Recharlas of Rachakonda (Nalgonda District).

An important event relevant to this district was the rebellion of Quir-

Khan, a subordinate of Ala-Ud-din Bahman Shah. The Sulthan dispatched a vast

army to curtail this revolt. Quir-Khan who was then at Kohir of this district was

confident of Victory. However, his army was routed by the royal forces under

Sikander Khan. Quir Khan was arrested and later executed and he was

succeeded by three other Kings after which, Qutub Shahi dynasty came into

power. Sulthan Qulil, a Turk of noble family, who was the Governor of the

Golkonda province under the Bahamanis took advantage of the distracted state

of the kingdom under Mohammad Shah of Barid Shahi dynasty and declared his

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independence by establishing the Qutub Shahi dynasty, which reigned from

1512 to 1687 A.D. Thereafter this kingdom was annexed to the Mughal empire

by Aurangazeb.

During Aurangazeb’s regime, the Marathas became very active, which

proved to be a threat to Aurangazeb. He, therefore, sent his troops to establish

his supremacy over Medak. Later the Marathas organized a rebellion to

overthrow Nizam-ur-Mulk, the Viceroy of the Deccan Nizam-Ul-Mulk sent his

bodyguard under the command his elder son Ghaziuddin Khan with Mohammad

Ghiayas Khan and Mirza Beig Khan Bakshi as his guardians. This shook the

Marathas who fled and hid themselves in the dense forests of the tract. This

Victory was celebrated by Nizam-Ul-Mulk in a grand manner.

In 1715 A.D. Hussain Ali Khan, as the Viceroy of Deccan, replaced

Nizam-Ul-Mulk. Nizam-ul-mulk who was unceremoniously removed, however,

nurtured the desire of reoccupying the Deccan. Therefore in 1720, He proceeded

against the Deccan and in a fierce battle that ensued near Balapur in Berar, Alam

Ali Khan, the Deputy of Hussain Ali Khan was killed. This victory established

the supremacy of Nizam-Ul-Mulk in the whole of the Deccan. Again in 1724

A.D., Nizam-Ul-Mulk had to fight a battle at Shakar Khere against Mubariz

Khan. This battle established the independence of Nizam-Ul-Mulk (Asaf Jahi)

who annexed Berar and settled down at Hyderabad and established his

dominions. Medak district alongwith the rest of Telangana came under the

3333

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control of Asaf Jahi dynasty. After Nizam-ul-mulk, Nasirjung, Muzaffer Jung

and Salabhat Jung ruled for short period.

Ali Jah rose in revolt against his father Nizam Ali Khan, the second Asaf

Jahi, with the help of Sadasivareddy the Medak Jagirdar. Nizam Ali Khan

despatched Raymond, a French commander to proceed against the rebels and

subdue them. The Nizam’s army came and pitched their tents at the village of

Chickurin and Sadasivareddy also went to that place at the head of an army not

to fight but to offer his submission. He was, however, suspected and captured

while attending the durbar. In the meanwhile, Ali Jah died and Medak was

granted to Raymond. Though there was a protest by the British against this

grant, no attention was paid to this protest and Raymond took possession of

Medak and other areas held by Sadashiva Reddy and he had to pay sixteen lakhs

of rupees annually as rent for these areas. This arrangement continued till the

death of Raymond in 1798.

Nizam Ali Khan died in 1803. He was succeeded by Sikhander Jah,

Nasirud-Dowla, Afzal-ud-Doula and Mir Mehboob Ali Khan (7th

Asaf Jah)

during whose time India got independence. The Nizam’s dominions became a

part of Indian Union in 1948 as part ‘B’ state and in 1956 during the re-

organisation of States, the Hyderabad state was trifurcated the nine.

Predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Mahaboobnagar, Hyderabad, Medak,

Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda known

as Telangana Region were transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Major portions of

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predominantly Kanada Speaking districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and Bidar were

transferred to Karnataka State, while Maratwada comprising the five districts of

Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Bheed, Parbhani, Nanded and a portion of Bidar

which is predominantly Marathi speaking was transferred to Maharashtra State.

These changes were effected on 1st November 1956.

4.5 Political Profile of Medak

Medak is situated at a distance of 96 Kms. from Hyderabad. The

important places of interest in the town are the Hill Fort and the Medak Church.

The fort is said to have been originally constructed by the Kakathiya Kings. The

existing fort belonging to the Quthub-Shahi Kings stands 90 meters above the

surroundings plains. It is one of the important hill forts in Deccan and contains a

brass gun 10 feet long. The Mubarak Mahal in the fort has one of its gateways,

the carvings of a double headed eagle holding elephant in its teeth and talons.

The Medak Church is said to be one of the three big churches in south India.

This Church was completed in 1924. There are very large windows on either

side of the hall and windows at the entrance are provided with piece of colored

glass fitted in metal frames. The colored glass pieces are beautifully arranged to

depict scenes from the Bible and the fructification of Jesus Christ. The

Cathedral is 61 meters high and can accommodate 5,000 people. The tower over

the entrance is 53 meters high. To the South-East of Medak town there is place

known as “Yedupayala” where seven tributaries of the Manjeera join and flow in

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unison. Yedupayala Jathara held on Maha Shivarathri day attracts nearly one

Lakh pilgrims.

4.6 Physical profile

Medak district lies between 17’27’ and 18’19’ of Northern latitude and

77’28’ and 79’10’ of Eastern longitude. The district occupies an area of 9,699

sq.kms and has a population of 26.70 lakhs according to 2001 Census. Medak

district is bounded on the north by Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts, on the

east by Warangal and Nalgonda district, on the south by Rangareddy district and

on the west by Bidar District of Karnakata State.

The district forms part of the table land of the Deccan and is crossed by

different ranges of hills like that of the Medak hill. The rock formation is of the

oldest type (archaic genesis = Very old granite – like type of rocks with minerals

arranged in layers) and consists principally of peninsular granite complex ie.,

pink and gray granites and their metamorphic variations, isolated peaks and

rocky clusters lie scattered all over the district.

4.7 Climate

The district generally experiences a dry climate. The year may be divided

into four seasons. The period from March to May is the summer season. The

hottest month in this season is May. This is followed by the south-west

monsoon season from June to September. October and November constitute the

post monsoon period. The winter season starts from December and lasts till

February.

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The average annual rainfall in the district is 868.3 mm. The rainfall during the

monsoon season i.e from June to September amounts to about 45 per cent of the annual

rainfall. The rainiest month is July. There is some rainfall, in the form of

thundershowers during the latter part of summer and post monsoon season.

The soils of the district are mainly red earths comprising loamy sands, sandy

loams and sandy clay loams. Red laterite soil is predominant in Zahirabad taluk.

Regar or black cotton soils comprising of clay loams, clay and silty clay are found in

erstwhile Sangareddy, Andole, Narayankhed and Narsapur taluks.

The district is not watered by any big river. The only river of some

consequence, is the Manjeera, which is a tributary of the Godavari. This river rises in

Bidar district and enters Medak district in the south-eastern direction. It flows for

about 96 Kms. in the western and north-western taluks of Narayankhed, Zahirabad,

Sangareddy, Narsapur and Medak in this district. The other important streams are the

Haldi or Pasupuyeru and the Kudlair. Pasupuyeru is a tributary of the Manjeera and

enters the district from the north and flows through Medak town. Kudlair is in Siddipet

taluk.

At present one gate was opened due to increase in water level. The

Singoor dam is constructed across the river Manjeera with main objective of

providing drinking water to Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The Dam is situated

to the North-West of Hyderabad at about 60 km (20 km from Sangareddy the

headquarters of Medak district in Telangana). The Dam offers a very good

scenario silent atmosphere to the tourists.

In the past, the forests in the district were active with wild life. But, during the

past twenty years wild life in this district has been considerably reduced. The Tiger is

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almost extinct. The Wolf, Jackal and the Fox can be found on the outskirts of the

district. The wild Bear, Black Buck, the Sloth Bear and the beautiful four horned

antelope are the other types of animals found in the district. In the interior jungles the

sambar and spotted deer are occasionally met with, among the avifauna, partridge,

pigeon, the great Indian bustard, peafowl, green pigeon, green jungle fowl and a variety

of ducks and cranes are common.

Table-4.1

Medak district at a Glance

Sl.

No Item Unit Particulars

1 Geographical area as per 2011 census Sq.Kms 9699

2 Revenue Divisions No. 3

3 Revenue Mandals No 46

4 Mandal Parishads No. 46

5 Municipalities No. 7

6 Towns No. 11

7 Revenue Villages No. 1267

8 Grama Panchayats No. 1059

9 Panchayats Notified No. 42

10 Panchayats Non-notified No. 1019

11 No. of House Holds In Lakhs

12 Population as per 2011 census – Total In Lakhs 30.33

Rural In Lakhs 23.06

Urban In Lakhs 7.27

Males as per 2011 census In Lakhs 15.23

Females as per 2011 census In Lakhs 15.10

13 Density of population 2011 Census per Sq.KM 313

14 S.C. Population 2011 Census In Lakhs 5.37

% of S.C. to total Population 2011 Census Percentage 16.31

15 S.T. Population 2011 Census In lakhs 1.68

% of S.T. to total Population 2011 Census Percentage 5.24

16 Literates : Total 2011 Census In Lakhs 16.37

a) Males 2011 Census In Lakhs 9.43

b) Females 2011 Census In Lakhs 6.83

17 Literacy rate: Total 2011 Census Percentage 61.42

a) Males 2011 Census Percentage 71.43

b) Females 2011 Census Percentage 5.137

18 Slum Population in urban area 2011 In Lakhs 1.53

a) Slum Households In Lakhs 0.32

b) Total Slums Number 109

Source: Population Census-2011.

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According to table-4.1, Medak district spread over 9699 sq. kms. There

are three Revenue divisions in the district which are spread over into 46

mandals. As far as urban local bodies in the district are concerned, it is noticed

that 7 municipalities are functioning in the district. There are 1267 revenue

villages and 1059 Grama Panchayats functioning in the district. According to

2011 census the population of the district is recorded as 30.33 lakhs out of which

rural population is 23.06 lakhs and urban population is 7.27 lakhs. Scheduled

caste population in the district is recorded as 5.37 lakhs and Scheduled Tribe

population as 1.68 lakhs. Literacy rate in the district is 61.42 per cent. This, table

presents the salient features of Medak district.

Table-4.2

Medak District

Variation in Population- 1991 to 2011

Year persons Variation

(+) increase

( -) Decrease

Percentage Density of

Population

(per Sq.KM)

1901 556094 ---- 0.00 57

1911 806812 + 250718 45.00 83

1921 782258 (-)24554 (-)3.04 81

1931 913737 + 131479 16.81 94

1941 1002176 + 88439 9.68 103

1951 1109761 107585 11.20 115

1961 1227361 117600 10.59 127

1971 1467944 240583 19.10 151

1981 1807139 339195 23.11 186

1991 2269800 + 462661 25.60 234

2001 2670097 + 400297 17.64 275

2011 3033288 +363191 13.60 313

Source: Population Census-2011.

Table-4.2 presents the variation in population in Medak district from

1901 to 2001. Except during the decade 1911 to 1921 where population

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decreased to the tune of 3.04 per cent, other decades recorded an increasing

trend. During the decade 1971 to 1981 a recorded population of 3,39,195 (23.11

percent) has been increased in the district. Simultaneously during the decade

1961 to 1971 also an increase of 2,40,583 in population (19.10 per cent) has

been recorded. During the decades 1981-1991 and 1991-2001 normal increase in

population has been recorded. The density of population in the district was 57

during 1901 which rose to 275 per sq.km during 2001. According to 2001 to

2011 Medak district population was decreased to 17.64 to 13.60 percent.

Table-4.3

Rural and Urban in Andhra Pradesh

Description Rural Urban

Population (%) 66.64 % 33.36 %

Total Population 56,361,702 28,219,075

Male Population 28,243,241 14,198,905

Female Population 28,118,461 14,020,170

Population Growth 1.73 % 35.61 %

Sex Ratio 996 987

Child Sex Ratio (0-6) 941 935

Child Population (0-6) 6,152,022 2,990,780

Child Percentage (0-6) 10.92 % 10.60 %

Source: Population Census-2011.

The above table-4.3 showing according to 2011 out of total population of

Andhra Pradesh, 33.36 percent people live in urban regions. The total figure of

population living in urban areas is 28,219,075 of which 14,198,905 are males

and while remaining 14,020,170 females. The urban population in the last 10

years has increased by 33.36 percent.

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Sex ratio in urban regions of Andhra Pradesh was 987 females per 1000

males. For child (0-6 age) sex ratio the figure for urban region stood at 935 girls

per 1000 boys. The total child (0-6 age) living in urban areas of Andhra Pradesh

were 2,990,780. Of total population in urban region, 10.60 percent were children

(0-6 age).

Average Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh for Urban regions was 80.09

percent in which males were 85.79 percent literate while female literacy stood at

73.31 percent. Total literates in urban region of Andhra Pradesh were

20,205,695.

Out of total population in Andhra Pradesh around 66.64 percent live in

the villages of rural areas. In actual numbers, males and females were

28.243,241 and 28,118,461 respectively. Tot population of rural areas of Andhra

Pradesh state was 56,361,702. The population growth rate recorded for this

decade 2001-2011 was 66.64 percent.

In rural regions of Andhra Pradesh state, female sex ration per 1000 males

was 996 while same for the child (0.6 age) 941 girls per 1000 boys. In Andhra

Pradesh, 6,152,022 children (0-6 age) live in rural areas. Child population forms

10.92 percent of total rural population.

In rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, literacy rate for males and female stood

at 69.38 percent and 51.29 percent. Average literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh for

rural areas was 60.45 percent. Total literates in rural areas were 30,351,065.

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Table-4.4

Medak District

Population Statistics: Summary - 2001 to 2011

Sl.

No Particulars Unit 2001 2011

I Population - Total Lakhs 26.70 30.33

Males " 13.52 15.23

Females " 13.18 15.10

II a) Sex Ratio - Females per '000 males Nos 974 992

b) Density of Population per

Sq.Kms 274 313

III Population - Total lakhs 26.70 30.33

Urban " 3.83 7.27

Rural " 22.87 23.06

IV % of Urban Pop. to Total Population Ratio 14.36 15.36

% of Rural Pop. to Total Population % 85.64 84.64

V % of SC Pop. to Total Population % 17.58 16.31

Scheduled Caste Population Lakhs 4.69 5.37

Males Lakhs 2.36 2.66

Females Lakhs 2.33 2.71

VI % of Scheduled Tribe Pop to total

population % 5.04 5.24

Scheduled Tribe Population Lakhs 1.35 1.68

Males Lakhs 0.69 .86

Females Lakhs 0.66 .82

VII Literates - Total Lakhs 11.71 16.37

Males Lakhs 7.38 9.42

Females Lakhs 4.33 6.83

VIII Literacy Rates by Sex - Total Ratio 51.65 61.42

Males Ratio 64.33 71.43

Females Ratio 38.66 51.37

IX Slum population in Urban Area 2011 lakhs 0.63 1.53

Source: Population Census-2011.

167

Above table shows the variation in population statistics in various aspects

in Medak district in 2001 and 2011. The population of the district which was

26.70 laks in 2001 increased to 30.330 lakhs in 2011. Sex ratio in the district

which was 974 females per 1000 males in 2001 increased to 992 females per

1000 males in 2011. But the density of population remained unchanged. Urban

population in the district was 3.83 lakhs in the year 2002 and increased to 7.27

lakhs in the year 2011. Similarly the rural population in the district was 22.87

lakhs in the year 2001 and increased to 23.06 lakhs in the year 2011. Scheduled

Caste population was 4.69 lakhs in the year 2001 and the same was increased to

5.37 lakhs in the year 2011, recording 5.04 percent to 5.24 percent to total

population. On the other hand Scheduled Tribe population was 1.35 lakhs in the

year 2001 and the same has increased to 1.68 lakhs in the year 2011. A

remarkable increase in the rate of literacy has been noticed in the district. The

rate of literacy which was 51.65 per cent in the year 2001 has been raised to

61.42 per cent in the year 2011. Thus, above table describes the statistical

variation from 2001 to 2011 in Medak district.

168

Ta

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170

The above table-4.5 showing out of 24,71,477 population in the district,

4,76,087 Scheduled Castes (1.17 percent) and 1,61,486 (0.28 percent) Scheduled Tribes

population is recorded. With regard to mandal-wise SC population, Zahirabad mandal

stood in top with 21,912 SC population followed by Sangareddy mandal with 15,670

SCs and Siddipet mandal with 12,811 SCs. On the other hand Kulcharam mandal stood

in the last with 6,124 Scheduled Caste populations. Similarly, as far as mandal-wise

Scheduled Tribe population is concerned, Narayankhed mandal stood in top with

14,121 Scheduled Tribes followed by Zahirabad mandal with 13,835 STs. On the other

hand Raikode mandal stood in the last with 281 STs followed by Munpalle mandal with

401Scheduled Tribe.

It is further explained that the Medak district was divided into three Revenue

Divisions, the first one is Sangareddy Revenue Division and Head Quarters of the

Medak district is the biggest Revenue Division is spread with 15 mandals. Total

population is 9,30,686 out of this 36,966 ST population; 1,88,787 SC population; the

remaining is 6,70,452 Others population. The 2nd

one is Medak Revenue Division is

spread with 18 mandals. Total population is 9,18,214 out of these 80,958 ST

population; 1,63,602 SC population; the remaining is 6,70,654 Others population. The

3rd

one is Siddipet Revenue Division is spread with 13 mandals. The total population is

6,22,247 out of these 4,585 ST population; 1,23,698 SC population; and the remaining

is 4,89,468 Others population.

4.8 Women in Local Electoral Process

The gradual transfer of power from British to Indian hands gave women

experience in participating in the democratic process. The Government of India Act of

1935 extended the franchise to more than six million women, as compared with

313,000 under the Act of 1919. In 1937 general elections, eight women were elected

171

from ‘general’ constituencies and forty-two from ‘reserved’ constituencies. Six women

became ministers when the provincial cabinets were formed. It is natural then that in

independent India women would participate actively more often than before in all

aspects of politics, political office and thus heave ‘political right’ which has not

happened.

Political rights may be considered to be inclusive of three main aspects-the right

to vote in local, state and national elections, the right to be elected and the right to hold

public office (legislative, executive and judicial), appointed or elective. Elections,

therefore, constitute a major political activity for the people in general and women in

particular in achieving political rights. Since this appears to be the only area where the

background in terms of education, economic conditions, social background and other

such considerations do not come in the way of furthering their prospects, it is the first

step in promoting equal participation of men and women in politics. Equality in

political participation is of great significance in urban areas as the percentage of

women’s literacy is equal to that of men. They are more exposed to various modern

developments like television, cinema, literature and public meetings as compared to

their rural counterparts. Moreover, women constitute half the population. So to set up a

representative and responsible government, it is necessary that more women enter the

political arena.

A political system can properly be described as a system of representative

government if it is one in which representatives of the people have a share in the

making of political decisions. The term ‘representative’ is commonly used in three

different ways, indicating different ways in which members of a committee or assembly

can represent a larger group of people by virtue of their activities, by virtue of the

manner of their selection and by virtue of their personal characteristics. In addition to

172

being representative, the political system should also be responsible. Political

responsibility signifies a government responsible to public opinion, to pursue policies

which are prudent and mutually consistent and to be accountable to the representatives

of the electorate.

In this process the representative system plays a vital role. It is through this

system that public demands are expressed, modified and presented to the government.

The political parties absorb a wide variety of opinions and merge them into a limited

number of alternate policies. Political leaders use party conferences and election

meetings to increase public understanding of their programmes. Periodic elections

ensure that some weight is given to the opinions of inarticulate and unrecognized

citizens as well as those citizens who know how to make their voices felt.

The early fifties came to be regarded as the period of women’s triumph, with

middle class women from a background of restricted lives confined to the roles of

wives and mothers entering administrative, professional and political employment as

equals to men. Women entered new occupations in the modern sectors in increasing

numbers. Women were elected to Parliament and State Legislatures, became Cabinet

Ministers, Governors of States, Ambassadors, Vice-Chancellors of Universities, and

Judges and exercised their vote in increasing number in elections. Local self-governing

bodies, in both urban and rural areas, were asked to include a few women on their

panels by nomination, if they did not come through election channels.

4.9 Grass-roots Political Parties and Women

Political parties are the life elements which keep the means of communication

between the government and the people. They act as instruments to crystalise people’s

aspirations into party’s manifestos for implementation. The parties are important aids in

transforming the multitude of un-coordinated public wills into an evident public will. It

173

is the power of the parties in electing candidates to office which is the source of their

strength in influencing the course of policy decisions and administrative programmes.

The question is often raised as to the relevance of political parties in local

government. A communication approach other than partisan ways can detect problems

and solving them is comparatively easily at this level because the arena is relatively

small, people are less in number and hence the contact is closer. Clean and efficient

administration and provision of basic amenities would be more than enough. However,

with the string of political consciousness and technological advancement, people in a

large or in a small area have different ideological views. They are keen to adopt

different means reflected through various political parties, for the realization of their

own objectives.

Local units of parties in India, as in other democratic countries, build

themselves upon local services and therefore they invariably seek control over any

governmental units with large powers. There are others who believe that parties ought

to confine their efforts to those areas of government where broad policy is made. But

contrary to such hopes, political practitioners and local citizens are very much

concerned with where a school or hospital is built, where a road is constructed and who

gets a tap. “Who gets what” is a crucial question in any political system, democratic or

authoritarian, and whatever institution has the power to decide, it is invariably a target

for those who want political power.

In India too political parties have built themselves on a local government base.

Long before the Labour Party in Great Britain assumed national power it had won

power in many Municipalities. In India, the success of Subhash Bose and C.R. Das in

strengthening the national movement in Calcutta by gaining control of the Municipal

Corporation is well known. Similarly, the Justice Party in South India established itself

174

by winning control of district local boards. In recent years, both the DMK and Jan

Sangh have tried to gain control of local bodies, both Municipalities and Village

Panchayats, in their quest for state and national power.

The political parties thus have an important role as catalysts in the

representative aspect of the process of local government. The most obvious

contribution which the parties can make is to assist the local body in assuming the

enthusiasm and focusing the support of the electorate. They are the brokers in

transforming public interests into programmes of public action. They are sometimes

indispensable means in aiding the public to select their representatives. Whether in

opposition or not, the party man is in a more effective position than an isolated

independent4.

All the national political parties have their units in urban areas. In this chapter

we are concerned with the political parties as organized at the city level and the

position of women in party hierarchy. Also a probe of such a nature would throw light

on the type of leaders that are put up, named and also sustained by them.

Though each political party differs from others by their policies and progrmmes,

the major political parties do not differ much in their goals towards bringing equality

between men and women. It is to be noted here that all the major political parties in

Bangalore City happen to be branches of broader national party structures. Local

political leaders find it advantageous to have organizational ties with the national

parties in order to get financial and other types of support while the national parties use

these local organizations to muster local support for their national policies and

programmes.

4 Indira Kumari and Sambasiva Rao, Empowerment of Women and Rural Development, Serials

Publications, New Delhi, 2005, p.6.

175

4.10 Electoral Process in Medak district

The Constitution of India has vested, in the Election Commission, the

superintendence, direction and control of the entire process, for conduct of elections to

Parliament and Legislature of every State, and to the offices of President and Vice-

President of India. Village and city local elections have been left to the State

Governments under local Commissioners. Article 40 of the Constitution, which

enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy, lays down that the State shall

take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and,

authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.

The State Election Commissions constituted under the Constitution (Seventy-third and

Seventy-fourth) Amendments Act, 1992 for each State / Union Territory are vested

with the powers of conduct of elections to the Corporations, Muncipalities, Zilla

Parishads, District Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats and other local

bodies and are independent of the Election Commission of India.

4.11 Status of women representatives in rural local bodies in Medak District

The electoral rolls of a gramapanchayat is prepared in accordance with the

provisions of section11 of Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act 1994 and Andhra

Pradesh Panchayat Raj (Preparation and Publications of electoral rolls) Rules 2000 and

notification is published by the District Panchayat Officers concerned in the respective

gramapanchayats.

176

Ta

ble

-4.6

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men

Rep

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n R

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l L

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in M

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k D

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A s

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M.P

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s M

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s Z

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S.N

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en

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18

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14

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asiv

pet

17

09

07

07

0

01

0

01

24

18

42

4

Pat

anch

eru

14

08

12

10

0

01

01

0

27

19

46

5

Ram

chandra

pur

04

02

03

03

0

01

01

0

8

6

14

6

Zahir

abad

23

10

18

09

01

0

0

01

42

20

62

7

Rai

kod

e 16

09

04

07

0

01

01

0

21

17

38

8

Mun

ipal

ly

16

09

06

04

01

0

0

01

23

14

37

9

Jhar

asan

gam

17

11

08

04

01

0

01

0

27

15

42

10

Kohir

13

09

11

05

01

0

01

0

26

14

40

11

Nar

ayankhed

15

08

14

06

01

0

01

0

31

14

45

12

Kan

gti

15

07

09

04

01

0

01

0

26

11

37

13

Kal

her

10

04

08

05

01

0

0

01

19

10

29

14

Man

oor

16

14

10

05

0

01

01

0

27

20

47

15

Nyalk

al

21

10

07

08

0

01

01

0

29

19

48

S

ub-T

ota

l 229

127

13

7

89

9

6

10

5

38

5

227

612

M

edak

Div

isio

n

16

Medak

21

13

12

07

01

0

01

0

35

20

55

17

Shan

ker

am

pet

(A)

12

07

06

05

01

0

0

01

19

13

32

18

Tekm

al

12

06

04

06

0

01

01

0

17

13

30

19

Pap

annapet

14

09

10

05

0

01

01

0

25

15

40

20

An

dole

15

08

11

06

01

0

0

01

27

15

42

21

All

adurg

e 13

08

09

03

01

0

01

0

24

11

35

22

Pulk

al

16

09

10

04

01

0

01

0

28

13

41

23

Reg

ode

13

06

06

03

01

0

0

01

20

10

30

24

Ram

aym

pet

15

07

12

06

01

0

01

0

29

13

42

25

Shan

kar

am

pet

®

14

06

05

07

0

01

01

0

20

14

34

26

Chegunta

14

13

10

05

01

0

01

0

26

18

44

27

Yel

durt

hy

14

06

06

05

0

01

01

0

21

12

33

28

Kulc

har

am

10

05

05

05

0

01

01

0

16

11

27

177

29

Nar

sap

oor

11

08

09

05

0

01

01

0

21

14

35

30

Kow

dip

ally

17

09

09

06

01

0

01

0

28

15

43

31

Jinnar

am

15

08

13

07

0

01

01

0

29

16

45

32

Shiv

am

pet

18

06

08

04

01

0

0

01

27

11

38

33

Hat

hn

oora

14

07

10

04

01

0

0

01

25

12

37

S

ub-T

ota

l 258

141

15

5

93

11

7

13

5

43

7

246

683

S

idd

ipet

Div

isio

n

34

Sid

dip

et

19

10

17

08

0

01

01

0

37

19

56

35

Chin

nakodur

17

09

10

06

01

0

01

0

29

15

44

36

Nan

gu

noor

15

08

08

04

01

0

01

0

25

12

37

37

Gajw

el

16

10

10

09

0

01

01

0

27

20

47

38

Toop

ran

14

08

10

05

01

0

0

01

25

14

39

39

War

gal

11

06

07

05

01

0

0

01

19

12

31

40

Jagadev

apur

14

09

06

07

0

01

01

0

21

17

38

41

Mulu

gu

15

07

06

05

0

01

0

01

21

14

35

42

Doult

abad

18

10

09

05

01

0

01

0

29

15

44

43

Du

bbak

20

12

12

08

0

01

01

0

33

21

54

44

Thoguta

12

05

06

03

01

0

0

01

19

9

28

45

Mir

doddi

08

08

07

04

01

0

0

01

16

13

29

46

Kondapak

12

06

08

05

0

01

0

01

20

13

33

S

ub-T

ota

l 191

108

11

6

74

7

6

7

6

32

1

194

515

T

ota

l 678

376

40

8

256

27

19

30

16

11

43

667

18

10

Sou

rce:

Pan

chayati

Raj

Ele

ctio

ns,

2006.

Tab

le-4

.7

Wom

en R

ep

rese

nta

tives

in

Ru

ral

Local

Bod

ies

in M

edak

Dis

tric

t: A

sce

nario

Sarp

an

ch

es

M.P

.T.C

s M

.P.P

s Z

.P.T

.Cs

S.N

o.

Reven

ue

Div

isio

ns

Men

W

om

en

M

en

Wom

en

M

en

W

om

en

M

en

W

om

en

Tota

l

Men

Tota

l

Wom

en

Tota

l

2

San

ga

Red

dy

229

127

137

89

9

6

10

5

38

5

22

7

61

2

2.

Med

ak

25

8

14

1

15

5

93

1

1

7

13

5

4

37

2

46

6

83

3.

Sid

dip

et

19

1

10

8

11

6

74

7

6

7

6

3

21

1

94

5

15

T

ota

l 6

78

3

76

4

08

2

56

2

7

19

3

0

16

1

14

3

66

7

18

10

Sou

rce:

Pan

chayati

Raj

Ele

ctio

ns,

2006.

178

The above table 4.6 reveals that women participation in Medak District is

much above the average of Andhra Pradesh and India which stands at an ratio of 3.1

and 5.0 respectively against male (Chapter-2). Whereas, women representation in

Medak district, overall, is above 50% which is good considering the comparative

scenarios in other parts of the state and country. The performance is commendable in

Siddipet division as compared to other two divisions of Sangareddy and Medak

divisions. Mannur, Sadasivpet and Patancheru are some of the places where women

have made an impressive performance by winning about equal seats as their male

counterparts which is a good sign of progress and a lesson for other women across the

nation.

As per the above two tables in i.e. 4.6 and 4.7 Medak district, 33% of rural

local bodies have been reserved for women. In the district, 1054 Sarpanches have

been elected in the district out of which 376 are women Sarpanches under reserved

category and remaining 678 Sarpanches have been elected under general category. As

far as MPTCs are concerned there are 664 MPTCs in the district, out of these 256 are

women while 408 are from general category. These figures indicate that 33% of seats

have been reserved for women. On the same lines there are 46 MPPs in the district out

of which 19 MPPs are women while remaining 27 MPPs are from general category.

As far as ZPTCs are concerned, there are 46 ZPTCs out of which 16 are women

ZPTCs while remaining 30 ZPTCs fall under general category. Thus, out of totals

1,819 seats in rural local bodies under various categories, 667 have been found with

women and remaining 1143 are under general category. Thus, the above tables

indicates that after the enactment of 73rd

Constitution Amendment reservations for

179

women are strictly followed in the district under study. Hence 30% of seats in rural

local bodies have been occupied by women.

Table-4.8

List of Elected Mandal Presidents

Details of the M.P.Ps. Sl.No. Name of the

Mandal Name of the MPP Reservation Party

Affiliation

1 2 3 4 5

Medak Division

1 Medak L.Padma Rao SC(G) TDP

2 Shankerampet(A) V.Srinivas Goud UR(G) TDP

3 Tekmal K.Manemma BC(W) INC

4 Papannapet CH.Vinoda Rani SC(W) INC

5 Andole Hanmanthraopet Rama

Goud

BC(G) TDP

6 Alladurge D.Kashinath BC(G) INC

7 Pulkal B.Anjaiah BC(G) INC

8 Regode P.Suresh Kumar UR (G) INC

9 Ramaympet G.Yellaiah SC(G) TRS

10 Shankarampet® Boini Aruna BC(W) TDP

11 Chegunta Karuna Pandu SC(G) TDP

12 Yeldurthy Byagari Malleshwari SC(W) TDP

13 Kulcharam B.Manemma UR(W) INC

14 Narsapoor Ramavath Lalitha ST(W) INC

15 Kowdipally G.Yadagoud BC(G) CPI

16 Jinnaram K.Nirmala BC(W) INC

17 Shivampet Lambadi Govind ST(G) INC

18 Hathnoora P.Anjaneyelu BC(G) INC

Sangareddy

Division

19 Sangarddy Julakanti Anjaneyulu BC(G) INC

20 Kondapur Rajeshwaro Deshpande UR(G) INC

21 Sadasivpet P.Malamma BC(G) TRS

22 Patancheru Dathu Swaroopa SC(W) INC

23 Ramchandrapur S.Madhavi UR(W) INC

24 Zahirabad G.Vijayakumar BC(G) INC

25 Raikode Patel Sharada Bai UR(W) INC

26 Munipally T.Ramreddy UR(G) INC

27 Jharasangam Hanmanthrao Patel UR(G) INC

28 Kohir Md.Showkath Ali UR(G) TDP

29 Narayankhed K.Balkishan BC(G) INC

30 Kangti Pandarinath Rao BC(G) INC

31 Kalher A.Mallesh BC(G) INC

180

32 Manoor K.Veeramani UR(G) INC

33 Nyalkal S.Jangamma UR(W) INC

Siddipet Division

34 Siddipet M.Sarasvati UR(W) TRS

35 Chinnakodur Namla Ramchandram SC(G) TRS

36 Nangunoor Ragula Tharaiah SC(G) INC

37 Gajwel Sathya Laxmi BC(W) TDP

38 Toopran Mekela Arjun UR(G) TDP

39 Wargal B.Mohan SC(G) INC

40 Jagadevapur Y.Mangamma BC(W) TDP

41 Mulugu C.Sarala UR(G) TRS

42 Doultabad Y.Ramakrishna Reddy UR(G) INC

43 Dubbak S.Anasuya BC(W) TDP

44 Thoguta B.Venkat Swamy BC(G) TDP

45 Mirdoddi Nemale Bhaskar UR(G) TDP

46 Kondapak A.Sharada UR(W) TDP

Source: Panchayati Raj Elections 2006

ABSTRACT - MPPs

Political Parties RESERVATION

INC -26 ST(W) ---01

TDP -14 ST(GEN)--01

CPI - 1 SC(W) ---03

TRS -5 SC(GEN)-06

TOTAL 46 BC(W) --06

BC(GEN)-12

UR(W) --06

UR(GEN) -11

TOTAL ---46

The above details explain that out of 46 mandals MPPs in Medak District, 12

mandals have been allotted to women whereas remaining 34 mandals are unreserved.

It indicates that 33% of mandals have been reserved for women. Similarly in the

district either in Rural or Urban Local Bodies 33% of seats has been reserved for

women. Following table depicts the status of reservation of seats for women in rural

local bodies in Medak district.

181

The reservation of the women are showing above table explain that out of 46

MPPs in Madak District i.e., Scheduled Tribe (Women) 1, Schedule Tribe (General)

1, Scheduled Caste (W)-3 Schedule Caste (General) 06, Backward Caste (Women)

06, Backward Caste (General) 12, Unreserved (Women) 06 and Unreserved (General)

11 have been reserved and elected.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections this table explain that

out of 46, mandal MPPs in Medak District, 26 mandals have been elected Indian

National Congress (INC) it showing the INC is very strong in the year 2006 in PRIs,

14 mandals have been elected Telugu Desham Party, 1 mandal CPI and 5 mandals

have been elected Telangana Rastra Samithi (TRS) after 2006 the TRS party is

improving.

Table-4.9

List of Elected ZPTCs

Medak Division Name of ZPTC Reservation

1 Medak Mandal kishan goud BC(G) TDP

2 Shankerampet(A) Vigram Lalitha BC(W) TDP

3 Tekmal Masana gari Balaiah SC(G) INC

4 Papannapet Linganna Gari Mallappa UR (G) INC

5 Andole Seri Sunitha UR (W) INC

6 Alladurge K.Srinivasreddy UR (G) INC

7 Pulkal Police Mallappa UR (G) INC

8 Regode Gadeela Geethabai BC (W) INC

9 Ramaympet Sarupu Yadagiri BC(G) TDP

10 Shankarampet® P.Babumohan SC(G) TDP

11 Chegunta Akula Siddiramulu BC (G) TDP

12 Yeldurthy Amuda Anjaneyulu BC(G) TDP

13 Kulcharam Arege Ramesh Kumar BC(G) INC

14 Narsapoor Borlapu Srinivas UR (G) INC

15 Kowdipally Chilumula Ashireddy UR(G) TRS

16 Jinnaram Kolan Balreddy UR(G) INC

17 Shivampet Racha kondaUmarani UR (W) INC

18 Hathnoora Machha Shashikala UR(W) INC

182

Sangareddy

Division

19 Sangarddy Bharathy SC(W) TRS

20 Kondapur Lokredy Gari Manikreddy UR(G) INC

21 Sadasivpet Patlola Nagamani U.R.(w) INC

22 Patancheru Patlolla Mallareddy UR(G) INC

23 Ramchandrapur Ch.Kranti Kiran SC(G) INC

24 Zahirabad Manikyam SC(W) INC

25 Raikode Siddappa UR(G) INC

26 Munipally Desh Pandey Tharabai U.R.(w) INC

27 Jharasangam Gollapandarinath B.C(G) INC

28 Kohir Kohir Narshimulu B.C(G) TDP

29 Narayankhed Patlola Sanjeevareddy UR(G) INC

30 Kangti Rathod Sardar ST(G) INC

31 Kalher Devasothu Anitha ST(W) INC

32 Manoor Roof Singh ST(G) INC

33 Nyalkal Sivajiraopatil B.C(G) INC

Siddipet Division

34 Siddipet Thupakula Balrangam BC (G) TRS

35 Chinnakodur Devunoori Thirupathy B.C(G) TRS

36 Nangunoor Duvvala Mallaiah B.C(G) TRS

37 Gajwel Bollaram Yellaiah SC(G) TDP

38 Toopran Nayeeni Andalamma BC(W) TDP

39 Wargal Thalla Sudharani BC(W) INC

40 Jagadevapur Thudum Prakash SC(G) TDP

41 Mulugu Chettu Sulochana BC(W) TDP

42 Doultabad Chindam Rajkumar BC (G) TDP

43 Dubbak Bakki Venkaiah SC (G) TDP

44 Thoguta Guduru Laxmi SC(W) TDP

45 Mirdoddi Panjala Kavitha BC(W) TDP

46 Kondapak Thum Anjireddy BC(G) TDP

Source: Panchayati Raj Elections 2006.

ABSTRACT – ZPTCs

Political Parties RESERVATION

INC 25 ST(W) ---01

TDP 16 ST(GEN)--01

TRS 5 SC(W) ---03

TOTAL 46 SC(GEN)-06

BC(W) --06

BC(GEN)-12

UR(W) --06

UR(GEN) -11

TOTAL ---46

183

The above details explain that out of 46 mandals in Medak District, 10

(Women Reservation), 06 (Women Unreserved) mandals have been allotted to

women whereas remaining 30 mandals are unreserved. It indicates that 33% of

mandals have been reserved for women. Similarly in the district either in Rural

or Urban Local Bodies 33% of seats has been reserved for women. Following

table depicts the status of reservation of seats for women in rural local bodies in

Medak district.

As per 73rd

Constitutional Amendment Act the reservation of the women

are showing above table explain that out of 46 ZPTCs in Madak District i.e.,

Scheduled Tribe (Women) 1, Schedule Tribe (General) 2, Scheduled Caste

(W)-3 Schedule Caste (General;) 06, Backward Caste (Women) 06, Backward

Caste (General) 13, Unreserved (Women) 05 and Unreserved (General) 10

have been reserved and elected.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections this table

explain that out of 46, ZPTCs in Medak District, 25 mandals have been elected

Indian National Congress (INC) it showing the INC is very strong in the year

2006 in PRIs, 16 mandals have been elected Telugu Desham Party, and 5

mandals have been elected Telangana Rastra Samithi (TRS).

184

Ta

ble

-4.1

0

Sel

ect

ed M

an

dals

(1

0)

Ele

cted

Wo

men

Rep

rese

nta

tiv

es i

n R

ural

Lo

cal

Bo

die

s in

Sel

ecte

d S

tud

y M

an

da

ls

Sl.

No.

Na

me

of

the

Rev

enu

e

Div

isio

n/M

an

da

l

Sa

rpan

ch

(W)

MP

TC

(W)

MP

P

ZP

TC

T

ota

l (W

)

Sa

nga R

edd

y R

even

ue

Div

isio

n

1.

Sad

asiv

pet

0

9

07

B

-C (

G)

W

UR

(W

) 1

8

2.

Zah

eera

bad

1

0

09

B

.C (

G)

Mal

e S

C (

W)

20

3.

Ny

alk

al

10

0

8

UR

(W

) B

.C (

G)

Mal

e 1

9

S

ub

-To

tal

57

Med

ak

Rev

enu

e D

ivis

ion

4.

Nar

sap

ur

0

8

05

S

.T (

W)

UR

(G

) M

ale

14

5.

Sh

ivam

pet

0

6

04

S

.T (

G)

Mal

e U

R (

W)

11

6.

An

do

l 0

8

06

B

.C.

(G)

Mal

e U

R (

W)

15

7.

Reg

od

0

6

03

U

R(G

) B

.C(W

) 1

0

S

ub

-To

tal

50

Sid

dip

et R

even

ue

Div

isio

n

8.

Mu

lug

u

07

0

5

UR

(G)

(W)

B.C

(W)

14

9.

Ko

nd

apak

0

6

05

U

R(W

) B

.C(G

) M

ale

12

10

. M

ird

od

di

08

0

4

UR

(G)

Mal

e B

.C(W

) 1

3

S

ub

: T

ota

l 3

9

G

ran

d T

ota

l 1

46

So

urc

e: P

an

cha

yan

ti R

aj

Ele

ctio

ns,

20

06

.

185

The above table-4.10 shows that the selected study three Revenue

Divisions and ten mandals, these mandals are reserved for women including SC,

ST and BC, General Women. In Sanga Reddy Revenue Division is 57 Reserved

for Women. In Medak Revenue Division is 50 seats reserved for women. The

Siddipet Revenue Division is 39 reserved for women. The mandals effectively

showing more women participation so that reason the researcher has been

selected above showing 10 mandals for this study.

4.12 Profile of Selected Revenue Divisions and Mandals

4.12.1 Sanga Reddy Revenue Division

Sangareddi or Sangareddy, earlier known as Sangareddypeta is the

district headquarters of Medak District in the state of Telangana in India. It is

about 72 km from Medak and 55 km from Hyderabad and is located on

Hyderabad—Mumbai Highway (NH9). This is the biggest town in Medak

district. It has got its name by the ruler Sanga, who is the son of Rani

Shankaramba, ruler of Medak during the period of Nizams.

According to 2011 census, in Sanga Reddy Revenue Division having are

15 mandals. The population of Sanga Reddy Revenue Division is 9,30,686 out

of which male population is 4,72,913 and female population is 4,57,773,

Scheduled Tribe Male is 36,966, Scheduled Tribe Female is 34,481, Scheduled

Caste Male is 9,5034, Scheduled Caste Female 9,37,753 and the others male is

3,40,913 and others Female 3,2953 respectively. The ST total population in this

Revenue Division is 71,447 which is 4.00 percent to the total population.

186

Similarly, the SC population in this mandal is 1,88,787 which accounts to 15.00

percent to the total population.

It has three large-scale public sector industries in its constituency. Those

are BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited). One of the NAVARATNA

companies of Government of India), BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited), where

one of India's most powerful missile PRITHVI was produced), Ordnance

Factory Medak (which manufactures the Sarath tanks for the Indian Army). It is

also known for Pathancheruvu which is the biggest industrial corridor in Asia.

The town is categorized into Old Sangareddy and New Sangareddy. Old

Sangareddy is typically like Old City in Hyderabad. The area is well-renowned

for its bazaars which sale bangles, dresses, fancy items, vegetables, general

stores items and many other home needs items. The roads in this area are quite

busy during the festive seasons like Ramzan, Dassera & Diwali.

Since Sangareddy is near from Hyderabad, it is well connected to other

areas like Hi-tech city, Central shopping mall at Panjagutta and to the central of

Hyderabad. The NH-9 is passes through the city. Sangareddy has two Bus

Stations which are Old for Ordinary service and new for luxury and other

services.

The frequency of buses is very good and especially to Hyderabad is very

High Because most of the people travel in daily basis to office or college or for

the business purposes.

About 15 km Away from Sangareddy there is a outer ring road which

connects to Shamshabad airport- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad

187

and to Gachibowli, Medchal which are very broad roads and free of traffic and

pollution , you can reach your destination in no time.

The nearest railway stations are Lingampally which is about 30KM and

Secunderabad about 50Km and Nampally Station around 55KM. In the next

coming years it is expected that there would be Metro rail/ MMTS track in 5

years so as to connect from Lingampally - Patancheru-Gitam university-IIT

Hyderabad-Sangareddy.

Nearest Airport is Shamshabad International Airport which is 70 km from

Sangareddy. The Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad) makes easy to reach the town

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in the Sanga

Redddy Revenue Division in Medak District the total elected representatives

including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 612 out of this 385 men

representatives and the remaining are 257 women representatives are elected in

the Sangareddy Revenue Division. In Rangareddy Revenue Division elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 356 out of these 229 Men and 127 Women;

total MPTCs is 226 out of these 137 Men and 89 Female; total MPPs is 15

out these 09 men and 6 women; ZPTCs is 15 out of these 10 men and 5 women

reserved to the women have been elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.1.1 Sadasivpet Mandal

Sadasivpet or Sadaseopet is a mandal and a municipality in Medak

district in the Indian State of Telangana, Sadasivpet is located at 17.61670N

77.95000E. It has an average elevation of 534 meters (1755 feet). As per 2011

India census, this mandal having 26 villages. Sadasivpet had a population of

188

59,501 out of these Male population is 30,387 and the Female population is

29,114 and the ST population is 8,598 and SC population is 12,270. Male

constitutes 51% of the population and female 49%. Sadasivpet has an average

literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is

71%, and female literacy is 54%. In Sadasivpet, 15% of the population is under

6 years of age. Sadasivapet is the mandal headquarters with more than 20

villages under it. 45 Kmtrs. away from District Head Quarter and 15 Kmtrs. East

to Sangareddy and 65 Kmtrs. East to Hyderabad. The Sadasivpet mandal is

linked by road to Hyderabad and Gulbargah. Sadasivpet is mainly agriculture

based and Sugar Cane, Paddy, Ground Nut are the main crops.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Sadasivpet

mandal, Sangareddy Revenue Division in Medak District total elected

representatives including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 62 out of

this 24 are men and 18 are women elected representatives. In Sadasivpet mandal

elected representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 26 out of these 17 Men and 09 Women;

total MPTCs is 14 out of these 7 Men and 7 Female; total MPP is one seat to

reserved to women and the ZPTC is also reserved to the women have been

elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.1.2 Zaheerabad Mandal

Zahirabad or Badi Ekkhelli is a Municipal Town in Medak district of

Telangana, India. Zahirabad township was originally called Badi Ekkhelli. It was

earlier also known as "Akkampalli." The name was changed for Muhammad

Zaheeruddin (Zaheer Yar Jung Bahadur) a member of the Sufi Islamic

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Aristocratic family, the Paigah clan, of Hyderabad state. Zaheerudin was the

eldest son of Dowlah Bahadur, a follower of the Zoroastrain divinity, Asman.

Though the name has been changed, Badi Ekkhelli is used locally. As per 2011

India census, Zaheerabad mandal having 33 villages. Zaheerabad mandal

density populated mandal in the Sanga Reddy Revenue Division had a

population of 1,18,919 out of these Male population is 60,186 and the Female

population is 58,733 and the ST population is 13,835 and SC population is

21,912.

Near the town, in Jharasangam village and mandal, there is an ancient

temple of Lord Siva, called Kethaki Sangameshwara Swamy or Astha Theertha

Amrutha Gundam or Dakshina Kasi. Raja Kupendra, the king of Surya Vamsha

during Krutha Yug was suffering from an incurable skin disease. While on a

routine hunting expedition, he came to the Kethaki Vanam and found a stream,

where he washed his body. On returning home, he found that his skin disease

was completely cured. That same night, the Lord Samgameshwar appeared in a

dream and asked the Raja to construct a Sanatorium over Shiva Lingam. The

Raja Kupendra constructed the temple over Shiva Lingam and converted the

stream into a pushkarini. Due to its historical and religious importance, the

people from Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh (the Telangana areas)

visit the temple and pay homage to Lord Siva, and perform gunda pooja (a

special ritual of observance).

It is also said that after creating the world, the Lord Brahma visited the

site for meditation. As the Lord Brahma founded the Bhanakara Lingam the

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poojas (devotional ceremonies) are performed with kethaki flowers, which are

not usually used in the pooja ceremony. There are eight theerthas: Narayana,

Dharna, Rushi, Varuna, Soma, Rudra, Indira and Datha

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Zaheerabad

mandal, Sangareddy Revenue Division in Medak District total elected

representatives including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 62 out of

this 42 men and 20 women representatives. In Zaheerabad mandal elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 33 out of these 23 Men and 10 Women; total

MPTCs is 27 out of these 18 Men and 09 Female; total MPP is one seat to

reserved to men and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to the women have been

elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.1.3 Nayalkal Mandal

Nyalkal or Nayalkal is a Village and Mandal in Medak district in the

Indian State of Telangana, It is bounded by Manoor, Raikode, Jharasangam and

Zahirabad mandals in Medak district and Bidar district of Karnataka state.

Nayalkal is located at 17.85000N 77.6667

0E. It has an average elevation of

585 metres (1922 ft). According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details

of Nyalkal mandal are as follows: Total Population: 57,110, Male Population:

28,848 and Female Population: 28.262; ST Population 696; SC Population:

15,094.

The villages in Nyalkal mandal includes 31 villages: Ameerabad, Atnur,

Basanthpur, Chalki, Cheekurthi, Chingepalle, Dappur, Gangwar, Ganjoti,

Hadnur, Hussain Nagar, Husselli, Ibrahimpur, Kakijanwada, Kalbemal,

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Khaleelpur, Malgi, Mamidgi, Mariampur, Metalkunta, Mirjapur, Mirzapur,

Mungi, Nayamathabad, Nyalkal, Raghapur, Rajola, Ratnapur, Rejinthal, Tekur,

Waddi etc.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Nyalkal

mandal, Sangareddy Revenue Division in Medak District total elected

representative including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 48 out of

these 29 men and 19 women elected representatives. In Nayalkal mandal elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 31 out of these 21 Men and 10 Women; total

MPTCs is 15 out of these 7 Men and 08 Women; total MPP is one seat to

reserved to women and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to the men have been

elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.2 Medak Revenue Division

Medak is a Revenue Division in Medak District of Telangana, India

having 18 mandals. It is 104 km north of the state capital Hyderabad. Medak is

located at 18.030N 78.27

0E. It has an average elevation of 442 meters (1450

feet) with 18 mandals. The original name of Medak is believed to be

Siddapuram. The town's name was later changed to Gulshanabad, and then

Medak. As of India's 2011 census, the total population of Medak municipality is

115,177 in a total of 25,110 households. India’s census splits population counts

between rural and urban areas. The 2011 census found that the urban population

was 46,880 people across 9,571 households, and the rural population was 68,297

people across 15,539 households. The largest employer in Medak is Ordnance

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Factory Medak, of the Ordnance Factories Board. It manufactures products for

the Indian Armed Forces and is the largest contributor to Medak's economy.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in the Medak

Revenue Division in Medak District the total elected representatives including

(Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 683 out of this 437 men

representatives and the remaining are 246 women representatives are elected in

the Medak Revenue Division. In Medak Revenue Division elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 399 out of these 258 Men and 141 Women;

total MPTCs is 248 out of these 155 Men and 93 Female; total MPPs is 18 out

these 11 men and 7 women; ZPTCs is 18 out of these 13 men and 5 women

reserved to the women have been elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.2.1 Narsapur Mandal

Narsapur is one of the major towns in Medak district, Telangana state,

India having 19 villages. It is located 60 km North of Hyderabad. The history of

this town dates back to the Kakatiya reign. Although people of various religious

backgrounds live in Narsapur town, they have embraced the Telangana culture.

As per 2011 India census, this mandal having 19 villages. Narsapur Mandal had

a population of 53,774 out of these Male population is 27,297 and Female

population is 26,477 and the ST population is 8,282 and SC population is 7,785.

Narsapur is a small town with greenery, surrounded by hills and thick

forest. Earlier Narsapur was known for "Naxalites"; but more recently it has

changed substantially because of modernization and development in AP,

especially in areas surrounding Hyderabad. Narsapur has one of the largest

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village irrigation tanks (Rai Rao Cheruvu) in Medak District. Narsapur was

chosen as one of the first locations to start use of the Multi-Purpose National

Identity Card (MNIC) in India.

Narsapur Reserve Forest, the largest forest (Citation needed) in the

suburbs of Greater Hyderabad, is spread between Gummadidala and Narsapur

towns. This dense patch of forest spans 30 to 40 km². It has a mini-ghat section,

thick forest with a variety of trees, shrubs, herbs (including medicinal plants),

and grasses, several small lakes. The forest and irrigation tanks of this mandal

support a range of wildlife (fauna include rhesus macaque, spotted deer, four-

horned antelope, jackal, wild boar, leopard, rat snake, Russell's viper, peacock,

and many other species of small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish,

crustaceans, insects, spiders, ...). In the past, the Municipal Corporation of

Hyderabad used this forest as the release site for monkeys captured in the city,

and the approach road to Narsapur from Hyderabad is now often lined with

troops of Rhesus Macaques begging for food from passing motorists. This forest

is one of the regular venues for monthly Sunday field trips of the Birdwatchers

Society of Andhra Pradesh (BSAP), which has records of bird observations from

here dating back 30 years. Lately, the village has become a hotspot for trekking

and Telugu film shootings. Films shot here include 'Ratri', 'Telangana',

'Adrustam', 'Chantigadu', 'Dee', 'A film by Aravind' and many more.

Narsapur is now known for the Padmasri Dr. B.V. Raju Institute of

Technology, an engineering college. The college was started by the

philanthropist Padmabhushan Dr. B. V. Raju garu. The college offers Post

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Graduate courses in Electronics and Chemical engineering streams. The college

has also started to offer MCA. Narsapur is vital constituency for local political

parties. Vakiti Sunita Reddy has won the last three Assembly elections from

here.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Narsapur

mandal, Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative

including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 35 out of these 21 men and

remaining 14 women representatives. In Narsapur mandal elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 19 out of these 11 Men and 08 Women; total

MPTCs is 14 out of these 09 Men and 05 women; total MPP is one seat to

reserved to women and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to men have been elected

in this Revenue Division.

4.12.2.2 Sivampet Mandal

The villages in Shivampet mandal in Medak district of Telangana, India

includes 26 villages: Allipur, Bijilipur, Chandi, Chinna Gottimukkula, Donthi,

Edulapur, Gangapalle, Gomaram, Gundlapalle, Kottala, Konthan Pally,

Kothapet, Nawabpet, Pambanda, Parkibanda, Pedda Gottimukula, Pillutla,

Potharam, Pothula Boguda, Ratnapoor, Shabashpalle, Shivampet, Sikindlapur,

Thimmapur, Usirikapalle etc. As per 2011 India census, this mandal having 26

villages. Shivampet Mandal had a population of 45,132 out of these Male

population is 22,505 and Female population is 22,627 and the ST population is

5,963 and SC population is 7,084.

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According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Shivampet

mandal, Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative

including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 36 out of these 27 men and

remaining 11 women elected representatives. In Shivampet mandal elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 24 out of these 18 Men and 06 Women; total

MPTCs is 12 out of these 08 Men and 04 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to

men and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to women have been elected in this

Revenue Division.

4.12.2.3 Andol Mandal

Andole is a Manda in Medak district of Telangana State, India located

about 33 kilometers from Medak and 60 kilometers from Hyderabad. Andole

mandal includes 30 Villages: Aksanpalle, Almaipet, Andole,

Annasagar,brahmanpalle, Chintakunta, Dakoor, Jogipet, Kansanpally,

Kichanapalle, Kodekal, Mansanpalle, Masanpalle, Nadlapur, Neerdigunta,

Posanipet, Pothareddipalle, Ramsanpalle, Rollapahad, Saibanpet, Sangaipet,

Tadamanoor, Talelma, Yerraram, Budhera, Munipally, Doulthabad, Siroor,

Raikode, and Madhapoor. As per 2011 India census, this mandal having 30

villages. Andole Mandal had a population of 39,585 out of these Male

population is 19,739 and Female population is 19,846 and the ST population is

412 and SC population is 9,720.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Andol mandal,

Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative

including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 42 out of this 27 men and

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remaining 15 women elected representatives. In Andol mandal elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 23 out of these 15 Men and 08 Women; total

MPTCs is 17 out of these 11 Men and 06 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to

men and the ZPTC is one seat reserved to women have been elected in this

Revenue Division.

4.12.2.4 Regode Mandal

Regode is a Village and Mandal in Medak district of Telangana State, India.

Regode mandal is bounded by Manoor, Narayankhed, Shankarampet Alladurg,

Andole, Pulkal, Munpalle and Raikode mandals. Regode is located at 17.98330N

77.83330E. It has an average elevation of 506 metres (1663 ft). The villages in

Regode mandal includes 24 villages: Chowderpalle, Devnoor, Dosapalle,

Dudiyal, Gajwada, Jagriyal, Khaderabad, Kondapur, Kothwalpalle, Marpalle,

Medikonda, Nirjipala, Pyararam, Pocharam, R. Itikyal, Regode, Saipet, Sindole,

Timmapoor, Tatipally, T.Lingampalle, M.Venkatapoor, Usrikpalle,

Darakastupally etc.

According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Regode

mandal are as follows: Total Population: 36,167 in 5,980 Households. Male

Population: 18,362 and Female Population: 17,805 , ST population is 2,682 and

SC population is 8,474.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Regode

mandal, Medak Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative

including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 30 out of these 20 men and

10 women representatives. In Regode mandal elected representatives

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i.e.Sarpanches is 19 out of these 13 Men and 06 Women; total MPTCs is 09 out

of these 06 Men and 03 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to men and the

ZPTC is one seat reserved to women have been elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.3 Siddipet Revenue Division

Siddipet is a town and selection grade Municipality in Medak district of

Telangana State, India, with a population of 1,80,690. It is the biggest city in

Medak district and is 104 kilometres (65 mi) away from the state capital,

Hyderabad, and 92 kilometres (57 mi) away from Secunderabad. Siddipet is

located at 18.10N 78.85

0E. It has an average elevation of 675 metres (2,215 ft).

Komati Cheruvu, Narsapur Cheruvu and the Yerra Cheruvu are the major lakes

nearby Siddipet.

According to the Indian census of 2011, Siddipet had a population of

6,22,247. As per 2011 census, Siddipet has a population of approximately

1,80,000 (The population drastically increased after merging two neighboring

villages in Siddipet municipality. The population of males constitutes 50% and

females 50%. Siddipet has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the

national average of 59.5%: The male literacy rate is 89.84% and female literacy

is 69.44%. In Siddipet, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. The

municipality consists 32 wards/divisions. There is a need for forming Siddipet as

a district because it is far away from the present district headquarters

Sangareddy. It has all resources to exist as a new district.

Siddipet is famous for rice mills. The town is surrounded by more than

120 rice mills. Arch Pharmaceuticals, a pharma industry, is situated near

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Mittapally, Siddipet. There is also a textile mill in Siddipet. This town has lots of

poultry (Layer) farms, which in terms stood as number 1 in Telangana State.

Almost 3 million eggs would be collected from all the farms every day. There

are many fried pulses industries, like Raghavendra Industry, and has also

Alankrutha handloom industry. There are also famous super markets like

Vaishnavi Super Market,More super market and Gattu Krishna Murthy

Jewellers.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in the Siddipet

Revenue Division in Medak District the total elected representatives including

(Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTCs) is 515 out of this 321 men

representatives and the remaining are 194 women representatives are elected in

the Siddipet Revenue Division. In Siddipet Revenue Division elected

representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 299 out of these 191 Men and 108 Women;

total MPTCs is 190 out of these 116 Men and 74 Female; total MPPs is 13 out

these 17 men and 6 women; ZPTCs is 13 out of these 07 men and 06 women

reserved to the women have been elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.3.1 Mulug Mandal

Mulug is a Mandal in Medak district of Telangana State, India. The

villages in Mulug mandal includes 30 villages : Achaipalle, Aliabad,

Bahilampur, Banda Mailaram, Baswapuram, Chinnathimapur, Damarakunta,

Dasarlapalle, Gangadharapalle, Karkapatla, Kasireddypally, Ksheerasagar,

Annasagar,Vagunoothi, Vantimamidi, Kamalabad, Kokkonda, Kolthur, Kotiyal,

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Lakshmakkapalle, Mamidiyal, Markook, Mulug, Nagireddypalle, Narsapur,

Singannagudem, Surampur, Tunkibollaram, Zapthisingaipalle etc.

According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Mulugu

mandal are as follows: Total Population: 44,076. Male Population: 22,168 and

Female Population: 21,908, ST population is 658 and SC population is 9,087.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Mulugu

mandal, Siddipet Revenue Division in Medak District total elected

representative including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPP and ZPTC) is 35 out of

these 21 men and remaining 14 women representatives. In Mulugu mandal

elected representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 22 out of these 15 Men and 07 Women;

total MPTCs is 11 out of these 06 Men and 05 women; MPP is one seat to

reserved to women and the ZPTC is one seat also reserved to women have been

elected in this Revenue Division.

4.12.3.2 Kondapak Mandal

Kondapak is a Mandal in the Medak district of Telangana state, India.

Kondapak mandal big mandal in the Siddipet Revenue Division includes 37

villages: Sirisnagandla, Marpadaga, Duddeda, Thimmareddypally, Kuknurpalle,

Lakudaram, Medinpur, Dammakkapally, Ankireddy Pally, Thoguta, Tukkapur,

Bandaram, Bandarupalle, Etigaddakistapur, Vellikattu, Vemulaghat, Yellareddy

peta, Erravally, Mangole, Zapti Nacharam, Khammam Pally, Nagireddipally,

Giraipalle, Odencheruvu, pedda Masanpalle, Thurka Kashi Nagar, Konai pally,

Thipparam, Bobbaipally, Singaram, Mathepally, Ramunipally, Domalonipally,

Sarlapally, Muddapur, Ambedkarnagar and Pitalawada.

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According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Mulugu

mandal are as follows: Total Population: 48,592 out of this Male Population:

24,216 and Female Population: 24,376, ST population is 215 and SC population

is 10,258.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Kondapak

mandal, Siddipet Revenue Division in Medak District total elected representative

including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPP and ZPTC) is 33 out of these 20 men and

13 women elected representatives. In Kondapak mandal elected representatives

i.e. Sarpanches is 18 out of these 12 Men and 06 Women; total MPTCs is 08 out

of these 06 Men and 05 women; MPP is one seat to reserved to women and the

ZPTC is one seat also reserved to women have been elected in this Revenue

Division.

4.12.3.3 Mirdoddi Mandal

Mirdoddi is a mandal of Medak district in Talangana state, India.

Mirdoddi Mandal in the Siddipet Revenue Division includes 16 villages. It is

located 91 KM towards East from District head quarters Sangareddi 3 KM from

Sangareddy Revenue Division. It is 89 KMs from Mirdoddi Mandal to State

capital of Hyderabad.

According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Miroddi

mandal are as follows: Total Population: 42,002 in 5,980 Households. Male

Population: 20,637 and Female Population: 21,365, ST population is 351, SC

population is 5,083 and others are 31, 998 including BC, OC and Minorities.

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According to Indian Census, 2011, the demographic details of Mulugu

mandal are as follows: Total Population: 44,076. Male Population: 22,168 and

Female Population: 21,908, ST population is 658 and SC population is 9,087.

According to 2006 Panchayati Raj Institutions Elections in Mirdoddi

mandal, Siddipet Revenue Division in Medak District total elected

representative including (Sarpanches, MPTCs, MPPs and ZPTC) is 29 out of

these 16 men and remaining 13 women representatives i.e. Sarpanches is 16 out

of these 08 Men and 08 Women; total MPTCs is 11 out of these 07 Men and 04

women; MPP is one seat to reserved to men and the ZPTC is one seat also

reserved to women have been elected in this Revenue Division.

4.13 Summing up

The empowerment and autonomy of women and the improvement of

women’s social, economic and political status is essential for the achievement of

both transparent and accountable government and administration and sustainable

development in all areas of life. The power relations that prevent women from

leading fulfilling lives operate at many levels of society, from the most personal

to the highly public. Women all over the world have participated widely in

political movements in times of crisis but, once the crisis is over, they are

relegated again to the domestic arena. Women in politics and decision-making

positions in Governments and legislative bodies contribute to redefining political

priorities, placing new items on the political agenda that reflect and address

women’s gender-specific concerns, values and experiences, and providing new

perspectives on mainstream political issues. The Indian Constitution guarantees

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political equality through the institution of adult franchise and the right to

equality which prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sex. The equal

political status will not be realized by mere declaration in the constitution.

Women are guaranteed 33% reservation which is their constitutional right in

elections. While women participation is stagnant at around 44% in India and

world over, the status in Medak district is heartening as most of the reserved

seats have been contested in Medak Districts. Medak District with a population

of 30.33 lakhs in 2011 has a rural population of around 85%. The SC population

is around 16.31% and ST population is around 5.24%. The perceptions of

women in regards to their leader, especially women leaders, will be tabulated

and analysed in the following chapter in order to assessed the ability and

performance of women leader in their area and what respondents feel could help

the women leader in achieving equal status among its male counterparts.