Chapter 4: Tissues, Part 1 - Las Positas...
Transcript of Chapter 4: Tissues, Part 1 - Las Positas...
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Tissue = A collection of cells that perform related functions, and are similar in structure, or a mass of like cells Histology = The study of tissues The Four Primary Tissue Types
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
Chapter 4: Tissues, Part 1
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM
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Epithelial Tissue
1. Epithelium / -a = cell layer (barrier) � Epi = on or upon � Protection: covering or lining—inside and out � Permeability control: selective secretion and absorption � Sensation: touch receptors etc. and neuroepithelium of
special senses
2. Glands = secretory structure � Specialized secretions
� Saliva, hormones, many others
• The Four Primary Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
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BM
apical
basal
Structural Characteristics of Epithelia p 69
Cellularity (little to no IC Space) Cell to cell contacts Polarity (sometimes) Basement Membrane Support by connective tissue Avascular (esp. epidermis) Regeneration/repair
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Polarity of (some) Epithelial Cells
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Classification of Epithelia
� The function of the epithelium determines which type.
� Typically classified according to 1. Number of cell layers
Simple vs. Stratified 2. Shape of cell
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
A Concept Map
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� Location: � Lining of ventral body
cavities, e.g. peritoneum � Lining of blood vessels
(endothelium) � Alveoli of lung � Bowman’s Capsule
Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
Simple Squamous Epithelium
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Function of Simple Squamous E.
� Friction reduction (cavity lining)
� Blood vessel permeability control (capillaries and Bowman’s capsule)
� Gas absorption and secretion (lung)
� Not protective—only one cell thick
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Lung
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
� Function Protection against abrasion, pathogens, chemicals, heat/cold…
� Keratinized vs. non-keratinized � Location ? Where we need protection!
� Skin surface � Entrances/exits of body, e.g. mouth, vagina
�
Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
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Thick skin
Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
Keratinized (cornified) stratified squamous epithelium
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Nonkeratinized (noncornified) stratified squamous epithelium
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� The “classic” epithelium � Function:
� Secretion � Absorption
� Location: � GI tract � Many excretory ducts
� Cilia (uterine tube) � Microvilli (small intestine)
Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
v Function: Mucociliary Blanket
v Mixture of cell types ⇒ nuclei located at various distances from surface. Yet: all cells contact BM
v Location: Ducts of Respiratory tract v i.e., trachea and bronchi
Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
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Transitional Epithelium
� Function ? � Extreme expansion & recoil
� Layered appearance due to overcrowding. All cells contact BM.
� Location ? � Bladder, ureters, renal pelvis
Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
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stretched
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Bladder
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
� Function: � Secretion � Absorption
� Location: Lining of ducts � e.g., kidney tubules � Glands (salivary, pancreas, thyroid)
Epithelial tissues
Squamous
Simple Stratified
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Columnar
Simple
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Cuboidal
Simple
Stratified
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Thyroid Follicle
Kidney tubule
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Sweat gland
Stratified cuboidal epithelium: quite rare, found in glands and ducts
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Glandular Epithelia
� Exocrine � Glands have ducts � Secretion to the “outside” of the body
� Simple or compound
� Endocrine
� Glands have no ducts
� Hormones (into the bloodstream)
Types of Glandular Secretions:
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